概念:在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。
功能:相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
学习名词从句要加以注意的:
1. whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意,(即引导宾语从句时if和whether可以互换)。
It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis.
以下几种名词从句要用whether(不用if)引导:
(1)引导主语从句,且在句首时。例:Whether he has won the tennis is not known.
(2)引导表语从句时。例:The problem is whether he can get a job.
(3)引导同位语从句时。例:I have no idea whether he will come.
(4)介词后的whether从句。例:I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
2. 位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。例:That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.
3. 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…+that从句”结构中,that从句谓语有时用(should)do这样的虚拟语气形式。
例:It is suggested that we (should) improve the relations between us.
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.
4. 在“The reason why…is that…”句式中that不要误为because.
例:The reason why he didn’t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.
5. 名词从句中that,what用法比较:
引导名词从句的that是连词,在句中无成份,无意义,而what是连接代词,what=the thing(s) that.
例如: All I ask is that you should tell the truth
.He is not what he used to be.= He is not the person that he used to be.
6. where在名词从句中的使用特点:
where在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where”,有时可以变为“介词+the place where” 形式。例如:
主从:Where(=the place where)she has gone is still unknown.
宾从:Would you please tell me where(=the place where) Mr Smith lives?
表从:Your dictionary remains where(=in/at the place where)you put.
同位从:Have you any idea where(=of the place where) she is spending her holidays?
7. 无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如:
I know where he lives.
Please tell me what her name is.
当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序(即“主+谓+(宾)”或“主+系+表”结构),将其变为间接引语(即宾语从句)时,无需改变语序。例如:
What's the matter with him?
She asked me what was the matter with him.
Who looks after your grandfather?
He asked me who looked after my grandfather.
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