原创 李陆桂
2020-04-28
【编者按】为什们很多老师对“大道理”有厌恶感？因为那些“道理”太大、太抽象、太空洞，无骨无肉，不能解决教学中的实际问题。相反，老师们比较喜欢教学上的“点子”和“小技巧”，因为它们接地气，很具体，一学就会。教学上的“点子”即英语的“technique”,对提高教学效益是有很大帮助的，我们不要小看。教学上的“点子”程序和步骤简单，因此易学，可操作性强。
由于工作关系，我每年都要听大量的英语课。听课的时候，教学上的“点子”是我关注的内容之一，以便传递给其他老师学习。
【案例描述】
2018年我到河北省一所高中参观学习，有幸听了一节高三英语复习课。这节课给我印象深刻，原因是执教教师复习词汇的方式与众不同。他是这么做的：
- 首先在黑板上列出本节课要复习的重点词汇，分三组给学生进行训练；
- 然后，教师口头说出包含有这些词汇的句子；
- 接着，让学生或个人，或集体跟着教师说这些句子；
- 最后，学生分组用黑板上的词汇，通过查阅词典造句，小组选出代表展示所造的句子。
【妙在何处？】
1.“单词放在句子里，又会用来又易记。”教师突出词汇学习和复习的语境化，这是很有效的词汇教学方法；
2.精心组合要复习的词汇，帮助学生构建词汇的网络。例如：教师把“include”“including”归为一组；把“decide”“decision”“determined”“determination”列为一组；把“excite”“excited”“exciting”“excitement”分为一组，最大限度地强化了词汇的记忆与活用；
3.通过让学生口头跟着念的方式培养学生的语感，强化记忆。这种诵读方式与语言大师林语堂先生倡导的理念不谋而合：“英语学习唯一的正轨，不出熟诵与仿效。”
4.让学生分组造句，并在课堂上展示句子，凸显“Learning by doing”的教学理念。合作学习，与人分享，按照“金字塔学习理论”是很能够促进学习之后的保留率的。
5.“有声音”是语言的一个重大特征，教师通过简单具体的步骤使词汇复习与口语训练有机融合，促进学生对语言保持良好的感觉;
6.这节课老师几乎没有说一句汉语，是一节有味道的英语课。
7.教师的例句很妙，地道，学生造的句子也很精彩。我们仔细品味之后会发现这么一个道理：课堂语言、训练的内容其“性价比”很重要。
执教这节课的教师一定记不得我了，但他的课给我的印象极为深刻。
Group One
教师要求学生跟着诵读，起示范作用的例句：
Include
including
The price includes breakfast and service charge in extra.
I’ve got three day’s holiday including New Year’s Day.
学生通过查词典，自主造句，在课堂上展示的句子：
The tour party included several retired teachers.
To do so is to change everything, including yourself.
Group Two
教师要求学生跟着诵读，起示范作用的例句：
decide
decision
determined
determination
It is the people who decide the fate of mankind.
His decision to quit the job surprised us all.
Amazed at how skilful they were, I was determined to be just as good.
She gave me a determined look.
If you have the courage and determination,you will finally get what you want.
学生通过查词典，自主造句，在课堂上展示的句子：
It was eventually decided that he should be sent to hospital immediately.
What is your final decision?
The policeman was determined to find out who was responsible for the accident.
The library was closed down despite determined opposition.
Her determination to go to college made her keep on studying.
Group Three
教师要求学生跟着诵读，起示范作用的例句：
excite
excited
exciting
excitement
The museum offers a wide variety of activities to excite the children’s interest.
I was excited at the thought of the trip to Hong Kong.
The marathon is an exciting event in any year.
When their wish came true, they cheered in excitement.
学生通过查词典，自主造句，在课堂上展示的句子：
The news that their daughter was admitted to the famous university excited the parents.
John’s flying home tomorrow ---we’re all very excited.
I found the atmosphere of the school exciting.
Her eyes were shining with excitement.
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