情态动词
一、can和could1、can的用法
(1)表示体力和脑力方面的能力。
(2)表示对现在的动作或状态进行主观的猜测,主要用在否定句和疑问句中。
(3)表示可能性,理论上的可能性,意为“有时候可能会”,可用于肯定句。
(4)表示允许,意思与may接近。
(5)表示说话人的推测、怀疑、惊异、猜测或不肯定等,主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
(6)can的特殊句型
cannot…too / enough表示“无论怎么……也不过分”,“越……越好”。
cannot but do sth.表示“不得不,只好”。
2、could的用法
(1)表示能力,指的是过去时间。
(2)表示允许,指的是过去时间。
(3)表示可能,可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,表示语气缓和。
(4)委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,指的是现在时间。主要用于疑问句,回答时用can。
3、can与could的区别
can表推测时只用于否定句和疑问句(could无此限制)。couldn’t的可能性比can’t小。
4、can与be able to的区别
(1)现在时:无区别,但后者不常用。
(2)完成时;can没有完成时,此时要用have(has,had)been able to。
(3)将来时:can没有将来时,要用will be able to。
(4)过去时:could表示一般能力,was/were able to 表示在具体场合通过努力成功做成某事的能力。
二、may 和might1、may的用法
(1)表示询问或说明一件事可不可以做。
(2)表示一件事或许会发生或某种情况可能会存在,通常用在肯定句和否定句中。
注意:表示可能性时,can’t语气强,表示“不可能”,may not语气弱,表示“可能不”。
2、might的用法
(1)表示询问或允许,指的是过去时间。
(2)表示可能发生的事,可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,语气更加不肯定,可能性比may小一些。
3、may与might的特殊用法
(1)“may 主语 动词原形”表示祝愿。
(2)“may/ might well 动词原形”表示(完全)能,很可能。
(3)“may/ might as well 动词原形”表示最好,满可以,倒不如。
(4)may be 是“情态动词 系动词be”结构,表示“可能有,可能在”,否定式为may not be。
maybe是一个词,为副词,意为“大概,或许,可能”,在句中作状语。
三、must的用法1、表示“必须”,多强调说话人的主观看法。
2、must和have to 的区别:
(1)must表示说话人的义务或说话人主观认为“必须,应当”做某事;have to表示由于某种外界原因而“必须,不得不”做某事。即must侧重说明主观看法,have to强调客观需要。
(2)must只有一种形式,可用于现在、过去或将来时,但have to有不同的形式,可用于不同的时态。
(3)在否定句中,don’t need to, don’t have to, needn’t表示没有义务;mustn’t表示禁止。
3、must的否定形式must not/ mustn’t 意为“不许,禁止”,表示绝对禁止。若表示“没必要,不必”,应使用needn’t或don’t have to。
注意:对must作否定回答时,不用mustn’t,用needn’t或don’t have to。
4、must 表示“偏偏”,指令人不快的事情。
5、must用来表示推测,意为i“准是,肯定是”,一般用于肯定句,肯定程度比may,might大的多。
四、need的用法1、need用作情态动词,后面接动词原形,通常用在否定句和疑问句中。
2、回答need时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。
3、need用作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化,后面加to do。
4、need to do和need doing
need to do中不定式的逻辑主语就是主句的主语;need doing是主动形式表示被动含义,即need前的主语就是need后面的动词所表示的动作的承受者。
注意:want和require作“需要”讲时,和need的用法相同。
5、needn’t have done与didn’t need to do
needn’t have done表示过去本不必做但实际上却做了某事
didn’t need to do表示过去不必做而实际上也没做某事
五、dare的用法1、dare用作情态动词,后面接动词原形,通常用在否定句和疑问句和条件句中;它没有人称和数的变化,但有过去式(dared)。
2、dare用作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化,后面加to do。
注意:(1)I dare say意为“我认为,我相信,很可能”。
(2)dare用作实义动词时,表示“敢冒(危险),不俱”。
(3)dare可用于激将或挑战。例:He dared me to jump down.
