- 极大提高工程编译速度
- 业务模块解耦，有利于多人团队协作开发
所谓的组件化就是把需求拆成一个一个的小模块，最后组装需要的模块组成一个app
模块化架构创建一个 Project 后可以创建多个 Module，这个 Module 就是所谓的模块。一个的例子，在写代码的时候我们会把每个模块拆开，每个 tab 所包含的内容就是一个模块，这样可以减少 module 的代码量，但是每个模块之间的肯定是有页面的跳转，数据传递等。
组件化架构
加快编译速度：每个业务组件都可以单独运行调试，速度提升好几倍
功能重用：一次编码处处复用，再也不需要复制代码了。基础组件和业务基础组件，调用者可以根据文档就可以一键集成和使用。
提高协作效率：每个组件都有专人维护，只需要重点测试修改的组件即可。
组件化配置1、全局配置
全局配置 :
isModuleMode 是最终要的配置 , 通过该配置的 true / false 设置当前是否开启组件化
集成模式 true ( 默认模式 , 模块化 )
组件模式 false ( 组件化 )
androidConfig 用于统一管理各个 Module 中的版本号 , 如编译版本号 , 最小版本号 , 目标版本号 ;applicationId 用于保存各个模块的包名 , 尤其是 module 依赖库的包名 , 组件化的状态下 , 该 module 需要独立运行 , 必须配置一个 applicationId 包名 。
dependencies 用于统一管理各个模块之间的依赖库 , 避免管理分散 ;
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="Java" cid="n151" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">// ext 是 extension 扩展的含义
// ext 后的 {} 花括号 , 是闭包 ,
ext{
// 是否是模块化模式
// 集成模式 true ( 默认模式 , 模块化 )
// 组件模式 false ( 组件化 )
isModuleMode = true
// 定义 android 变量 , 类型是字典 Map 集合
// 其中定义了若干键值对集合
androidConfig = [
compileSdkVersion : 30,
minSdkVersion : 18,
targetSdkVersion : 30,
versionCode : 1,
versionName : "1.0"
]
applicationId = [
"app" : "kim.hsl.component",
"module1" : "kim.hsl.module1",
"module2" : "kim.hsl.module2",
]
// androidx 版本号
androidxVersion = "1.3.0"
constraintlayoutVersion = "2.0.4"
materialVersion = "1.3.0"
// 统一管理依赖库
dependencies = [
// ${} 表示引用之前定义的变量
"appcompat" : "androidx.appcompat:appcompat:${androidxVersion}",
"constraintlayout" : "androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:${constraintlayoutVersion}",
"material" : "com.google.android.material:material:${materialVersion}"
]
}</pre>
2、工程下的 build.gradle 配置
在总的 build.gradle 配置中 , 引入上述全局配置 , 其作用就相当于将上述全局配置原封不动拷贝过来 ;
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="Java" cid="n154" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">apply from: "component.gradle"</pre>
完整配置 :
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="Java" cid="n156" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
// 将 component.gradle 配置文件中的内容导入到该位置
// 相当于引入头文件
apply from: "component.gradle"
buildscript {
repositories {
google()
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
classpath "com.android.tools.build:gradle:4.1.0"
// NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
// in the individual module build.gradle files
}
}
allprojects {
repositories {
google()
jcenter()
}
}
task clean(type: Delete) {
delete rootProject.buildDir
}</pre>
3、app 模块下的 build.gradle 配置
在 app 模块中重点关注 , 在组件模式下 , 一定不能引入依赖库 , 否则会报错 , 因为组件模式下这两个依赖库是两个可运行的独立应用 ;
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="Java" cid="n159" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">dependencies {
if (isModuleMode){
// 集成模式下才能引用这两个 Library Module
implementation project(path: ':module1')
implementation project(path: ':module2')
}
}</pre>
版本号 , applicationId , 依赖库 统一管理 :
从 Project 级别的配置中获取变量 :
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="Java" cid="n162" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">def androidConfig = rootProject.ext.androidConfig
def appId = rootProject.ext.applicationId
def dep = rootProject.ext.dependencies</pre>
版本号 和 applicationId 统一管理 :
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n164" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">android {
compileSdkVersion androidConfig.compileSdkVersion
defaultConfig {
applicationId appId["app"]
minSdkVersion androidConfig.minSdkVersion
targetSdkVersion androidConfig.targetSdkVersion
versionCode androidConfig.versionCode
versionName androidConfig.versionName
}</pre>
依赖库统一管理 :
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n166" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">dependencies {
//implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.3.0'
//implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.0.4'
//implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.3.0'
