【英语语法】with复合结构的常见用法
一、“with复合结构”的定义及构成
with 宾语 宾语补足语
With his homework finished, he went out playing football with his friends happily.
他写完作业，出去开心地和朋友们踢足球。
二、“with复合结构”的用法
1. with 宾语 副词
The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on.
所有的灯都亮时，广场显得更加美丽。
With his parents away, Tom becomes naughtier.
父母不在，汤姆变得更淘气了。
2. with 宾语 形容词
With the door and windows open, the room was very cold.
门窗大开，屋内很冷。
With her parents dead, the girl had to left school.
她父母死了，那女孩只好辍学。
3. with 宾语 介词短语
The teacher came in with a book in his hand.
老师手里拿着书走进来。
The girl looked up with tears in her eyes.
那女孩眼泪汪汪地抬起头。
4. with 宾语 名词
They set up a football team, with Tom their head.
他们建立了一支足球队，汤姆当队长。
With a native our guide, we needn’t be afraid to get lost.
有本地人当向导，我们不必担心会迷路。
5. with 宾语 现在分词（宾语与动作构成逻辑上的主谓关系）
With summer coming, the weather is becoming hotter and hotter.
随着夏天的到来，天气越来越热。
With the teacher standing beside, she felt a bit uneasy.
老师站在旁边，她觉得有点不自然。
6. with 宾语 过去分词（宾语与动作构成逻辑上的动宾关系）
With the work done, she felt greatly relieved.
工作完成了，她大大地松了一口气。
With his hair cut, he looks much younger.
理了头发，他显得年轻多了。
7. with 宾语 不定式（表示动作将要发生）
With her to go with us, we’re sure to have a pleasant journey.
有她和我们一起去，我们的旅途一定会很愉快。
With Mr. Smith to teach them English next term, they will be greatly improved in spoken English.
下学期史密斯先生教他们英语，他们的口语会大有提高。
三、拓展
否定形式为“without 宾语 补足语”
The house caught a big fire last night, without anything left in it.
昨天晚上房子起了大火，烧得什么都不剩了。
四、巩固练习
1. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
(1) The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes _________ (fix) on the wall.
(2) I live in the house with its door _________ (face) to the south.
(3) They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights _________ (burn).
2. 用with复合结构完成下列句子。
(1) ______________________ (有很多工作要做), I couldn’t go to see the doctor.
(2) ______________________ (心存梦想), he went to Hollywood.
【参考答案】
1. (1) fixed
解析：由短语fix one’s eyes on sth.可知，eyes作with的宾语，与宾语补足语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，因此应该用过去分词表示被动的含义。
(2) facing
解析：door作with的宾语，与宾语补足语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，因此应该用现在分词表示主动的含义。
(3) burning
解析：lights作with的宾语，与宾语补足语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，因此应该用现在分词表示主动的含义。
2. (1) With a lot of work to do
(2) With a dream in heart