六、will和would1、will的用法
(1)可以表示主观意志、意愿,可用于各种人称。
(2)可以表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性等,意为“经常,惯于,总是”。
(3)表示命令(说话这确信命令一定会得到执行)或允诺。
(4)will可用于祈使句的附加疑问句。
(5)用于疑问句,表“邀请,请求”,常与第二人称you连用。
2、would的用法
(1)作为will的过去时态,用于过去时中,表示主观愿望或意志,意为“愿意,执意”。
(2)用与第二人称,表示谦恭的请求或征求意见,比will更为客气。
(3)表示过去的习惯,后接动词原形,意为“总是,总会”。
(4)would表意愿用于词组中。
Would like “喜欢,想要”(=would love)
Would rather “宁愿”。
七、shall和should1、shall的用法
(1)shall用于第一、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
(2)shall用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
(3)用于所有人称,表示规章、法令、预言等,可译为“必须”。
2、should的用法
(1)表示义务、责任或劝告、建议、命令等,意为“应该”。
(2)表示有一定根据的推测、推论或可能性,意为“可能,该”(肯定的语气没有must表推测时强)。
(3)多用于疑问句中,表示惊讶、难以相信或不应该的事。
(4)ought to和should的比较
A、ought to也可以表示推论、可能性,和should用法一样。
B、在省略回答中,ought to中的to可以省略。
C、should和ought to表示做正确的事情或理应做的事情。
be supposed to 意为“被期望,应该”,表示被期望发生或根据安排、要求做某事,或认为做某事是正常的。
八、had better意为“最好”,’d better 为其缩写形式,其后续跟动词原形。
注意:had better 的否定形式为had better not。
九、used to “过去常常”仅用于过去时态中,通常用于所有人称。
1、used to 动词原形,表示过去(有规律的)习惯或过去某一时期的的状况,但现在已不存在。
2、其反意疑问句简略回答中,也有两种形式:didn’t ,use(d)n’t
3、used to 和would的区别
(1)used to 可表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态,而would仅表示过去习惯性或重复性的动作。
(2)used to 强调过去的行为同现在的对比,含有“过去如此,现在已不再这样了”之意。Would仅表示过去习惯性动作,没有预先在对比的含义。
(3)used to不能跟表确定时间短的时间状语连用。
(4)used to 可用于无人称句和存在句,而would则不可。
4、used to与be used to do和be used to doing
(1)used to表示“过去常常”隐含现在不这样了,其中to是不定式符号,后跟动词原形,仅用于过去时态。
(2)be/get/become used to 表示“习惯于”时,意为“变得习惯于“或“开始习惯于”。
(3)be used to do表示“被用来”。
十、情态动词后的某些动词形式1、情态动词 have done
(1)“must have done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。
(2)“can't have done”表示对过去事情的否定推测,译成“不可能做过某事”。
(3)“can have done”表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过……吗?”
(4)“could have done”是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
(5)“may have done”表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。
(6)“might have done”表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,多用于虚拟语气结构中;还可以表示“本来可能……”。
(7)“would have done”虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是“本来会做”。
(8)“should have done”意思是“本来应该做某事,而实际没做。” “shouldn't have done”表示本来不应该做某事,而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。
(9)“ought to have done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,译成“理应做……”,往往表示遗憾。与“should have done”用法基本一样。
(10)“need have done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn't have done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。
2、情态动词 be doing:表示对现在正在做的事情的推测。
十一、含有某些情态动词的反意疑问句1、must
当must表示命令时,反意疑问句用needn’t。
当must表示推测时,反意疑问句与实际情况保持一致,即与把must删掉后的陈述句的反意疑问句保持一致。
2、can’t
当can’t表示没能力做某事时,反意疑问句用can sb.?
当can’t用于表推测时,反意疑问句由实际情况决定,即由去掉can’t后的真实陈述句决定。
十二、情态动词专项练习(附答案)1. Jean () have kept his promise. I wonder why he changed his idea.