implementation dep.appcompat
implementation dep.constraintlayout
implementation dep.material
}</pre>
完整配置 :
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n168" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">plugins {
id 'com.android.application'
}
def androidConfig = rootProject.ext.androidConfig
def appId = rootProject.ext.applicationId
def dep = rootProject.ext.dependencies
android {
compileSdkVersion androidConfig.compileSdkVersion
buildToolsVersion "30.0.3"
defaultConfig {
applicationId appId["app"]
minSdkVersion androidConfig.minSdkVersion
targetSdkVersion androidConfig.targetSdkVersion
versionCode androidConfig.versionCode
versionName androidConfig.versionName
testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
// ARoute 需要的配置
javaCompileOptions {
annotationProcessorOptions {
arguments = [AROUTER_MODULE_NAME: project.getName()]
}
}
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
}
}
dependencies {
//implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.3.0'
//implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.0.4'
//implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.3.0'
implementation dep.appcompat
implementation dep.constraintlayout
implementation dep.material
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4. '
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.2'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.3.0'
// 替换成最新版本, 需要注意的是api
// 要与compiler匹配使用，均使用最新版可以保证兼容
api 'com.alibaba:arouter-api:1.5.1'
annotationProcessor 'com.alibaba:arouter-compiler:1.5.1'
if (isModuleMode){
// 集成模式下才能引用这两个 Library Module
implementation project(path: ':module1')
implementation project(path: ':module2')
}
}</pre>
业务组件间没有依赖，如何实现数据通信？
业务组件如何实现单独调试？
壳工程Application生命周期如何下发？
业务组件间没有依赖，如何实现页面跳转？
独立调试单工程方案所谓的单工程方案就是把所有组件都放到一个工程下
单工程利弊分析：
- 利：一个模块修改后只需要编译一下
- 弊：没能做到完全的职责拆分，每个模块的开发者都有修改其他模块的权限。
首先在 gradle.properties 文件内声明一个变量：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n184" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">// gradle.properties
isModule = true</pre>
isModule 为 true 时表示组件可以作为 apk 运行起来，false 表示组件只能作为 library。我们根据需要改变这个值后同步下gradle即可。
然后在某个 module 的 build.gradle 文件内用这个变量做三个地方的判断：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n187" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">// build.gradle
// 区分是应用还是库
if(isModule.toBoolean()) {
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
}else {
apply plugin: 'com.android.library'
}
android {
defaultConfig {
// 如果是应用需要指定application
if(isModule.toBoolean()) {
applicationId "com.xxx.xxx"
}
}
sourceSets {
main {
// 应用和库的AndroidManifest文件区分
if(isModule.toBoolean()) {
manifest.srcFile 'src/main/debug/AndroidManifest.xml'
}else {
manifest.srcFile 'src/main/AndroidManifest.xml'
}
}
}
}</pre>
由于library是不需要 Application 和启动Activity页，所以我们要区分这个文件，应用manifest指定的路径没有特定，随意找个路径创建即可。在应用AndroidManifest.xml里我们要设置启动页：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n189" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.sun.biz_home">
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:label="@string/home_app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/home_AppTheme">
<activity android:name=".debug.HomeActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest></pre>
library 的 AndroidManifest.xml 不需要这些：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n191" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.sun.biz_home">
</manifest></pre>
gradle 依赖 module 的方式主要有两种：
- implementation: A implementation B，B implementation C， 但 A 不能访问到 C 的东西。
- api：A api B，B api C，A能访问到C的东西。
一般来说我们只需要使用 implementation 即可，api 是会造成项目编译时间变长，而且会引入该模块不需要的功能，代码之间耦合变得严重了。不过 module_common 是统一了基础组件版本的公共库，所有组件都应需要依赖它并拥有基础组件的能力，所以基本每个业务组件和业务基础组件都应该依赖公共库：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n199" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">dependencies {
implementation project(':module_common')
