高中英语定语从句专项语法填空
定语从句
[语境中体悟用法]
朗读下面短文，体会、领悟加黑单词为哪类关系词，在从句中充当什么成分，修饰的先行词是什么。
It was the summer of 2020, when① I came to Guangning No.1 Senior High School. Our school is a wonderful place, where②I can see a lot of beautiful buildings and a large square. Our classroom, the roof of which③looks like a rocket in the distance, is located in the center of our school. The main reason why④I like our school is that I can make many friends. I can get along with my_classmates here, two of whom⑤ are my best friends. Jack, who⑥comes from Tanbu Junior High School, is very active. He likes various sports, among which⑦ he likes running most.
He will run 5 kilometers every day, which⑧ makes him look strong. Nick, whose⑨father is a teacher in Lianhe Junior High School, studies very hard. We often talk about the people and the things that⑩ we see in our school. Nick prefers the food that⑪is made in our canteen. The teacher whom⑫he likes is Mr Zhang, our math teacher, while my beloved teacher is my English teacher, Miss Chen. To be honest, I gradually fall in love with our school.
[用法体悟]
①先行词是the summer of 2020，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when (＝in which)引导定语从句。
②先行词是a wonderful place，在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where (＝at which)引导定语从句。
③先行词是Our_classroom，指物，关系词应用which。the roof of which中的of表所属关系，意为“我们教室的屋顶”。
④先行词是The_main_reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，用why引导。
⑤先行词是my_classmates，指人，关系词应用whom。two of whom中的of表示部分与整体的关系，意为“我的同班同学中的两个人”。
⑥先行词是Jack，在定语从句中作主语，用who引导。
⑦先行词是various_sports，关系词在介词among后作宾语，只能用which。
⑧先行词是“He will run 5 kilometers every day”整个句子，并在从句中作主语，定语从句应用which引导。
⑨先行词是Nick，在定语从句中作定语，表示Nick's，用whose引导。
⑩先行词是the_people_and_the_things，既有人又有物，通常用that引导。
⑪先行词是the food，在定语从句中作主语，故用that或which引导。
⑫先行词是The teacher，在定语从句中作likes的宾语，故用whom或who引导。
[系统中整合规则]
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限制性和非限制性定语从句(与主句之间用逗号隔开)两种。定语从句的基本结构为：先行词＋关系代词或关系副词＋从句。关系词有三大作用：指代先行词；引导定语从句；在从句中充当句子成分。
(一)关系代词的用法
1．关系代词的基本用法
|
关系代词 |
修饰的先行词 |
在从句中所作成分 |
|
who |
人 |
作主语、宾语 |
|
whom |
人 |
作宾语 |
|
which |
事物 |
作主语、宾语 |
|
that |
人或事物 |
作主语、宾语、表语 |
|
whose |
人或事物 |
作定语 |
|
as |
人或事物，一般用于“such ...as” “the same ...as” “as ...as”结构中 |
作主语、宾语 |
2．五种只用that而不用which的情况
(1)先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时；
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
你有什么要为自己说的吗？
(2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very (恰恰，正好), the last, all, no, few, little, any等修饰时；
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
This is the only thing that we can do now.
这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。
(3)先行词既有人又有物时；
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
你告诉我的那位科学家和他的成就为我们所有人所钦佩。
(4)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时；
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
(5)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁？
3．which与as引导非限制性定语从句的3点区别
|
which |
as | |
|
位置上 |
只能放在主句的后面 |
位置灵活，可位于句首、句中也可置于句末 |
|
搭配上 |
无动词的限制 |
谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember等 |
|
意思上 |
意为“这一点”（前后有因果关系） |
表示“正如……，正像……样” |
(二)关系副词的用法
|
先行词 |
关系副词 |
在从句中 所作成分 |
与“介词＋关系 代词”的关系 |
|
表示时间的名词：time, day, year等 |
when |
作时间状语 |
＝at/in/on/during which |
|
表示地点的名词： park, place, house等 |
where |
作地点状语 |
＝in/at/to/on which |
|
表示理由或原因的名词reason |
why |
作原因状语 |
＝for which |
(三)“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词＋关系代词”既能引导限制性定语从句，又能引导非限制性定语从句。先行词指物时，关系代词用which；先行词指人时，关系代词用whom；关系代词whose与所修饰的名词也可同时放在介词之后。
China is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.
