––First Speech as Prime Minister to House of Commons
May,1940
I beg to move (动议)，
That this House welcomes the formation(组成）of a Govenment representing the united and inflexible resolve（决心）of the nation to prosecute(进行）the war with Germany to a victorious conclusion.
Mr.Speaker,
On Friday evening last I received His Majesty's(国王陛下） commission(委托）to form a new Administration(政府）.It was the evident wish and will of Parliament(议会）and the nation that this should be conceived(构想，设想）on the broadest possible basis and that it should include all parties , both those who supported the late Government and also the parties of the Opposition.I have completed the most important part of this task. A War Cabinet(战时内阁）has been formed of five Members, representing, with the Leaders Opposition(反对党）,the unity(团结）of the nation. The three party Leaders have agreed to serve, either in the War Cabinet or in high executive(行政的）office. The three Fighting Services have been filled. It was necessary that this should be done in one single day, on account of(由于) the extreme urgency and rigor(严峻) of events. A number of other key positions were filled yesterday , and I am submitting a further list to His Majesty tonight, I hope to complete the appointment(任命) of the principal(主要的) Ministers during tomorrow. The appointment of the other Ministers usually takes a little longer, but I trust that, when Parliament meets again, this part of my task will be completed, and that the administration will be complete in all respects(在各个方面).
So I considered it in the public interest to suggest that the House should be summoned(召集） to meet today. Mr. Speaker agreed, and took the necessary steps, in accordance with(根据) the powers conferred(授予）upon him by the Resolution(决议） of the House. At the end of the proceedings (议程）today, the Adjournment(休会）of the House will be proposed until Tuesday, 21st May, with, of course, provision(准备） for earlier meeting, if need be. The business to be considered during that week will be notified(通知) to Members at the earliest opportunity. I now invite the House, by the Resolution which stands in my name. to record its approval of the steps taken and to declare its confidence(信任) in the new Government.
So to form an Administration of this scale(规模 ) and complexity is a serious undertaking(任务) in itself , but it must be remembered that we are in the preliminary( 初步的) stage of one of the greatest battles in history, that we are in action at many points in Norway and in Holland, that we have to be prepared in the Mediterranean （地中海）,that the air battle is continuous and that many preparations have to be made here at home. In this crisis I hope I may be pardoned(原谅) if I do not address(发表演说) the House at any length today. I hope that any of my friends and colleagues, who are affected by the political reconstruction( 重组）, will make all allowances( 体谅), for any lack of ceremony(礼节) with which it has been necessary to act. I would say to the House, as I said to those who have joined this government:“I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.”
We have before us an ordeal(严峻的考验) of the most grievous(严重的) kind. We have before us many , many long months of struggle and of suffering(痛苦). You ask, what is our policy? I will say: it is to wage(进行)war, by sea, land and air, with all our might( 力量) and with all the strength that God can give us;to wage war against a monstrous（凶暴的)tyranny(专制)，never surpassed( 超越) in the dark, lamentable(可悲的）catalogue of human crime. That is our policy. You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word: victory, victory at all costs, vIctor in spite of all terror, victory, however long and hard the road may be; for without victory, there is no survival. Let that be realized;no survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge and impulse( 驱动力) of the ages, that mankind will move forward towards its goal. But I take up my task with buoyancy(愉快) and hope. I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men. At this time I feel entitled(有权) to claim the aid of all, and I say,“Come then,let us go forward together with our united strength.”
