动词时态二
【真题再现】
1. — I called you yesterday evening, but nobody answered. (2014 丹东)
— Oh, _________ at that time.
A. I’m cooking B. I cooked C. I cook D. I was cooking
2. — Beibei, is Mr. Chen in the office? (2014 龙岩)
— No. He _______ for half an hour.
A. left B. has left C. has been away
3. Susan and Lily _______ tomatoes and other vegetables on the farm this time yesterday. (2014 上海)
A. pick B. are picking C. will pick D. were picking
4. By the end of last week, she _______ in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children. (2014 上海)
A. will stay B. has stayed C. would stay D. had stayed
5. — Have you finished using my dictionary? (2014 十堰)
—Yes, I put it back on your desk just now. Who ________ it away?
A. will take B. is taking C. took D. has taken
6. — Is Miss Green in the office?
— No, she _________ to the library. (2014 武汉)
A. goes B. had goes C. has gone D. would go
7. Look! Some visitors _________ for the bus over there. (2015 西宁)
A．are waiting B．is waiting C．waiting D．wait
8. My grandparents _________ in that city since 2008. (2015 北京)
A. will live B. live C. have lived D. were living
9. So far, the AIIB（亚投行）_______ 57 countries to be the founding members.(2015 福州)
A. attracted B. has attracted C. will attract
10. — Look! Someone ________ the icebox back to the corner. (2015 厦门)
— Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.
A. has moved B. is moving C. was moving
11. Paula is pleased that she _________ her lost watch.(2015 河北)
A．finds B．found C．has found D．will find
12. I heard a new song on the radio. I _________ high and low in the music store, but I can’t find the song.(2015 河南)
A. search B. have searched C. am searching D. will search
13．— Helen, when did you move here?
— I ________ here since two years ago．(2015 南通)
A．moved B．lived C．have moved D．have lived
14．Tim Cook called his mother every week even while he _______ around the world.
(2015 临沂)
A．was traveling B．is traveling C．traveled D．travels
15. — Our classmates went to a concert yesterday afternoon.(2015 泰安)
— What a pity! I _________ my homework.
- had done B. was doing C. am doing D. would do
16. I scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. (2015杭州)
A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be
17. I _________ with my parents when he rang me up yesterday afternoon. (2015 兰州)
A. am shopping B. am shoping C. was shopping D. was shoping
18. — Ben and Sue aren’t home, are they? (2015 南昌)
— No. They ________ to London on business.
A. have gone B. go C. have been D. will go
【答案与解析】
1. D。句意：——昨天晚上我打电话给你了，但是没有人接听，——哦，那时候我正在做饭。过去进行时，表示过去某一具体时刻正在做的事，当时正在做饭，所以用D。
2. C。本句句意为：贝贝，陈先生在办公室吗？——没有，他一个小时出去了。因为题中说道 “一个小时前出去了”，所以到目前为止为延续性动词，故选C。
3. D。句意：Susan和Lily昨天这个时候正在农场摘西红柿和其他蔬菜。由题干中的this time yesterday可知应用过去进行时，故答案为D项。
4. D。句意：到上周末，她已经在中国西部帮助无家可归的儿童两个月了。由题干中的by the end of last week和for two months可知应用过去完成时，had 过去分词，表示“过去的过去”，故答案为D项。
5. D。本句意为：你用完我的字典了吗？——嗯，刚才我把它放在你的桌子上了，谁把它拿走了？由句意可知现在应该是过去完成时，故选答案D。
6. C。句意：— 格林老师在办公室吗？—不在，她去图书馆了。由语境可知她去图书馆了，现在还没回来，故选C项。
7. A。由 “Look!” 可知，应用现在进行时；“some visitors”作主语，谓语动词应用复数形式，故选A。
8. C。句意：自从2008年我的祖父就住在那个城市。根据时间状语since 2008可知用现在完成时，故选C。
9. B。根据标志性状语so far可知，此题考查现在完成时，句意为：到目前为止，亚投行已经吸纳了57个国家作为创始会员国。
10. A。本题考查现在完成时，句意为“瞧，有人把冰柜搬回到了墙角”，根据答语可知前一句的动作已经完成，故选A。
11. C。句意为：Paula非常高兴。她找到了丢失的手表。动作find发生在过去，且对现在造成了一定的影响，应用现在完成时。故选C。
12. B。句意：我在收音机上听到了一首新歌。我在音乐商店里到处搜寻，但我找不到这首歌。search 搜查，搜寻； have searched是现在完成时的形式；am searching是现在进行时的形式；will search是一般将来时的形式。根据语境该用现在完成时，所以选B。
13. D。move是瞬时动词；live是延续性动词。由“since two years ago”可知，应用现在完成时；由句意“我从两年前起就住在这儿”可知，应用延续性动词。故选D。
