1. 被动语态中谓语动词的基本构成:
be done
2. 八种时态的被动语态:(变 be 的时态即可,done不动)
1)一般现在时:am / is / are done
①People grow rice in the south of the country.
→Rice is grown in the south of the country.
稻米在这个国家的南部被种植。
②The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a
teacher.
→We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.
我们不被允许在没有老师的情况下进入化学实验室。
2)一般过去时:was / were done
①They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.
→The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.
建立一个新的汽车工厂在上个月被一致同意。
②The students didn't forget their lessons easily.
→Their lessons were not easily forgotten.
他们的功课没有被轻易遗忘。
3)一般将来时:will be done
①They will send cars abroad by sea.
→Cars will be sent abroad by sea.
5)一般过去将来时:would be done
①The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.
→The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.
经理说这项工程将会在年底被完成。
② The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.
→The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.
这些工人告诉我这辆汽车将尽可能快的被修理。
6)过去进行时:was / were being done
①The workers were mending the road.
→The road was being mended.
这条公路正在被修理。
②This time last year we were planting trees here.
→Trees were being planted here this time last year.
去年这个时候,这些树正在这里被植。
7)现在完成时:have / has been done
①Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.
→I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.
我已经被告诉会议可能会被延迟。
②He has brought his book here.
→His book has been brought here.
他的书被带到了这里。
8)过去完成时:had been done
①When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the
tickets.
→When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold
out.
当我到达剧院时,我发现票已经被卖完了。
② The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; people had
considered him to be a great leader.
→The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; he had been
considered to be a great leader.
整个国家听到他死亡的消息都很悲痛;他被认为是一个伟大的领袖。
3. 含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词 be done
①You must hand in your compositions after class.
→Your compositions must be handed in after class.
你的作文必须在下课之后被上交。
②He can write a great many letters with the computer.
→A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.
很多信能够被他用计算机写。
4. 被动语态的使用情况:
1)当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,这时往往不用by 短语。
“Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”
怀特先生,这只茶杯是下课后被打碎的。
2.突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by 短语。
These records were made by John Denver.
这些报道是被约翰·丹佛做的。
5. 主动语态变被动语态的方法:
1)把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2)把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be 过去分词,时态要与原句保持一致。
3)把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by 短语可以省略。
My aunt invited me to her dinner party.
→I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.
我被(我阿姨)邀请到她的晚宴。
The school set up a special class to help poor readers.
→A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.
在学校,一个帮助贫困阅读者的特殊的班级被建立。
6. 语态转换时应注意的问题:
1) 把主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
We have bought a new computer.
→A new computer has been bought. (正确)
→A new computer have been bought. (错误)
一台新的计算机已经被买了。
2)含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.
→I was given a present on my birthday.
我在生日时被给了一个礼物。
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词,如上句还可以说
→A present was given to me yesterday.
一个礼物昨天被给了我。
3) 由动词 介词或副词构成的短语动词,要把它们作为整体看,即把它们看成一个及物动词,介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。
The patient is being operated on.
病人正在被进行手术。
The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about.
问题呗解决了。它不需要被谈论了。
His request was turned down.
他的请求被拒绝了。
The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.
由于恶劣的天气,运动会将会被延迟。
4)带复合宾语(宾语 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。
We always keep the classroom clean.
→The classroom is always kept clean.
这间教室总是被保持干净。
She told us to follow her instructions.
→We were told to follow her instructions.
我们被告诉要遵循她的指示。
注意:在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make,
feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to,但改成被动语态后必须还原to。
We often hear him play the guitar.
→He is often heard to play the guitar.
他经常被听到弹吉他。
5)当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的不定代词时,被动句中将其变为anybody,
作by的宾语,并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。
Nobody can answer this question.
误:The question can be answered by nobody.
正:The question can not be answered by anybody.
这个问题不能被任何人回答。
6)当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时,在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no
one作主语,并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。
They haven't done anything to make the river clean.
误:Anything hasn't been done to make the river clean.
正:Nothing has been done to make the river clean.
没有什么可以被做来使河流清洁。
7)以who为主语开头的疑问句,变被动时,用by whom放在句首。
Who wrote the story?
误:Who was the story written?
正:By whom was the story written?
这个故事是被谁写的。
8)有些动词既是及物又是不及物,当它们和well, badly,
easily等副词连用时,表示主语内在品质或性能,是不及物动词,用主动表示被动,这时不用被动语态,常见的有:write, read, clean, sell,
wash, cook 等。
The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。
The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。
The books sell well. 这些书销量很好。
9)下列情况主动句不能改为被动句。
①感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义,如:feel,look, seem, taste, sound。
— Do you like the material? 你喜欢这种材料吗?
— Yes, it feels very soft. 是的,它摸上去非常柔软。
②不及物动词没有被动语态,如:rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。
When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.
当我们到达山顶的时候,太阳已经升起来了。
After the earthquake, few houses remained.
地震后,几乎没有房子剩下来。
③宾语是反身代词,相互代词,同源宾语,不定式,v-ing形式及抽象名词等,不能变为被动句子的主语。
I taught myself English.
误:Myself was taught English.
We love each other.
误:Each other is loved.
初中被动语态练习题及答案
一、把下列主动语态改为被动语态
1 We often use a recorder in our English class.
2 They will show a new film next week.
3 When did they build the house?
4 I saw the boy enter the room.
5 Will they show a new film next week?
6 We often see him help his classmate.
7 must turn off the light before you go to be.d
8 Who is repairing the bike?
9The student should learn all the texts by heart.
