高考英语语法学习之并列连词和并列句
一．基础知识
1.并列连词连接词， 短语或者分句。
2.并列连词的分类
| 种类 | 主要并列连词 |
| 表示联合关系 | neither…nor, both…and, as well as, not only …but also |
| 表示选择关系 | or, either…or, |
| 表示转折和对比关系 | but, yet , however, while |
| 表示因果关系 | for , so, therefore, |
| 表示条件或者结果 | and, or, |
| 表示递进关系 | Besides, furthermore, moreover. |
3.并列连词的用法
并列连词连接词， 短语， 或者分句。 例如：
My parents will come today or tomorrow.
My parents will come either this week or next week.
My mother will come and my father will also come.
二．并列句
并列句由两个或者两个以上独立分句并列在一起构成， 起基本结构是 分句加并列连词加分句。
在并列句中， 除了使用并列连词以外还可以使用并列连词词组， 或者连接副词来连接分句，有时甚至不用并列连词， 只用逗号. 分号. 冒号等把分句隔开。
常用的并列连词有：and , but , or, for, so , neither, nor …
并列连词词组有：either…or, neither…nor, both…and, as well as, not only…but also…
连接副词有：besides, furthermore, moreover …
1.表示联合关系
常用and , neither…nor, not only…but also 等连词
There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down.
I can neither write songs nor play the guitar.
2.表示选择关系
常用or, either …or 等连词
We cook a dinner together, or we go for a long walk.
…either one of his daughters replaces him as a prisoner in the castle, or he will die. …
3.表示转折和对比关系
常用yet， but， however， while 等
but表示完全转折， 语气较强。 while主要表示对比。 however在使用时必须用逗号把它和句子其他成分隔开。 yet既可以用作并列连词也可以用作连接副词。
Some sports are done indoors, while others are done outdoors.
They wanted to charge ﹩5,000 for the car, but we managed to bring the price down.
In some places women are expected to earn money while men work at home and raise their children.
One can not see wind, however, it does exist.
I’d like to go with you ; however , my hands are full.
The essay is good; it could be improved ,however.
He worked hard, yet he failed .(并列连词)
It is strange, and yet it is true. (连接副词)
4.表示因果关系
常用so， for，therefore等连接词
I didn’t get enough sleep so I didn’t feel very well this morning.
It was raining, therefore we had to stay at home.
He found it increasingly difficult to read , for his eyesight was brginning to fail.
5.表示条件或者结果
常用and或者or等连词
Simply raise your hand , and a taxi appears in no time.
Don’t drive too fast or you will have an accident .
Stand over there and you will see the oil painting better.
You have to move out of the way or the truck can’t get past.
6.表示递进关系
常用besides， furthermore，moreover等连接副词。
Television is entertaining; besides/furthermore/moreover, it is instructive.
注意：
1.包含并列连词的特殊句式。
(1)祈使句，and/or＋主谓结构。
(2)名词短语，and＋主谓结构。
(3).be about to...when...正要……这时突然……
例如：
Climb to the top of the mountain，and you'll get a good view of the city.
Hurry up，or you'll be late.
Another five minutes，and I'll finish the composition.
A few minutes and they went away.
He was about to go out when it began to rain heavily.
2.however，but，while的用法比较。
however另起新句,有逗号与句子隔开。but不需另起新句。while既表示对比，又表转折。
He was ill，but he still kept on working.
What she said sounded reasonable，Mr. Green，however，didn't believe her. 她说得有道理，然而，格林先生就是不信她。
There is plenty of rain in the south while there is little rain in the north. 南方多雨而北方少雨。
3.(1) so不能与because连用。
(2)but，while不与although连用，但yet，still可与although连用
同步练习：
1.Nobody answered the door, ______I left.
2.______he _______ you are right.
3.It is fairly good, _______ it can be better.
4.It’s late; ______ I have to go now.