中国是一个说许多不同方言的大国。
He is the person on whom you can depend.
他是你可以信赖的人。
He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag.
他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。
[集训中明晰考点]
考点1 根据在从句中充当的成分选择关系词
1.BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
解析：that/which 根据语境和句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语，而先行词tool为物，故此处要填关系代词that或which。
2.I rode the bus with these crazy people ________ were laughing at silly jokes in the back.
解析：who 分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰people，且所填词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。
3.... China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
解析：where 分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰a spot，且所填词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。
4.In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike.
解析：whose 关系词在定语从句中作定语，修饰paintings，故填whose。
考点2 关系副词where的特殊用法
where引导定语从句时，先行词除了可以是表示具体地点的名词(如place, home, school, village等)外，还可以是表示抽象地点的名词(如job, life, situation, point, case, stage, activity等)。
1.That movie led him into the second half of his career ________ his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.
解析：where 分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词career，并在从句中充当地点状语，故用关系副词where。
2.A couple of years ago, filmmaker David Bond realized that his children, then aged five and three，were attached to screens to the point ________ he was able to say “chocolate” into his threeyearold son's ear without getting a response.
解析：where 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词point，并在从句中充当地点状语，故用关系副词where。
3.Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication ________ they deliberately sent a message to another group member.
解析：where 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词system，并在从句中充当地点状语，故用关系副词where。
考点3 关系代词只用that不用which的情况
1.It can be easy to let a particular school become a frontrunner early on in your decisionmaking process, and it may even become the winning choice — but be sure to carefully evaluate every school ________ has accepted you, since you had particular reasons for applying to each school.
解析：that 此处应填入引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语的关系代词。当先行词前有all，every, any等不定代词修饰时，关系代词通常用that。
2.So I stopped the first cab _______ drove by my house.
解析：that 先行词被序数词修饰时关系代词要用that。
3. He wasted it on something ________ is unnecessary.
解析：that 先行词是不定代词时关系代词要用that。
4.He expressed his hope that he would visit China again the next year, and this was the very hope ________ he expressed as soon as he arrived in the country.
解析：that 句意：他表示希望明年再次访问中国，这也是他一到中国就表达的希望。hope为先行词，且被the very修饰，故关系词用that。
考点4 关系代词as
先行词被such, the same, “so＋形容词＋a/an”“as＋形容词＋a/an”修饰时，关系代词要用as。另外关系代词as可以用整个主句作为其先行词，指代上文或下文所说的事，并且as 含有“就像”的意思。as从句可以位于句首、句尾或句中，which的先行词也可以是整个句子，但which从句一般位于句尾。
1. ________ the song goes, this long and winding road “will never
disappear”， and it will always stick in the visitor's memory.
解析：As 句意：正如这首歌所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。根据句意和句式结构可知，空格处缺少关系代词，先行词是句子this long and winding road “will never disappear”，空格的位置在句首，故填As。
2.He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment ________ we could never neglect.
解析：as 句意：他指出有关实验的一个我们绝不能忽视的关键细节。根据句意判断，先行词为a crucial detail，在定语从句中作neglect的宾语，且先行词被such修饰，故用关系代词as。
3.Because of health problems, Peter cannot continue to work at the same full pace ________ he has done up to now.
解析：as 句意：由于健康问题，彼得不能继续全速这样到现在为止一直从事的工作了。pace是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作宾语，由于前面有the same，故用as。
(1)关系代词和关系副词在任何情况下都不能省略；
(2)关系代词要用which和who，不能用that；如果关系代词表示人且紧跟在介词后，只能用whom，不能用who和that；
(3)关系副词when, where可用于非限制性定语从句，而关系副词why不可以。
考点5 非限制性定语从句中关系词的选择
1.Rome can be pricey for travelers，________ is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社)．
解析：which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为主句，故填关系代词which。
2.My mother，________ is never speechless, was speechless.
解析：who 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为My mother, 故填关系代词who。
3.Dr.Rowan，________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
解析：whose 句意：罗恩博士不得不自己做所有的打字工作，他的秘书两周前辞职了。secretary与先行词Dr.Rowan之间为所属关系，空格处在从句中作定语，需用whose。
4.Mr.Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s，________ he gave it to his grandson.