二、选择填空
1. The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon.
A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned
2. The workers were made ________ ten hours a day.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked
3. Food ________ in a cool place in summer.
A. must keep B. mustn’t keep C. must be kept D. mustn’t be kept
4. His father ________ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago.
A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent
5. The pen ________ well.
A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing
6. Great changes ________ in the town since 1988.
A. have taken place B. have been taken place
C. has taken place D. has been taken place
7. Our compositions must ________ next Monday.
A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in
8. The child will ________ back to his parents next month.
A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending
9. ________ his work ________ yet?
A. have…been finished B. has …been finished
C. has …finished D. have…finished
10. The classroom ________ now
A. is cleaning B. is being cleaning
C. is being cleaned D. is cleaned
11. I promise that matter will _______.
A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of
12. No permission has ________ for anybody to enter the building.
A. been given B. given C. to give D. be given
13. I _______ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given
14. Can such a thing _____ happening again?
A. prevent from B. prevented from
C. be prevented from D. to prevent from
15. A new house ________ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building
16. This bike ________ last year.
A. bought B. has been bought C. was bought D. had been bough
17. Did you see the house that _______ by fire last year?
A. was destroying B. destroyed C. would destroy D. was destroyed
18. It _______ whether she will get her work in the hospital.
A. hasn’t been decided B. isn’t deciding
C. doesn’t decide D. hasn’t decided
19. The pen _______ me. It is hers.
A. isn’t belong to
B. wasn’t belong to
C. doesn’t belong to D. didn’t belong to
20 I can’t use my bike because it _______.
A. is repairing B. is being repaired C. will repair D. was repairing
21. The chairman told the speaker that she ______ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _____.
A. was expected; heard B. had expected; hear
C. had hoped; hear D. was hoped; heard
22．- The window is dirty.
—I know. It _____ for weeks.
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean
C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cl
eaned
23. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _______ in Beijing.
A. would be completed B. was being completed
C. has been completed D. had been completed
24.—How long _______ at this job?
—Since 1990.
A. were you employed B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed D .will you be employed
25.—What happened to the priceless works of art?
—A. They were destroyed in the earthquake
B. The earthquake was destroying them
C. They destroyed in the earthquake
D. The earthquake destroyed them
26. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He ______ trying to save a child in the earthquake.
A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing
27. Rainforests ______and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in
the near future.
A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut
28. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so
rapidly.
A. s changing B. has changed .will have changed D. will change
29. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
30. A new cinema _______ here. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built B. is built
C. has been built D. is being built
三、用适当时态和语态的动词填空
1. Can he ________ (speak) English?
2. What language ________ (speak) in that country?
3. The film ________ (show) many times since last Sunday.
4. These TV sets ________ (make) in SiChuan.
5. It has got so dark. Would you please ________ (turn) on the light?
6. A new hospital ________ (build) in this area now.
7. ________ the book ________ (return).
8. Rice ________ (grow) in the south.
9. The window ________ (not break) by the boy.
10. I ________ (tell) he ________ (not come) just now.
四、将下列句子改为被动语态，并根据情况保留或去掉动作的执行者
1. They will say nothing more about this matter.
2. They have made some flowers of silk.
3. He wrote a poem.
4. The students are planting some trees and flowers.
5. They are to open up a new business next week.
6. Children couldn’t have done all this damage.
7. All of us will see him off at the airport.
8. They feed the tigers at the zoo three times a day.
9. You must hand in your homework before five.
10. People say that she is a good teacher.
五、用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. English ________ (speak) in many countries.
2. Information in short-term memory ________ (can, not, keep) very long.
3. After that, one of the lights _______ (turn off) and the rat had to wait for a short time.
4. Just a few years ago, tomatoes _______ (believe) to have magical powers, making people who ate them fall in love.
5. It is said new copies of the book _______ (print) now.
6. The old house _______ (pull) down next month.
7. In the old days, the children _______ (take care of) by the mother because she did not
work outside the house.
8. Needless to say, the second list of words ___ (can, remember) more easily than the first one.
9. She _______ (send) to another village when I got there.
10. The teacher said that we _________ (give) another chance sometime next month if we
failed in the exam.
参考答案
一、
1.A recorder is often used in our English class.
2.A new film will be shown by then next week.
3.When was the house built by them?
4.The boy was seen to enter the room.
5.Will a new film be shown by them next week?
7.He is often seen to help his classmate.
8.The light must be turned off before you go to bed.
9.Who is the bike being repaired by?
(By whom is the bike being repaired?)
10.All the texts should be learned by heart by the students.
二、
DBCBA ABCBC BDACC BBBBB BDBAB
BBADC BABCB BDACB ADDBA CCABD
三、
1. speak 2. is spoken 3. has been shown 4. are made 5.turn
6. is being built 7.
Has returned 8.is grown 9.wasn’t broken
10.was told didn’t come
四、
1. Nothing more will be said about this matter.
2. Some flowers of silk have been made by them.
3. A poem was written by him.
4. Some trees and flowers are being planted by the students.
5. A new business is to be opened up next week.
6. All this damage couldn’t have been done by children.
7. He will be seen off at the airport by all of us.
8. The tigers at the zoo are fed three times a day (by them).
9. Your homework must be handed in before five (by you).
10. It is said that she is a good teacher. (That she is a good teacher is said by them.)
五、
1. is spoken 2. cannot be kept 3. was turned off 4. were believed
5. are being printed 6. will be pulled 7. were taken care of
8. can be remembered 9. had been sent 10. would be given
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