14. A。句意为：Tim Cook每周都给他妈妈打电话，甚至在周游世界的时候也一样。主句是一般过去时态，由此可知，while引导的从句是指过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，故应该用过去进行时，过去进行时的结构为：was／were 动词的现在分词，故选A。
15. B。句意：——昨天下午我们的同班同学参加了音乐会。——多么的遗憾，我一直在做作业。结合语境可知我昨天下午一直在写作业，故用过去进行时，故选B。
16. C。 此题考查现在完成时态，句意为“自从我在5岁时被狗伤害过以后，我就一直怕狗”，表示“某个动作从过去发生一直持续到现在”，故选C。
17. C。句意：昨天下午他给我打电话时，我正和父母一起买东西。一个过去动作发生时，另一个过去动作正在发生。过去正在发生的动作用过去进行时态。shop是重读闭音节，变成现在分词要双写p再加ing。故选C。
18. A。句意：——本和苏不在家，是不是？——是的，他们去伦敦出差了。have gone去了，没有回来； go（经常）去；have been去过，回来了；will go要去。从句意可知：他们去伦敦出差未回，故用have gone to，选A。
【用法讲解】
考试要求：
英语的动词的时态共有十六种，但是中考常考的主要有八种，一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去将来时，过去完成时等时态的构成和用法，而且前五种是考查重点，现在完成时尤其是时态考查的重点，也是难点。本节主要讲述一下现在完成时，过去将来时、过去进行时和过去完成时。
1. 现在完成时
现在完成时的构成：
主语 have/has 动词的过去分词
例如：I have watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了。
We have lived here since 2008. 自从2008年我就住在这里。
现在完成时的用法：
（1）表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果，常用的状语有already, yet, not… yet, now, just, by this time等。
例如：The bus has come here. 公共汽车已经来了。
Someone has cleaned the window. 有人已经擦了窗户。
（2）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作。常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如this week, these days, so far, in the past few days, since the end of last year, for a long time等。
例如：
We have been here for two years. 我们在这里两年了。
注意：
（1）buy，borrow，die等非延续性动词（也称为瞬间动词）的肯定形式一般不能和表示一段时间的for短语及since短语（或从句）连用，这时要用相应的动词代替这些非延续性动词。例如：
I have bought the bike for two years. (×)
I have had the bike for two years. (√)
由于buy是瞬间动词，无法延续两年，所以改为延续性动词had。
瞬间动词与延续动词的转换：
buy—have stop—be over leave—be away come back—be back
borrow—keep die—be dead begin—be on fall asleep—be asleep
arrive—be here get up—be up join—be in／be a member
例如：
They borrowed the book two weeks ago. → They have kept the book for two weeks．
A month has passed since he left home.→ He has been away from home for a month.
（2）注意以下表示法的含义及用法：
have been (to): 曾经去过或到过（某地）（表示某人过去的经历）
have gone (to)：去（某地）了 （现在可能在途中或已经到达某地）
have been in… 一段时间: 已呆在某地一段时间了
例如：
He has been to Hangzhou several times. 他到过杭州几次了。
He has gong to Hangzhou, so he can’t help us. 他去杭州了，所以他不可能帮助我们。
She has been in London for half a year. 她在伦敦已经半年了。
（3）现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：
现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等，所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：
—Have you seen the film?
—Yes, I have. (表示结果：已经看过了，因此了解了这部电影)
—When did you see it?
—I saw it last Sunday. (表示事实：过去做的一件事的时间)
He has taught this class for two years. （现在仍教着，或者刚刚停止）
He taught this class for two years. （过去教过）
2. 过去进行时：
过去进行时的用法：
表示说话的过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。这一特定时间除了有上下文暗示外，经常和表示过去时间的状语then，a moment ago，at this time yesterday，at ten last night，at that time/ moment等连用。
例如：—What were you doing at this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你正在做什么？
—I was cooking with my mother. 我正和我妈妈一起做饭。
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别：
A. 过去进行时表某一行为的“片断”,一般过去时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态。
I was reading the book at that time. (未读完，“读”的片段)
I read the book yesterday. (已读完，表整个“读”)
B. 过去进行时多与一段持续的时间状语连用。 It was raining all night 整个晚上在下雨。He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. 他整个下午在写信。
C. while引导的时间状语从句常用进行时。 He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down.
他在跳上跳下的过程中弄坏了椅子。
D．while 所在主从句动作持续相等时间时，主从句一般都用进行时；如果两个动作一长一短时，经常是短的用一般过去时，长的用过去进行时。
I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano.
他在弹钢琴时我在做饭。
I saw him while I was walking to the station.