A. must B. should C. need D. would
解析:选B. “should have 过去分词” 表示“过去本来应该(但没能)做某事”;
keep one’s promise 意为“信守诺言”。
2. Jane () have come to the party, but she () not find the exact time.
A. could; could B. might; could
C. should; could D. should; would
解析:选A.“ could have 过去分词表示过去本来应该(但没能)做某事”。
3. So many mistakes in your homework! You () more careful.
A. may be B. had to C. would be D. should have been
解析:选D. “You should have been more careful”. 意为:你本来应该更细心的。
4.Her brother () be at home now, because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn't
解析:选C. can’t be at home 意为:不可能在家。
5.---I can’t understand why our boss is late.
---He( )the early bus.
A. could miss B. may have missed
C. can have missed D. might miss
解析:选B. “may have 过去分词”表示对过去动作的判断,意为:可能做了某事。 注意:can表示可能时,只能用于疑问句和反问句。
6. She didn't answer the phone, she ______ asleep.
A. may be B. must be C. should have been D. must have been
解析:选D. 表示:对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。
7.The little girl’s eyes were red. She ______.
A. may cry B. must cry C. must be cried D. must have been crying
解析:选D. 意为:她刚才肯定一直在哭。对过去某事正发生的推测。
8.He______ his supper now, for the dining hall is still closed.
A. can’t be having B. needn’t be having
C. mustn’t be having D. shouldn't be having
解析:选A. 对现在正在发生的事情的否定推测。
9.I parked my bike behind the building, but now it is gone. It ________ .
A. may be stolen B. must be stolen
C. must have been stolen D. must have stolen
解析:选C. 对过去发生的事情 的肯定推测的被动式。
10. ______ Mr. Black_______go to work by ferry before the bridge was built?
A. Did; used to B. Use; to C. Did; use to D. Does; use to
解析:选C. used to do的疑问式,可以是Used 主语 to do ?或Did 主语 use to do?
11. The hotel is only a stone’s throw away, you ______ take a bus.
A. need not to B. not need to C. don't need D. need not
解析:选D. 说话人认为不必要乘车, need 为情态动词。
12. I am busy now, _______ my brother do it for you ?
A. Will B. Shall C. Must D. May
解析:选B. 在疑问句中shall 用于第三人称,也表示征求意见。
13. ---You needn’t do it right now, need you?
---Yes I am afraid I ______ .
A. need B. needn’t C. must D. mustn’t
解析:选C. Yes的意思是:不。意为:恐怕我必须现在就做。
14.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared . Who _____ have taken it?
A. should B. must C. could D. would
解析:选C. could/can have done 用于否定推测和疑问推测。
15. ---The room is so dirty._______ we clean it?
----Of course.
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
解析:选B. shall 用在疑问句中,常用于第一,三人称, 表示征求意见或请求指示。
16. If you have something important to do, you ______ waste any time.
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. may not D. won’t
解析:选B. 根据句意用mustn’t
17. If you want to borrow a football after school, your student card______ here.
A. has to leave B. must leave C. has to be left D. must be left
解析:选C. have to 表示客观需要,must表示主观需要。学生证必须放在此是客观需要。
18. “ Did you scold him for his carelessness?”
“Yes, but _____ it”
A. I’d rather not do B. I’d rather not have done
C. I shouldn’t do D. I’d better not do
解析:选B. would rather 加完成时表示对完成了的或过去了的事情的态度。意为:当时是不情愿做的。
19. “ Don’t get near to it . It is too dangerous!”
“_______” .
A. Yes, I won’t B. No, I don’t C. No, I can’t D. No, I won’t
解析:选D. A为错误的表达方式;B和C没有直接回答对方的问候。
20. He must be in the classroom, _______ he?
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. isn’t D.can
解析:选C. 对表否定的must进行反意疑问时,要用句子的实义动词
21. He________ be in the garden. He must be in the room.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. will not D. may not
解析:选A. 否定推测用can’t不用mustn’t
22. “Do you have to leave now?”
“I am very sorry, but I really______.”
A. can’t B. have C. should D. must
解析:选D. 回答have to 的疑问句用must作肯定回答。
23. “Let’s go to the library, shall we?”