}</pre>
而 common 组件依赖基础组件应该是用 api，因为把基础组件的能力传递给上层业务组件：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n201" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">dependencies {
api project(':module_base')
api project(':module_util')
}</pre>
多工程就是每个组件都是一个工程，例如创建一个工程后 app 作为壳组件，它依赖 biz_home 运行，因此不需要 isModule 来控制独立调试，它本身就是一个工程可以独立调试。
多工程的利弊就是和单工程相反的：
- 利：做到职责完全拆分，其他项目复用更加方便，直接一行依赖引入。
- 弊：修改后需要上传到maven仓库，其他工程再次编译后才能感知到变化，多了上传和编译的时间。
多工程组件依赖需要用到maven仓库。把每个组件的aar上传到公司内网的maven仓库，然后像这样去依赖：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="" cid="n211" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">implementation 'com.xxx.xxx:module_common:1.0.0'
</pre>
我们把三方库统一放到 config.gradle 内管理：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n213" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">ext {
dependencies = [
"glide": "com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.12.0",
"glide-compiler": "com.github.bumptech.glide:compiler:4.12.0",
"okhttp3": "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.9.0",
"retrofit": "com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.9.0",
"retrofit-converter-gson" : "com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.9.0",
"retrofit-adapter-rxjava2" : "com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava2:2.9.0",
"rxjava2": "io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.2.21",
"arouter": "com.alibaba:arouter-api:1.5.1",
"arouter-compiler": "com.alibaba:arouter-compiler:1.5.1",
// our lib
"module_util": "com.sun.module:module_util:1.0.0",
"module_common": "com.sun.module:module_common:1.0.0",
"module_base": "com.sun.module:module_base:1.0.0",
"fun_splash": "com.sun.fun:fun_splash:1.0.0",
"fun_share": "com.sun.fun:fun_share:1.0.0",
"export_biz_home": "com.sun.export:export_biz_home:1.0.0",
"export_biz_me": "com.sun.export:export_biz_me:1.0.0",
"export_biz_msg": "com.sun.export:export_biz_msg:1.0.0",
"biz_home": "com.sun.biz:biz_home:1.0.0",
"biz_me": "com.sun.biz:biz_me:1.0.0",
"biz_msg": "com.sun.biz:biz_msg:1.0.0"
]
}</pre>
这样方便版本统一管理， 然后在根目录的 build.gradle 内导入：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n215" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">apply from: 'config.gradle'</pre>
最后在各自的模块引入依赖，比如在 module_common 中这么引入依赖即可。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n217" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">dependencies {
api rootProject.ext.dependencies["arouter"]
kapt rootProject.ext.dependencies["arouter-compiler"]
api rootProject.ext.dependencies["glide"]
api rootProject.ext.dependencies["okhttp3"]
api rootProject.ext.dependencies["retrofit"]
api rootProject.ext.dependencies["retrofit-converter-gson"]
api rootProject.ext.dependencies["retrofit-adapter-rxjava2"]
api rootProject.ext.dependencies["rxjava2"]
api rootProject.ext.dependencies["module_util"]
api rootProject.ext.dependencies["module_base"]
}</pre>
做完组件之间的隔离后，暴露出来最明显的问题就是页面跳转和数据通信的问题。一般来说，页面跳转都是显示startActivity跳转，在组件化项目内就不适用了，隐式跳转可以用，但每个Activity都要写 intent-filter 就显得有点麻烦，所以最好的方式还是用路由框架。
实际上市面已经有比较成熟的路由框架专门就是为了组件化而生的，比如美团的WMRouter，阿里的ARouter等，本例使用 ARouter 框架，看下ARouter页面跳转的基本操作。
首先肯定是引入依赖，以 module_common 引入ARouter举例，build.gradle 应该添加：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n222" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">android {
defaultConfig {
javaCompileOptions {
annotationProcessorOptions {
arguments = [AROUTER_MODULE_NAME: project.getName()]
}
}
}
compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
}
}
dependencies {
api rootProject.ext.dependencies["arouter"]
kapt rootProject.ext.dependencies["arouter-compiler"]
}</pre>
kapt注解依赖没有办法传递，所以我们不可避免得需要在每个模块都声明这些配置，除了 api rootProject.ext.dependencies["arouter"] 这行。然后需要全局注册 ARouter，我是在 module_common 统一注册的。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n224" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class AppCommon: BaseApp{