5.Tom fished all day, ____he didn’t catch anything.
6.Bring the ice to a warm room_____it will soon melt.
7.My father likes music _______my mother likes chatting on line.
8.We listened eagerly, ______ he brought news of our families.
9.Parents should not be too strict; ______ children would always feel nervous.
10.Would you like a cup of tea________ shall we get down to business right away?
11.Bring the flowers into a warm room _____they will sonn open.
12.--------I wonder how much you charge for your services?
--------The first two are free_______ the third costs $30.
13.You have failed two tests. You ‘d better start working harder, _____ you won’t pass the course.
14.Help others whenever you can ______ you will make the world a nice place to live in.
15.Between the two generations, it is often not their age, _____ their education that causes misunderstanding.
16.Reality is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, _____the way they actually are.
17.We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, ______, in fact there were 40.
18.The hurricane damaged many houses and bulidings, _______ it caused 20 deaths.
19.A man can not smile like a child, ______ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone.
20.-------somebody wants you on the phone.
---------________no one knows I am here.
21.Lose one hour in the morning _____ you will be looking for it the rest of the day.
22.The shop doesn’t open until 11a.m, ________it loses a lot of business.
23.You think you are going to chang the world , _______ the world changes you .
24.The book is of great value; ________, nothing can be enjoyed from it until you have a deep understanding of it.
25.I am sorry to have to say this, ______ you didn’t do your duty to clear up the dormitory yesterday.
26.Find ways to praise your children often，_____you'll find they will open their hearts to you.
27. It is often said that the joy of traveling is ________ in arriving at your destination ________in the journey itself.
28. Bill wasn't happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and ________ was I.
29．Another word ________I'll knock you flat!
30．Don't give it up halfway，________ you'll regret what you
do today.
参考答案
同步练习：
13.Nobody answered the door, ___so___I left.
14.__Either____he __or_____ you are right.
15.It is fairly good, ____yet___ it can be better.
16.It’s late; ____therefore__ I hve to go now.(此处最佳答案为therefore,用so的话不能用分号。)
17.Tom fished all day, __but__he didn’t catch anything.
18.Bring the ice to a warm room___and__it will soon melt.
19.My father likes music __while_____my mother likes chatting on line.
20.We listened eagerly, ___for___ he brought news of our families.
21.Parents should not be too strict; __otherwise____ children would always feel nervous.
22.Would you like a cup of tea___or_____ shall we get down to business right away?
23.Bring the flowers into a warm room _and____they will sonn open.
24.--------I wonder how much you charge for your services?
--------The first two are free____while___ the third costs $30.
13.You have failed two tests. You ‘d better start working harder, __or___ you won’t pass the course.
14.Help others whenever you can __and____ you will make the world a nice place to live in.
15.Between the two generations, it is often not their age, _but____ their education that causes misunderstanding.
16.Reality is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, __but___the way they actually are.
17.We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, __while____, in fact there were 40.
18.The hurricane damaged many houses and bulidings, __besides_____ it caused 20 deaths.
19.A man can not smile like a child, __for____ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone.
20.-------somebody wants you on the phone.
---------___But_____no one knows I am here.
21.Lose one hour in the morning __and___ you will be looking for it the rest of the day.
22.The shop doesn’t open until 11a.m, _so_______it loses a lot of business.
23.You think you are going to chang the world , __but_____ the world changes you .
24.The book is of great value; ___however_____, nothing can be enjoyed from it until you have a deep understanding of it.
25.I am sorry to have to say this, _but_____ you didn’t do your duty to clear up the dormitory yesterday.
26.Find ways to praise your children often，__and___you'll find they will open their hearts to you.
27. It is often said that the joy of travelling is ____not____ in arriving at your destination _____but___in the journey itself.
28. Bill wasn't happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and __neither______ was I.
29．Another word ______and__I'll knock you flat!
30．Don't give it up halfway，____or____ you'll regret what you
do today.
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