“_________?”
A. No, I can’t B. Yes, I will
C. Yes , thank you D. No, we’d better not
解析:选D. A,B,C都 不能回答shall we, 此处D的语气比较婉转客气。
24. “Can I take it away?”
“ You ______ better not.”
A. should B. could C. would D. had
解析:选D. had better 与不带to 的不定式构成谓语,可以变成疑问句:Hadn’t you better----
25. You _______ have brought your camera. They all had theirs with them.
A. couldn’t B. needn’t C. wouldn’t D. mustn’t
解析:选B. 本来不必要做某事.
26. See who is there!______it be May?
A. May B. Must C. Can D. Will
解析:选C. 表推测时A,B都用作疑问句。
27. John______ be a basketball player. He is much too short.
A. may B. mustn’t C. can’t D. should
解析:选C. 断然的不定推测用can’t
28. The Chinese teacher looks so pale. She ______ be ill.
A. must B. mustn’t C. can D. need
解析:选A. 表示有把握的肯定推测用must
29. Something______to save our earth. Do you think so?
A. can do B. must do C. has to do D. must be done
解析:选D. “something must be done” 意为:必须采取措施。
30. Look at what you have done! You ______ be more careful.
A. ought B. can C. would D. should
解析:选D. ought 后应用to
31. — Has Li Lin started? He said he would join in the party.
— He ______. He is a man of keeping his word.
A. could have left B. must have left
C. can’t come D. won’t be coming
解析:B。从He is a man of keeping his word中可以看出,李林肯定已经出发来参加聚会了,这是对已经发生的事情非常肯定的推测,故用must have done。注意must表推测时,不能用于否定句和疑问句中。
32. — May I park my car here?
— No, you ______. No car is allowed to park here.
A. may not B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. daren’t
解析:C。此题考查以情态动词提问的一般疑问句的回答。在英语中,以某些情态动词提问的句子,出于礼貌委婉或句意的需 要,回答时,要换用另一个情态动词。在回答must开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to;在回答may开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用may,否定回答用mustn’t;在回答need开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t。
33. — Excuse me, could you tell me where the Yajia Supermarket is?
— It’s two blocks straight ahead. You ______ miss it.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
解析:B。根据题意,此处需要表示“推测”的否定结构,故can’t为正确答案。4. A。这是一个省略句,couldn’t have done表示对过去发生的动作的否定推测,意为“不可能……”。
34. — I saw Mr. Sun at Tongyu Station this morning.
— You ______. He’s still on holiday in Hawaii.
A. couldn’t have B. mustn’t have
C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
解析:A。这是一个省略句,couldn’t have done表示对过去发生的动作的否定推测,意为“不可能……”。
35. — How about paying a visit to Dr. Wang, our former Chinese teacher?
— Good idea. I will e-mail him today so that he ______ know ______ to expect us.
A. shall; why B. could; when C. would; what D. will; how
解析:B。这是一个综合题。本题so that后的目的状语从句中的谓语动词要用“情态动词( may / might / can / could ) 动词原形”。When to expect us表示“我们什么时候可到达”。“疑问词 不定式”结构在句中作know的宾语。
36. Everything has two sides. Beautiful songs, sometimes, ______ be just noise to others.
A. must B. may C. should D. could
解析:B。由sometimes可知,此处应用表示可能性不大的情态动词,即may。
37. Someone ______ my umbrella. I found it wet yesterday.
A. must be using B. must have used
C. must use D. must have been using
解析:B。由后句可知,这是对过去发生的事情的肯定推测,故B项正确。
38. — How dangerous it was!
— Yes, but for the passer-by’s quick action, the girl ______.
A. was drowned B. could have been drowned
C. had drowned D. should be drowned
解析:B。but for的意思是“要不是”,语法功能上等同于if 引导的否定虚拟条件句,因前句中How dangerous it was可知应与过去事实相反。
39. You ______ scold such a pupil who always keeps silent so seriously that you ______ hurt him.
A. should; can B. may; will
C. mustn’t; may D. can’t; must
解析:C。mustn’t表示“不准许”,may表示可能性,所以C正确。
40. — Why does Alice know so much about Angkor Wat?
