Can their use be reduced? Modern farming techniques such as soil spectroscopy can accurately measure the nutrient levels in soil, allowing for more targeted use of fertilisers.
But the technology required is expensive, so is unlikely to help farmers in poor countries.
A lower-tech approach would be to use less-intensive farming methods which maintain soil quality, such as crop rotation, tillage that leaves old crop residue behind or “agroforestry” (combining trees with crops in fields).
But these methods take time, effort and foresight, and are neither as quick nor effective as modern fertilisers.
Sri Lanka shows the difficulty of farming without agrichemicals.
这是《经济学人》2022年6月刊的一篇文章'Why fertiliser prices are soaring'第5段，共5句。
1、
{'spectroscopy':'光谱学'}
可以减少对它们的使用吗？像土壤光谱学这样的现代农业技术能够准确的测量土壤中的营养水平，能够更有针对性的使用化肥。
2、
但所需的技术是昂贵的，因此不大可能帮助贫穷国家的农民。
3、
{'rotation':'交替'}
{'tillage':'耕地'}
{'residue':'残留'}
{'agroforestry':'混农林业'}
一种低技术含量的方法就是低集约种植，这种方法可以维持土壤质量，如交替种植农作物，耕地留下旧的庄稼残留物或者“混农林业”（在庄稼地里结合种植树木）。
4、
但是这些方法都需要一定的时间，努力以及前瞻性，并且它们都不能像现代化肥那样快速且高效。
5、
斯里兰卡证明了没有农药的农业是艰难的。
--总结--
【词汇部分】
{'spectroscopy':'光谱学'}
{'rotation':'交替'}
{'tillage':'耕地'}
{'residue':'残留'}
{'agroforestry':'混农林业'}
,
