由于长期模式化的学习,很多学习者对于定语从句的引导词就有了一种定势的理解,所以无法理解but和than可以充当定语从句中的关系词。作为特殊的关系代词,but和than在定语从句中也是充当主语或宾语。But引导的定语从句相当于一个否定的结构who/which/that...not,表示某某人或事物不....;than引导的定语从句必须出现在比较级中,同时意义上保留“比”的意思。
but引导的定语从句
前文已经说过but引导定语从句时的功能及其含义,以下有两个例句,在翻译时一定要注意将but翻译成who/that/which...not
例1:Don’t be confined by rules. There is no rules but have exceptions.
不要让规则限制了你,没有规则没有例外。
注释:此时but在从句中充当主语,从句相当于there is no rules which/that do not have exceptions。
例2:There is no man but admires her generosity and kind heart.
没有人不赞赏她的慷慨和好心。
注释:此时but在从句中充当主语,相当于there is no man who does not admire her generosity and kind heart。
than 引导的定语从句
than引导定语从句一定出现在比较级当中,所以在理解上也要将than的意义放进去。
例1:Children today are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family structure. (此时than在句中充当主语)
与传统家庭结构相比,现代家庭结构中的孩子受到的管教表少了。
例2:He soon found it easy to make more money by thieving than his father had done by a lifetime of honest work. (than在句中充当done(made)的宾语)
很快他就发现,通过盗窃所得的钱要比他爸爸一辈子辛勤劳动挣来的钱多得多。
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