— She ______ have been there, or ...
A. must B. oughtn’t to C. may D. can’t
解析:C。句意:她或许到过那里,或者……。or ... 是重要的信息,说明还有其他的可能性。A的说法太绝对,与or ... 提供的信息冲突。
41. — You may laugh, but I’ve been thinking of becoming a vegetarian.— Oh, you ______ be crazy. You will be hungry all the time.
A. must B. may C. will D. need
解析:A。must表示的把握最大,may表示有可能,need不表示推测,will表示将来。根据句意可知A正确,表明对对方的不理解和责备,语气比较坚决。
42. — What’s the matter with you?
— Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried fish just now.
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
解析:C。shouldn’t have done 表示“本不该做……,但实际上却做了”。
43. — ______ he have been chosen as captain of the football team?
— Yes, he ______.
A. Can; must have B. Must; must have
C. Can; must D. Must; must
解析:A。疑问句中可以用can, 肯定句用must。
44. Mr. Zhang ______ in Shanghai tomorrow morning.
A. can have arrived B. will have arrived
C. may have arrived D. must have arrived
解析:B。will have done,表示对将来必然进程的猜测。
45. Miss Wang started at 8 o’clock, and she ______ be there now.
A. should B. can C. can’t D. need
解析:A。should 表示主观性猜测,译为“应该”。
46. — It must be Mr. Li who did it.
— No, it ______ be Mr. Li.
A. mustn’t B. wouldn’t C. can’t D. may
解析:C, can’t 表示否定的猜测,侧重于主观判断,译为“决不会;不可能”。
47. You ______ finish reading the book as soon as possible.
A. may B. can C. need D. should
解析:D。should表示劝告某人应该做某事。
48. — Need you go to work now?
— Yes, I ______.
A. must B. need C. can D. dare
解析:A。need引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答应用must。
49. Your trousers are dirty. ______ them for you?
A. Shall I wash B. Will I wash
C. Am I going to wash D. Am I washing
解析:A。Shall I ... ?是征求对方意见时常用的句型。
50. You are late for school today. You ______ to school earlier.
A. ought to come B. should have come
C. ought have come D. should come
解析:B。should have done表示“过去某件事应该做而实际上没有做”,此处含有责备之意,也可用ought to have come。
51. We must learn from Lei Feng, ______ we?
A. may B. can’t C. don’t D. needn’t
解析:D。反意疑问句中,当must作“必须”解时,可以用needn’t / mustn’t构成附加疑问句。
52. She must be hungry, ______ she?
A. isn’t B. needn’t C. doesn’t D won’t
解析:A。反意疑问句中,陈述部分的must表示对现在情况推测时,附加疑问句中通常依据must后面的动词形式确定助动词。
53. He ought to come here early, ______ he?
A. would B. should C. didn’t D. shouldn’t
解析:D。反意疑问句中,陈述部分的谓语有ought to 时,附加疑问句中应用shouldn’t 或oughtn’t。
54. You used to smoke, ______ you?
A. used to B. don’t C. didn’t D. shouldn’t
解析:C。反意疑问句中,陈述部分的谓语有used to 时,附加疑问句中应用didn’t 或
usedn’t。
55. You ought ______ for what you haven’t done.
A. not to be punished B. not be punished
C. to not punished D. to not be punished
解析:A。ought to 的否定式是ought not to。
56. ______ you please tell me the way to the post office?
