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今天小编以论文《基于概率和对偶犹豫模糊信息的决策方法及应用研究》为例，为大家带来《博士论文研究背景与意义》，一起来看看吧！
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Today xiaobian paper "Based on probability and dual hesitation fuzzy information decision method and application research" as an example, to bring you "doctoral thesis research background and significance", let's have a look!
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【1】原文（节选）
决策(Decisionmaking)早已深深植根于人类的社会生活中，像空气一样，围绕在每个人的基本生活与生产活动中，对人类非常重要。……决策者在现实的决策问题中，往往需要面对多个相互冲突、矛盾或者互相之间具有某种关系的属性或准则，这种决策问题被称为多准则(多属性)决策[1]。……Zadeh教授突破了传统集合的非此即彼的设定，提出了模糊集[14](Fuzzyset)的概念来描述信息源的不确定性和决策者的犹豫性。在模糊集中，一个元素与一个集合之间的隶属函数(Membershipfunction)的值属于区间[0,1]，即方案与准则的隶属度是一个介于0到1之间的数值而不是精确地属于(值为1)或者不属于(值为0)关系。模糊集理论在科研人员的努力下逐渐丰富起来并进行了广泛应用[15-21]。在不确定决策问题中，模糊集已经成为一个非常有效地处理不确定信息的工具。
Decisionmaking has long been deeply rooted in human social life, like air, around everyone's basic life and production activities, is very important to human beings. ... In practical decision-making problems, decision-makers often need to face multiple conflicting, contradictory or mutually related attributes or criteria, which is called multi-criteria (multi-attribute) decision-making [1]. ... Professor Zadeh broke through the traditional either-or setting of sets and proposed the concept of Fuzzyset [14] to describe the uncertainty of information sources and the hesitancy of decision makers. In the fuzzy set, the value of the Membershipfunction between an element and a set belongs to the interval [0,1], that is, the membership degree of the scheme and the criterion is a value between 0 and 1 rather than exactly belonging to (value 1) or not belonging to (value 0) relation. With the efforts of researchers, fuzzy set theory has been gradually enriched and widely applied [15-21]. In uncertain decision problems, fuzzy sets have become a very effective tool to deal with uncertain information.
然而，几乎任何有效的理论都有其局限性，模糊集也无法避免。区间[0,1]中的一个数值所能表达的犹豫性非常有限，在复杂的决策问题中不能够帮助决策者灵活地表达自己的决策信息。……Zhu等提出了对偶犹豫模糊集[28,29](Dualhesitantfuzzyset)的概念并研究了其基本性质、提出了相应的信息理论。在对偶犹豫模糊集中，决策者能够从隶属度和非隶属度两个角度给出犹豫的或者不确定的评价信息。对偶犹豫模糊信息涵盖了以上提到的各种犹豫模糊信息，因此能够非常灵活地用于收集和表达决策者的犹豫决策信息。
However, almost any valid theory has its limitations and fuzzy sets are unavoidable. The hesitation expressed by a value in the interval [0,1] is very limited and cannot help decision-makers flexibly express their decision information in complex decision problems. ... Zhu et al. proposed the concept of Dualhesitantfuzzyset [28,29], studied its basic properties and put forward the corresponding information theory. In the dual hesitation fuzzy set, decision makers can give uncertain or uncertain evaluation information from the two perspectives of membership and non-membership. Dual hesitation fuzzy information covers all kinds of hesitation fuzzy information mentioned above, so it can be used flexibly to collect and express decision makers' hesitation information.
犹豫模糊集中，令决策者感到犹豫的几个评价值是被平等对待的。……概率对偶犹豫模糊集能够帮助决策者更加完善地表达其犹豫信息，尤其在群决策问题中。虽然犹豫模糊集已经能够很好地反映决策专家的不确定信息，但是，要求或者期待决策专家利用犹豫模糊集就能够完美地给出其所有的不确定信息依然是一种奢望。……在实际的决策问题中，基于必要可能犹豫模糊集，决策者能够比较方便地给出自己的评价信息，并且不会在决策过程中损失原有的犹豫性。
Hesitancy is vague and concentrated, so that decision makers feel hesitant several evaluation values are treated equally. ... Probabilistic dual hesitation fuzzy sets can help decision makers express their hesitation information more perfectly, especially in group decision problems. Although hesitation fuzzy sets can well reflect the uncertain information of decision experts, it is still an extravagant hope to ask or expect decision experts to give all their uncertain information perfectly by using hesitation fuzzy sets. ... In practical decision-making problems, decision makers can easily give their own evaluation information based on the necessary possible hesitation fuzzy set, and will not lose the original hesitation in the decision-making process.
在这个日益复杂并且变幻莫测的世界中，怎样有效地帮助决策者表达并收集犹豫信息成为决策问题能否被顺利并且有效解决的关键。……因此，基于概率和对偶犹豫模糊信息研究其决策方法并将其应用于相应的实际决策问题，尤其在深度挖掘决策者的不确定信息、提供更灵活的信息表达形式和拓展成熟的多属性决策方法上，具有重要的理论意义和良好的实际应用价值。
In this increasingly complex and changeable world, how to effectively help decision-makers express and collect hesitation information has become the key to the smooth and effective solution of decision-making problems. ... Therefore, based on the probability and dual hesitant fuzzy information to study the decision-making method and applied to the corresponding practical decision-making problems, especially in the depth of mining policy makers of uncertain information, provide more flexible forms of information expression and development mature on multiple attribute decision making method, is of important theoretical significance and practical application of good value.
【2】分析论文的研究背景是介绍为什么要进行这样的研究。该论文是关于决策方法的研究，因此其背景主要围绕决策心理行为和多属性决策模糊数据类型而展开。
在原文中第1段介绍了MADM的概念和模糊集的发展。
第2段是犹豫模糊集的简单介绍以及应用可行性。
第3段从犹豫模糊集拓展至概率对偶犹豫模糊集，直接进入主题。
最后做个总结，结束背景介绍，再添加一些意义。
The research background of this paper is to introduce why such research should be carried out. This paper is about the research of decision making methods, so its background mainly revolves around the psychological behavior of decision making and fuzzy data types of multi-attribute decision making.
In the first paragraph of the original text, the concept of MADM and the development of fuzzy sets are introduced.
The second section is a brief introduction of hesitation fuzzy set and its application feasibility.
In paragraph 3, we expand from hesitation fuzzy sets to probabilistic dual hesitation fuzzy sets and get straight to the subject.
To conclude, close the background and add some meaning.
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内容参考来源：
[1] 任智亮. 基于概率和对偶犹豫模糊信息的决策方法及应用研究[D] .东南大学,2019.
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