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英语中连词符号的用法
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连词犹如“桥梁”和“黏合剂”，可以避免文章结构松散、层次不明、表达不清等弊端。恰当地使用连词可使句与句之间结构紧凑，段落之间过渡自然。根据意思和作用的不同，连词可以分为以下十五类：
- 表示并列关系的连词：and, as well as, not only... but also, both ... and等；
- 表示补充的连词：moreover, furthermore, besides, in addition, what’s more, what's worse等；
- 表示转折对比的连词：but, however, on the contrary, on the one hand ... on the other hand等；
- 表示原因的连词：because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, due to等；
- 表示结果的连词：so, thus, therefore, consequently, as a result, so that等；
- 表示条件的连词：if, unless, on condition that, as long as等；
- 表示时间的连词：as soon as, the moment, from then on, meanwhile, not ... until, before等；
- 表示顺序的连词：first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, next, finally等；
- 表示解释的连词：in other words, that is to say, to put it another way等；
- 表示列举的连词：for instance, for example, such as, take ... for example等；
- 表示陈述事实的连词：in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth等；
- 表示强调的连词：certainly, surely, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, indeed等；
- 表示比较的连词：similarly, similar to, the same as, in contrast, compared with / to等；
- 表示目的的连词：for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to等；
- 表示总结的连词：in short, in brief, to sum up, in a nut shell, in conclusion等。
1. 不能准确理解和把握英语中连词的作用
英语与汉语在句子结构方面最基本的差异是：汉语句子重意合，英语句子重形合。也就是说，汉语并不追求形式上的完整，往往只求达意；而英语句法重视句子结构形式的完整和逻辑上的合理。具体来讲，在英语中，两个简单句之间不能用逗号分开，要用连词连接起来，或者使它们单独成句子。例如：
误：We came to the crossroads, a young man and a girl came up, stopped us.
正：When we came to the crossroads, a young man and a girl came up and stopped us.
正：We came to the crossroads. A young man and a girl came up and stopped us.
析：显然误句是按照汉语思维进行组句的。纠正时既可使用连词连接两句，也可使前后两部分单独成句。另外，同一个句子中，两个并列的动词之间也必须用连词。
2. 从属连词与并列连词同时使用
众所周知，并列连词and, but, or, so等用来引导并列句，从属连词用来引导各种从句。在使用连词时，注意不要将though / although和but, because / since / as和so同时用在一个句子中。例如：
误：Though he caught a cold, but he still went to school.
正：Though he caught a cold, he still went to school.
正：He caught a cold, but he still went to school.
3. 混淆介词和连词
由于受汉语干扰，容易错把一些介词当作连词。主要有以下几种情形：
（1）表示“随着”时，引导从句要用as，不能用with，因为with是介词。如若使用with，应当用with的复合结构来表示。例如：
误：With time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be true.
正：As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be true.
正：With time going on, Einstein's theory proved to be true.
（2）表示“当……时候”时，从句的引导词要用when或while，不能用during，因为during是介词。例如：
误：During you are away, I'll be kind to him.
正：When you are away, I'll be kind to him.
（3）表示“尽管”时，引导从句要用though / although，不能用in spite of，因为in spite of后面不能跟从句。例如：
误：Inspite of the working conditions were poor, they fulfilled the task ahead of time.
正：Though the working conditions were poor, they fulfilled the task ahead of time.
正：Inspite of the poor working conditions, they fulfilled the task ahead of time.
4. 不能正确使用关联连词
关联连词是意义相关的一组连词，使用时应注意匹配一致。
1）误：You can take either this one and that one.
正：You can take either this one or that one.
析：这里either和or是意义相关的一组连词，故应将and改为or。
2）误：He was not only impressed by the Chinese doctors' skill, but by their devotion to the patient.
正：He was impressed not only by the Chinese doctors' skill, but by their devotion to the patient.
析：not only ... but (also)用来连接两个并列成分，故应将题干中的not only置于impressed之后。
5. 对部分特殊连词缺乏了解
英语中有一部分名词短语及副词可用作连词，这种由于词性发生转化而被使用的连词对同学们会有极大的迷惑性，学习时应特别注意掌握。如由名词短语转化的连词：the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, the first / last time, each / every time等；由副词转化来的连词有：immediately, directly, instantly等。
1）误：Iliked her for the first time I met her.
正： I liked her the first time I met her.
析：此处the first time用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，此时其前无须再加介词for.
2）误：Every time when I went to her house, she was out.
正： Every time I went to her house, she was out.
析：every time可以用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，故应去掉when。
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