A. Must B. Need C. Would D. Should
解析:C。Would you please ... ?是向对方提出请求或询问时常用的婉转而有礼貌的句型。27. A。主语是第三人称时,shall表示说话人给对方的“允诺;命令;指示;意愿”。
57. I’m sure he ______ have the computer sooner or later.
A. shall B. can C. must D. would
解析:C。Would you please ... ?是向对方提出请求或询问时常用的婉转而有礼貌的句型。
58. It is important that we ______ learn how to drive.
A. have to B. should C. need D. shall
解析:B。在It is important / impossible / necessary that ... 句型中,that从句的谓语用
“( should ) 动词原形”。
59. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
解析:D。在规章中告诫应考者,在收完所有试卷前“必须”留在教室里。
60. How _______ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only a part of the article?
A. can B. must C. need D. may
解析:A。can 在疑问句中,表示疑惑、怀疑,根据情况可译作“能、可以”等。
61. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
解析:D. must表示推测时不用于否定句;shouldn’t have done sth. 表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”;needn’t have done sth. 表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了”;couldn’t have done sth. 表示“不可能做过某事”。根据题意,选D。
62. One ought _____ for what one hasn’t done.
A. not to be punished B. to not be punished
C. to not punished D. not be punished
解析:A. 情态动词ought 后要接带to的不定式,ought to do 的否定式是ought not to do,所以答案是A。
63. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must ___ always ___ so much.
A. not; be smoking B. not; have smoked
C. not; to smoke D. be not; smoking
解析:A. must not always be doing sth. 表示“不要老是做谋事”,含有埋怨、指责、反感等感情色彩。
64. With so much work on hand, you _____ to see the game last night.
A. mustn’t go B. shouldn’t go
C. couldn’t have gone D. shouldn’t have gone
解析:D. 题中的A项和B项都指现在情况;couldn’t have gone表示“不可能去过”;shouldn’t have gone表示“本不应该去而实际上去了”。根据题意,选D。
65. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They say that it ______ better organized.
A. had been B. had to be C. must have been D. could have been
解析:D. could have done sth. 表示“本来能够做某事而实际上未能做成”。
66. I’m surprised that he _____ in the exam.
A. should fail B. would have failed
C. may have failed D. should have failed
解析:D. should可用于表示惊奇、感叹、不满等感情色彩的句子,如指过去的动作,则要用should have done sth. Would 和 may通常不带感情色彩。
67. The little girl _____ there alone.
A. not dare go B. dares not go C. dare not go D. dare not to go
解析:C. 题中的dare是情态动词,后接不带to的不定式,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。
68. “Must we do it now?” “No, you _____.”
A. won’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. don’t
解析:B. must开头的疑问句,否定答语用needn’t或don’t have to。
69. He said he would rather not _____ it right now.
A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing
解析:C. would rather通常也视为情态动词(组),后接动词原形,其否定形式为would rather not。
70. You _____ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A. needn’t to come B. don’t need come
C. don’t need coming D. needn’t come
解析:D. need作为情态动词,其否定形式为needn’t;作实义动词时,其否定形式为don’t (doesn’t) need to do。
71. Put on more clothes. You _____ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A. can B. could C. would D. must
解析:D. must用在肯定句中表推测时,语气比could, would等肯定得多。此处“must 不定式进行式”表“想必正在……”之意。
72. I _____ play football than baseball.
A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer
解析:A. would rather … than …,意为“宁愿(做)……而不(做)……”。
73. I thought you _____ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.
A. may B. might C. could D. must
解析:B. 由句意可知,这是对过去发生的事情不太有把握的推测。
74. There was plenty of times. She _____.
A. mustn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried
C. must not hurry D. needn’t have hurried
解析:D. needn’t have done意为“过去不必做而做了某事”。
75. The plant is dead. I _____ it more water.
A. will give B. would have given
C. must give D. should have given
解析:D. should have done表示“过去应该做而没有做某事”。
76. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
解析:C. can’t(不能),mustn’t(不准),may not(不可以),均不合题意。
77. It’s still early, you _____.
A. mustn’t hurry B. wouldn’t hurry
C. may not hurry D. don’t have to hurry
解析:D. don’t have to = needn’t
78. Please open the window, _____?
A. can’t you B. aren’t you C. do you D. will you
解析:D. will用在第二人称的疑问句中,为询问(或征求)对方的意愿或向对方提出请求之意。
79. We _____ for her because she never came.
A. mustn’t have waited B. shouldn’t have waited
C. mustn’t wait D. needn’t wait
解析:B. should not have done表示“过去不应该做而做了某事”,含有“后悔”、 “责备”、 “劝告”, “批评”之意。
80. — May I stop here? — No, you _____.