热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水——就任首相后在议会 下院的首次演说
1940年5月
我请求通过如下决议:
议会下院欢迎新政府的成立，本届政府代表了全国上下团结一致、不可动摇的决心
——对德作战，直至胜利。
议长先生:
上周五晚上,我接受了国王陛下的委托,组织新一届政府。新政府应该尽可能建立在最广泛的基础上，应该包括所有的政党，既有支持上届政府的政党，也有上届政府的反对党,很显然,这是议会和国家的希望与意愿。我已经完成了这项任务的最重要部分。战时内阁已经成立,有五位内阁成员,他们同反对党自由党一起代表了全国上下的团结一致。三党领导人已经同意,或加入战时内阁，或担任高级行政职务。陆海空军三部大臣已经确定。由于事态严峻，极其紧迫,仅用一天时间完成这项任务，是必要的。许多其他重要职位已经在昨天任命。今晚，我将向国王陛下呈交补充名单。我希望明天能够完成对主要大臣的任命。虽然其他大臣的任命通常需要更多一些时间,但我相信，议会再次开会时，我将完成这项任务,新一届政府在各个方面都将完整无缺。
我认为，建议下院召集全体议员今天开会符合公众的利益。议长先生同意了这个建议，并根据下院决议赋予他的权力,采取了必要措施。今天的议程结束以后，建议下院休会至5月21日,星期二，当然，如有必要，预备提前复会。下周会议的议题将尽早通知全体议员。现在，我请求下院批准根据我提出的决议而采取的各项措施,将其记录在案，并宣布下院对新一届政府的信任。
组成具有如此规模和复杂性的一届政府,本身就是一项艰巨的任务。但是我们一定要记住，我们正处在历史上最伟大的战争之一的初始阶段，我们正在挪威和荷兰的许多地方作战，我们必须在地中海战区做好准备，空战仍在继续,许多战备工作必须在国内完成。在这危急关头，我希望你们原谅我今天没有在下院做长篇演说。我希望在这次政府改组中受到影响的朋友们、同事们以及昔日的同僚们谅解在所难免的礼节不周。我要在下院表态，正如我曾对参加本届政府的成员所说的那样:“我没有什么可以奉献的，唯有热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水。”
我们正面临一场极为严峻的考验。我们将面临许多许多漫长的斗争和苦难的岁月。你们问:我们的政策是什么?我的回答是，我们的政策就是战斗,在海上、在陆地、在空中战斗,尽我们所能，用上帝赋予我们的全部力量战斗;同一个在黑暗、悲惨的人类罪恶史上最穷凶极恶的暴政进行斗争。这就是我们的政策。你们问:我们的目标是什么?我可以用一个词来回答:胜利——不惜—— 切代价去赢得胜利，不畏一切恐惧去赢得胜利,不惧道路多么遥远、艰辛,去赢得胜利;因为没有胜利，就没有生存。我们必须认识到这一点:没有胜利就没有英帝国的存在，没有胜利就没有英帝国所代表的一切，没有胜利就没有世代相传、推动人类奋勇前进的动力。但是我心情愉快、信心满怀地接受了我的任务。我深信，我们的事业不会遭受失败，人们不会袖手旁观。此时此刻，我认为我有权要求得到所有人的支持，我要说:“来吧，让我们齐心协力,共同前进。
历史背景1940年5月8日，英国前首相张伯伦由于遭到不信任质疑动议，被迫辞职。5月10日下午6时，国王召见已是65岁高龄的丘吉尔，今其组阁;丘吉尔请张伯伦担任下院领袖兼枢密院长，并会见工党领袖艾德礼，邀请工党加入内阁。同一天，希特勒向比利时、法国和荷兰发动了毁灭性的闪击战。3天后，丘吉尔首次以首相身份出席议会下院会议,发表了著名的讲话《热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水》。当他结束演讲后,议会中先是出现了片刻令人惊讶的寂静,继而爆发出极其罕见的、经久不息的热烈掌声。议会下院最终以381票对0票的绝对优势表明了对丘吉尔政府的支持。对于由保守党和工党五人组成的战时内阁，丘吉尔后来在《第二次世界大战回忆录》中写道:“如果我们不能打赢这场战争，应当被送到伦敦塔山斩首的，就只是这五个人。其余的人要被处分的话，那只是因为他们掌管的部门有所失职，而不是因为他们制定了政府的政策。”
后来随着这篇演讲向全世界进行了广播,丘吉尔振奋了英国人民乃至全世界反法西斯战士的精神,因为这篇演讲向所有人传递了一个明确的信息:英国将誓死战斗!丘吉尔的铮铮誓言一“I have nothing tooffer but blood, toil,tears and sweat,”“我没有什么可以奉献的，唯有热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水。”亦如他的雪茄一样成为人们心目中丘吉尔永恒的标志。
演讲赏析丘吉尔是一位极富演讲才能的人,他的这篇演说词被认为是演讲中的经典之作,不但体现了他的语言特色，如排比句式的使用，也体现了丘吉尔将带领全国人民奋战到底、取得胜利的勇气和决心。在这篇演说中，丘吉尔首先向议会下院汇报了新政府组阁的进展情况，继而解释了紧急召开下院会议的必要性和紧迫性，在分析了新政府所面临的严峻形势之后，丘吉尔对未来的战斗和胜利进行了展望并号召全国上下，团结一心，共同前进。