override fun onCreate(application: Application) {
MLog.d(TAG, "BaseApp AppCommon init")
initARouter(application)
}
private fun initARouter(application: Application) {
if(BuildConfig.DEBUG) {
ARouter.openLog()
ARouter.openDebug()
}
ARouter.init(application)
}
}</pre>
接着我们在 module_common 模块内声明一个路由表用作统一管理路径。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n226" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">// RouterPath.kt
class RouterPath {
companion object {
const val APP_MAIN = "/app/MainActivity"
const val HOME_FRAGMENT = "/home/HomeFragment"
const val MSG_FRAGMENT = "/msg/MsgFragment"
const val ME_FRAGMENT = "/me/MeFragment"
const val MSG_PROVIDER = "/msg/MsgProviderImpl"
}
}</pre>
然后在MainActivity类文件上进行注解：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n228" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">@Route(path = RouterPath.APP_MAIN)
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
}</pre>
任意模块只需要调用 ARouter.getInstance().build(RouterPath.APP_MAIN).navigation() 即可实现跳转。如果我们要加上数据传递也很方便：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n230" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">ARouter.getInstance().build(RouterPath.APP_MAIN)
.withString("key", "value")
.withObject("key1", obj)
.navigation()
</pre>
然后在MainActivity使用依赖注入接受数据：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n232" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
@Autowired
String key = ""
}</pre>
在 export_biz_msg 组件下声明 IMsgProvider，此接口必须实现 IProvider 接口：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n235" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">interface IMsgProvider: IProvider {
fun onCountFromHome(count: Int = 1)
}
</pre>
然后在 biz_msg 组件里实现这个接口：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n237" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">@Route(path = RouterPath.MSG_PROVIDER)
class MsgProviderImpl: IMsgProvider {
override fun onCountFromHome(count: Int) {
// 这里只是对数据进行分发，有监听计数的对象会收到
MsgCount.instance.addCount(count)
}
override fun init(context: Context?) {
// 对象被初始化时调用
}
}
</pre>
在 biz_home 首页组件中发送计数：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n239" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">val provider = ARouter.getInstance().build(RouterPath.MSG_PROVIDER).navigation() as IMsgProvider
provider.onCountFromHome(count)</pre>
可以看到其实和页面跳转的方式基本雷同，包括获取 Fragment 实例的方式也是这种。ARouter把所有通信的方式都用一种api实现，让使用者上手非常容易。
Application生命周期分发
当 app 壳工程启动Application初始化时要通知到其他组件初始化一些功能。这里提供一个简单的方式。
首先我们在 module_common 公共库内声明一个接口 BaseApp：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n244" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">interface BaseApp {
fun onCreate(application: Application)
}</pre>
然后每个组件都要创建一个 App 类实现此接口，比如biz_home组件：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n246" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class HomeApp: BaseApp {
override fun onCreate(application: Application) {
// 初始化都放在这里
MLog.d(TAG, "BaseApp HomeApp init")
}
}</pre>
剩下最后一步就是从 app 壳工程分发 application 的生命周期了，这里用到反射技术：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="java" cid="n248" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">val moduleInitArr = arrayOf(
"com.sun.module_common.AppCommon",
"com.sun.biz_home.HomeApp",
"com.sun.biz_msg.MsgApp",
"com.sun.biz_me.MeApp"
)
class App: Application() {
override fun onCreate() {
super.onCreate()
initModuleApp(this)
}
private fun initModuleApp(application: Application) {
try {
for(appName in moduleInitArr) {
val clazz = Class.forName(appName)
val module = clazz.getConstructor().newInstance() as BaseApp
module.onCreate(application)
}
}catch (e: Exception) {
e.printStackTrace()
}
}
}</pre>
以上就是今天的所有内容，相信大家看完之后都会有着自己的收获，但是盲目的学习并不能让你的技术稳定的增长
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技术是无止境的，你需要对自己提交的每一行代码、使用的每一个工具负责，不断挖掘其底层原理，才能使自己的技术升华到更高的层面
Android 架构师之路还很漫长，与君共勉
,