A. mustn’t B. might not C. needn’t D. won’t
解析:A. may开头的疑问句,否定答语常用mustn’t。
81. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, _____.
A. won’t we B. will we C. don’t we D. shall we
解析:D. 疑问句中shall用于第一、三人称,用来征询对方的意见。
82. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
解析:D. 推测“她不可能在会上发言”,must表示推测时,不能用于否定句中。
83. — Please don’t make a noise.
— _____. I’ll be as quiet as a mouse.
A. Yes, I won’t B. No, I won’t C. No, I will D. Yes, I will
解析:B. will在此处表示“意志(向)”。
84. The young man has made so much noise that he _____ not have been allowed to attend the concert.
A. could B. must C. would D. should
解析:D. should not have done表示“过去不应该做而做了某事”,含有“后悔”、 “责备”、 “劝告”, “批评”之意。
85. — Where is John?
— He _____ in the library.
A. should be B. must be C. can be D. must have been
解析:B. must do表示对现在的事实进行推测。
86. Since the road is wet this morning, _____ last night.
A. it must rain B. it must be raining
C. it must have rained D. it must have been rain
解析:C. must have done用于对过去发生的事情进行推测,且较有把握。
87. — Will your brother stay home tonight?
— I’m not quite sure. He _____ to the cinema tonight.
A. must go B. can go C. may go D. may be going
解析:C. 表示推测时,must比may语气肯定。
88. She’s already two hours late. What ______ to her?
A. can have happened B. may have happened
C. should have happened D. must happen
解析:A. can表推测,只用于否定句和疑问句中。
89. You must be a writer, _____?
A. mustn’t you B. are you C. must you D. aren’t you
解析:Dmust表示推测时,其后的反意问句有两种情况:①对现存状态(现在的事实)进行推测时,反意疑问句中动词用其一般现在形式。②对过去发生的事情进行推测时,若有表过去的时间状语,反意问句用动词的过去式。
90. I got up early that morning, but I _____ so because I had no work to do.
A. mustn’t have done B. didn’t need to do
C. needn’t have done D. can’t have done
解析:C. needn’t have done表示“过去不必做而做了某事”,若表示“不必做某事(且实际上未做)“则用”didn’t / don’t / doesn’t need to.”
91. He _____ have come here yesterday, but he didn’t.
A. could B. should C. ought to D. all the above
解析:D. A表示“本能够”,B, C表“本应该”。
92. I missed the last bus, so I _____ go home on foot.
A. must B. have to C. may D. had to
解析:D. have to表示客观上要求做某事,must表示主观上认为必须做某事。
93. He ought to win the first prize, _____ he?
A. oughtn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. both A and B
解析:D. ought to的反意问句应用oughtn’t或shouldn’t开头。
94. Everyone _____ do his best for the modernizations of our country.
A. can B. may C. should D. might
解析:C. should 含“按理应该做……”、“有义务做……”之意。
95. Let’s clean our classroom, _____?
A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you
解析:C. Let’s 中的us一般包括对方在内。
96. Let us play basketball, ______?
A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you
解析:A. Let us中的us一般不包括对方在内。
97. He asked me for this book many times. Please tell him that he _____ have it tomorrow.
A. must B. may C. shall D. both B and C
解析:D. may和shall均可表“允诺”。
98. “Your phone number again? I _____ quite catch it.” “It’s 9568442.”
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
解析:A. 由句后得知句意为“我开始没听清楚对方的电话号码”,为对过去的事实或发生动作的表述。
99. Mother _____ us stories when we were children.
A. was used to tell B. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling
解析:C. used to do“过去(常)做某事”,be used to doing“习惯于做某事”。
100. She would rather _____ more money on books _____ on clothes.
A. cost … not B. to spare … don’t C. pay … than D. spend … than
解析:D. would rather后接动词原形。Spend … on sth.为常用结构
,