解析：when 句意：史密斯先生拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它给了他的孙子。这是一个含有非限制性定语从句的主从复合句，从句缺少时间状语，因此用when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the early 1990s。
考点6
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择
(1)根据定语从句中动词、形容词的某种习惯搭配来确定；
(2)根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定；
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。
1.Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal ______ which they wish to communicate.
解析：with 这是“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词是the animal (指物)，从句谓语为communicate，常和with搭配，故用with which来引导。
2.Many lessons are now available online, ________ which students can choose for free.
解析：from 句意：现在网上有很多课程，学生可以免费从中选择(来学习)。这是“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是Many lessons(指物)，从句谓语为choose，常和from搭配，故用from which来引导。
3.There are many occasions ______ which you are left in a helpless situation，________ which you can depend on no one other than yourself.
解析：on; in 句意：很多时候你处于无助的境地，在这种情况下，除了自己，你谁也依靠不了。第一空用on which引导定语从句修饰occasions，on many occasions表示“很多时候”；第二空用in which引导定语从句修饰situation，situation表示抽象的地点，其前常用介词in。
[自测中查漏补缺]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.As he writes in his new book, A Long Way Home, Brierley couldn't help but wonder about his hometown back in India.
2.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, which she opened with her late husband Les.
3.They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals.
4.On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth that/which gives off light in the dark.
5.This is the only one of the best films that has been shown this year.
6.Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
7.It was funny that he should have told such a funny story as made everyone present burst into laughter.
8.She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of which had taken more than three years.
9．Her son, to whom she was devoted, went abroad ten years ago.
10．The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those whose lives were affected.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．On the other hand, I can see the singers' stories, which_are_so_inspiring.
另一方面，我能看到这些歌唱家如此激励人心的故事。
2．It's a really beautiful school in our city, where_many_flowers_and_trees_have_been_planted.
它在我们市真的是一个美丽的学校，那儿种植着许多花和树。
3．He is a man whom_we_are_all_ready_to_learn_from.
他是我们大家都愿意向他学习的人。
4．This is the very book that_I_am_looking_for.
这正是我要找的那本书。
5．Those who_survived_the_floods could hardly believe what had happened.
那些在洪水中幸存下来的人很难相信所发生的事情。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Restorers are working on the Jiankou section of the Great Wall, __1__ (build) during the Ming Dynasty, and the job is intense — these workers are risking their lives.
The Jiankou section sits on the top of the mountain to __2__ vehicles have no access.Just getting to the twelvemile section __3__ (take) forty minutes, and things don't get __4__ (easy) when the workers arrive at the destination.Where the floors aren't flat, they need to drag supplies to reach the right spot.The trip to the site is so challenging __5__ repairers can only carry basic tools and reach the wall's sides from the top.One worker will tie a rope around his waist, while __6__ holds on from above.With such a far drop down, surviving a fall would be __7__ matter of luck.
__8__ (keep) to historical accuracy, restorers either use old, fallen bricks or make new ones using the same materials as the originals.Repairs __9__ (be) on since 2005, but under such conditions, it hasn't been a quick and easy task.Despite the drawnout process, Dong Yaohui, vice president of the China Great Wall Society, is proud that the work is about the __10__ (preserve) of the wall — not just making money.
语篇解读：本文介绍了中国的文物保护工作——箭扣长城修复的复杂性和困难。)
1．built 考查非谓语动词。此空需用非谓语动词，build“建造”与被修饰词the Jiankou section of the Great Wall之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词。
2．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是“介词to＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是the mountain，故用关系代词which。
3．takes 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上下文可知时态应用一般现在时，又根据空前的“Just getting to the twelvemile section”可知，此处是动名词短语作主语，故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
4．easier 考查形容词比较级。此处是与上一并列分句相比较，故应用easy的比较级。
5．that 考查固定搭配。so ...that ...是固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。
6．another 考查代词。根据空前的“One worker ...while”可知，此处是两名修复工的对比，one ...another ...为常见搭配。句意为：一名工人将绳子系在腰上，另一名工人从上面抓住绳子。故填another。
7．a 考查冠词。a matter of 是固定短语，意为“关乎……的事”。故填a。
8．To keep 考查非谓语动词。此句谓语动词是use和make，故此空应用非谓语动词，且空处表目的，应用不定式。故填To keep。
9．have been 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据空后的“since 2005”可知，主句应用现在完成时。故填have been。
10．preservation 考查名词。根据空前的the和空后的介词of可知，此空需用名词，在此处表示“保护，维护”，故填preservation。
,