我在去往车站时看见了他。
.3. 过去完成时的用法：
过去完成时和现在完成时的用法基本相似，表示某个动作在过去的某个时间之前已经完成，即“过去的过去”。现在完成时以现在为基准，而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻为基准。
1. 过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。在强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。
例如：I had finished my homework before you came here.
在你来这里之前我已经完成我的家庭作业。
He said that he had seen you before.
他说他以前见过你。
2. 过去完成时词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续 或将继续下去。
例如：The bus had already left by the time I got there.
在我到达那里之前，公共汽车已经开走了。
By six o’clock they had worked for eight hours.
不迟于六点钟他们已经工作八个小时了。
3. 在含有间接引语的宾语从句中，主句经常是一般过去时，从句常用过去完成时。
例如：He told me that he had already seen the film.
他告诉我他已经看过那部电影了。
4. 过去将来时的用法：
（1）表示过去某一时间看将来发生的动作或存在的状态。常用在宾语从句中，由would 动词原形构成。
例如：They said they would come the next day. 他们说第二天就回来。
（2）表示曾经打算或准备做的动作，were/was 动词原形构成。
例如：Your father said he was going to visit your school next week.
你爸爸说他下个星期要到你的学校参观。
I thought it was going to rain. 我认为要下雨了。
（3）go，come，leave，arrive，start等动词，其过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。
He said he was coming this evening. 他说他今晚要来。
【巩固练习】
I.单项选择。
1. —I can’t find Ted for three days. Where is he?
—He _______ Beijing for a meeting.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to
2. She_____ her hometown for many years. No one nearly knows her.
A. has been away from B. has left C. had left
3. —When and where to spend the holiday _______ yet.
—Let’s make it now.
A. is decided B. doesn’t decide C. has not been decided D. has decided
4．Don’t talk here. Grandparents ________.
A. sleep B. slept C. are sleeping D. were sleeping
5．We ________ in the same school since three years ago.
A. study B. were studying C. will study D. have studied
6．Kate ________ on the phone when Jason entered the room.
A．talk B．talked C．is talking D．was talking
7．I ________ mountain climbing with my friends if I’m free this weekend.
A．will go B．go C．went D．have gone
8．My grandma ________ dinner when I got home yesterday.
A．cooks B．will cook C．is cooking D．was cooking
9．I will call you as soon as I ________ the tickets to the movie Harry PotterⅦ.
A．get B．got C．will get D．am getting
10. —Your English is good.
—Thank you. I it for three years.
A. learn B. learn C. have learned D. had learned
11．My life ________ a lot since the beginning of Grade Nine.
A．will change B．was changing C．has changed D．had changed
12. Li Ming said he _______happy if Brian _______ to China next month.
A. as; come B. was; would come C. would be; came D. will be; come
13．If it ________ tomorrow, we won’t go to the park.
A．rained B. rains C．will rain D. raining
14. —The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn’t arrived yet.—Well, he said he _____here on time.A. came B. would come C. can be D. will be
15．The other day I ______ a letter from my uncle.
A．got B．will got C．have got D．get
16. — What had happened over there?
— I don’t know. By the time I got there, all the people ________ off.
A．had run B．have run C．were running
17. As soon as the baby saw her mother, she ________.A .was going to cry B. cried C. began to cry D. was crying
18. —Where is your father?
—He_________ Australia and he ________ Sydney for two weeks.
A. has been to; has been in B. has gone to; has been in
C. has been in; has been to D. has gone to; has been to
19. Jenny _____in the chicken when you called her at 5 o’clock this afternoon.
A. is cooking B. was cooking C. cooks D. cooked
20. —You were not in when I went there yesterday.
—Oh, I _______ for a friend from England at the airport at that moment.
A. had waited B. was waiting C. am waiting D. have waited
II.用所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子。
1. While we ______ (wait) for the bus, a girl ______ (run) up to us.2. I ______ (telephone) a friend when Bob ______ (come) in.3. She said the bus _______(leave) at five the next morning.4. We ______ (test) the new machine when the electricity ______ (go) off.5. She ______ (not want) to stay in bed while the others ______ (all, work) in the fields.6. I wasn't sure whether he _______(lend) me his book the next morning.7. Whenever she had time, she ______(help) them in their work.
8. Even when she ______ (be) a child she _______ (already, think) of becoming a ballerina.III. 按照括号的要求完成句子。
1. They have been here since 2000 . (对划线部分提问)
__________ have they been here?
2. The old man _________last year. He________ for a year.(用die的正确形式填空)
3. This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句)
This factory _________ for twenty years.
4. The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同义句）
_________ two years________ the Green family moved to France.
5. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （合并句子，句意不变）
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