丘吉尔十分注意选择措辞。他在演说中反复强调了团结的问题,使用了“the evident wish and will of Parliament and the nation”、 “the broadest possible basis”、“all parties”、“the unity of the nation”、“the aid of all"、“go forward together”、“united strength”等 表达方式，以唤起听众的情感共鸣,鼓励人们团结一致、同心协力抗敌。在陈述当前的严峻形势时，他使用了“the extreme urgency”、“rigor of events"、 “an ordeal of the most grievous kind”等表述。在对希特勒的法西斯主义进行谴责时，丘吉尔使用了“a monstrous tyranny, never surpassed in the dark,lamentable catalogue of human crime"”等感情色彩强烈的措辞，以激起听众同仇敌忾的情绪和奋战到底的决心。
丘吉尔在演说中使用了设问句式，自问自答,回答了人们可能对新政府产生的疑问，阐述了新政府的政策和目标。如，“You ask,what is our policy? I will say:it is to wage war,by sea, land and air,with all our might and with all the strength that God can give us; to wage war against a monstrous tyranny, never surpassed in the dark, lamentable catalogue of human crime.”你们问:我们的政策是什么?我的回答是，我们的政策就是战斗，在海上、在陆地、在空中战斗，尽我们所能，用上帝赋予我们的全部力量战斗;同一个在黑暗、悲惨的人类罪恶史上最穷凶极恶的暴政进行斗争。”“You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word:victor...”“你们问:我们的目标是什么?我可以用一个词来回答:胜利.....
丘吉尔还多次使用排比向式，气势磅礴，掷地有声。例如，他连用五个由“that”引导的宾语从句构成排比句式将新政府面对的严峻形势一一展现并加以强调，“... but it must be remembered that we are in the preliminary stage of one of the greatest battles in history,that we are inaction at many points in Norway and in Holland, that we have to beprepared in the Mediterranean, that the air battle is continuous and thatmany preparations have to be made here at home.”“但是我们一定要记住，我们正处在历史上最伟大的战争之一的初始阶段，我们正在挪威和荷兰的许多地方作战，我们必须在地中海地区做好准备，空战仍在继续，许多战备工作必须在国内完成。”又如,他连用三个排比句式分析战败的严重后果,“no survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge and impulse ofthe ages...”“没有胜利就没有英帝国的存在，没有胜利就没有英帝国所代表的一切,没有胜利就没有世代相传、推动人类奋勇前进的动力。”
丘吉尔在这篇演说中还多次通过词、词组或近义词的重复起到强调的作用，如，“We have before us many, many long months of struggleand of suffering.”“我们将面临许多许多漫长的斗争和苦难的岁月。”“with all our might and with all the strength that God can give us"尽我们所能，用上帝赋予我们的全部力量”“the urge and impulse of theages""世代相传、推动人类奋勇前进的动力”。尤其是在谈及新政府的目标时，丘吉尔重复了“victory”一词五次，“victory, vietory at all costs,victory in spite of all terror, victory, however long and hard the road may be; for without victory, there is no survival.”“胜利一不 惜一切代价去赢得胜利,不畏一切恐惧去赢得胜利，不惧道路多么遥远、艰辛，去赢得胜利;因为没有胜利,就没有生存。”表达了必胜的信念和决心，铿锵有力，撼动人心。
禁二改和转载,
