Lesson 10 Not for jazz
不适于演奏爵士乐
First listen and then answer the question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What happened to the clavichord?
古钢琴发生了什么？
We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.
我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是1681年德国造的。我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。我们家有这件乐器已经很久了， 是我祖父在很多年以前买的。可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。我父亲大为吃惊，不许我们再动它。父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。
本文语法：被动语态
语法归纳：主动语态：主语为动作的发出者。
被动语态：主语为动作的承受者，谓语动词为"be 过去分词"。
五种常用时态的被动语态：
1)一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are done
2)一般过去式的被动语态：was/were done
3)一般将来时的被动语态：will be done
4)完成时的被动语态：has/have/had been done
5)进行时的被动语态：be being done
精讲笔记：
1.We have an old musical instrument.
我们有一个古乐器。
2.It is called a clavichord.
它被叫做古钢琴。
语言点 call的用法：
1)call sb. sth.把某人叫做……
2)sb./sth.be called(被动语态)
语言点2 call的常用短语：
1)call on拜访，看望：I shall call on my teacher tomorrow.明天我将去看望我的老师。
2)call off(=cancel,delete)取消：The next outdoor meeting has been called off.下次的户外会议被取消了。
3)call for需要，要求;值得：The occasion calls for a cool head.这种场合需要冷静的头脑。
4)call up(=call upon)召集，动员，拜访：We called up all students on the playground.我们把所有的学生都召集到操场上。
5)call one's name叫某人的名字
6)call one's name(=say "F" words)说脏话
3.It was made in Germany in 1681.
这是一架1681年在德国制造的古钢琴。
语言点 was made为过去时的被动语态。
语言点 句型结构"be made 介词短语"
1)be made in somewhere在……地方制造
2)be made of由……制造(能看出原材料)：The bridge is made of wood.这座桥是用木头造的。
3)be made from由……制造(看不出原材料)：The beer is made from malt, hop and water.啤酒是麦芽、啤酒花和水酿制而成的。
4)be made into被制成了……：This diamond was made into a ring.这颗钻石被制成了一枚戒指。
5)be made by sb.被某人制造：That nice wood chair was made by my uncle.那把精美的木椅子是我叔叔做的。
精讲笔记：
4.Our clavichord is kept in the living-room.
我们的古钢琴被摆放在客厅里。
语言点 is kept为现在时的被动语态：“现在被保存在……”
语言点 有关房屋的表达：attic阁楼;living room客厅;hall门厅;aisle过道;bedroom卧室;bathroom浴室;kitchen厨房;basement地下室;garage车库;storeroom储藏室
5.It has belong to our family for a long time.
我们家拥有这件乐器已经很久了。
语言点 belong to的用法：
1)属于;为……财产：That book belongs to me.那本书属于我。
2)成为……的一员：Which fishing club do you belong to?你是哪家钓鱼俱乐部的成员?
语言点2 for a long time表示“很长一段时间”，往往表示一段时间，经常和完成时态搭配使用。
6.The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago.
这件乐器是我祖父多年前买的。
语言点 many years ago决定了句子的时态为一般过去时，...ago作时间状语句子往往用一般过去时，而since则常常出现在完成时态中。
精讲笔记：
7.Recently it was damaged by a visitor.
最近，古钢琴被一个客人损坏了。
语言点 visitor指“游客，观光者，访问者”：Visitor Not Admittted谢绝参观
8.She tried to play jazz on it!
她竟然用古钢琴来演奏爵士乐。
语言点 1)play sth. on 乐器表示在何种乐器上演奏某种音乐;
2)play the 乐器表示演奏何种乐器。
9.She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken.
她用劲太大以至于把其中的两根弦都弄断了。
语言点 比较学习：too, very
1)too表示“太，过于”：The scenery is too beautiful for words.风景美得无法形容。/You walkedtoo quickly.你走得实在是太快了。
2)very表示“非常，很”(在合理的范围内)：She was very hurt by her boyfriend's unkindwords.她男朋友说的那些难听的话，让她很伤心。
精讲笔记：
10.My father was shocked.
我父亲非常吃惊。
语言点 shocked既可作形容词，意为“感到震惊的”，也是动词过去分词，用于被动语态，意为“被震惊”。
I was very much shocked at what I saw.眼前的情景让我大为震惊。
11.Now we are not allowed to touch it.
现在，我们谁也不许再碰一下古钢琴。
12.It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.
我父亲的一个朋友正在修复这架古钢琴。
语言点1 It is being repaired by...为典型的现在进行时的被动语态。
语言点2 名词的双重所有格结构：of -'s
a friend of my mother's我母亲的一个朋友
a picture of Lynn's林恩的一张照片
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