申明：本文仅为个人观点，阐述斜叶檀（斜叶黄檀）与降真香的关系，不否认斜叶檀的价值属性！
斜叶檀鉴定报告：
https://www.meipian.cn/8ahaefm
https://www.meipian.cn/8ahaefm
通读鉴定报告，对鉴定结果小编表示完全认同！所下结论为送检样品（斜叶檀）所含成分，及各成分含量和作用的分析，与大叶降真香（两粤黄檀）成分相似，但成分相似不代表一定是同一种物质，同为黄檀属植物，成分相似不足为奇。橘生淮南则为橘，橘生于淮北则为枳的道理大家都懂，即使成分相似也会有天囊之别。
试问一下，为什么仅仅只检验斜叶檀而不检验其它类似的小叶黄檀属植物呢?
小编表示：只是道听途说，并无事实依据，大家可以留言讨论···
据实地了解，类似的植物共有七种（其中包括藤黄檀与斜叶檀），它们的叶子大致相似，区别只是有的大一点、有的小一点，有的叶片多，有的叶片少。经检验:仅有一种(即藤黄檀)有甜香底味，而且香味舒服顺畅。
为什么斜叶檀不是降真香？！
论据一：结香母本属性不符
众所周知降真香的结香方式和沉香是一样，不同点是：沉香是木本结香，降真香属藤本结香。从我们搜集的民间标本和故宫库存实物来看，也符合降真香即藤本受损结香的论断。而在1994《中国植物志》第40卷明确记载：斜叶黄檀（新拟：斜叶檀，全文称之为斜叶檀）为乔木，或有时具长而曲折的枝条成为藤状灌木。无论是乔木还是灌木，作为木本的斜叶檀与降真香藤本结香的定义完全不符合。同时，记载了两粤黄檀（大叶降真香）及藤黄檀（小叶降真香）皆为藤本。
图片来源：中国植物志网
论据二：结香颜色不符
斜叶檀结的香一般都呈片状、点状分布，喜空心。典型的颜色就是咖啡至褐色色调，部分颜色深了发黑，紫红色较少。
海南斜叶檀
藤黄檀很少有全黑色的结油体，一般是红→紫→黑，极少满油呈现全黑色状（切薄片透光仍为紫红）。
西晋嵇含所著《南方草木状》“紫藤香，长茎细叶，根极坚实，重重有皮，花白子黑。其茎截置烟炱中，经久成紫香，可降神”。明代李时珍所著的《本草纲目》在【木部第三十四卷木之一降真香】﹝集解﹞引李珣曰：“生南海山中及大秦国，其香似苏方木，烧之初不甚香，得诸香和之则特美。入药以番降紫而润者为良。”（苏方木：几十年后，在卢之颐著的《本草乘雅半偈》中变成了“似苏方木”，卢去掉了纲目记载的“其香”二字。去掉其香二字后，似乎成了一种植物形状特征的描述，苏方木是豆科，云实属植物，这种植物有心材，使用时消去外皮及边材，心材为红色。）
自古描述中的降真香颜色为紫红色，与斜叶檀呈黑褐色相矛盾，而藤黄檀甚似相符。
论据三：香味不符
降真香作为香料称之为“诸香之首”，在香方中具有提香作用，所以记载：降真香不甚香，调和诸香特美！可解释为降真香清香而不张扬，有提香功效。而斜叶檀普遍为奶香味明显，火攻胶臭刺鼻，但藤黄檀有甜香底味，而且香味舒服顺畅。
当然，对于香味每个人嗅觉感官不同，再来看看网友的真实体验：
（因涉及个人言论隐私，故隐藏香友相关信息）
论据四：药性不同
降真香，《本草纲目》:"辛温无毒，小儿带之辟邪恶气，疗折伤、金疮，止血定痛，消肿生肌。"《本草丛新》: "周崇被海寇刃伤，血出不止。军士李高，用紫金藤散敷之，血止痛定，明日结痂无斑，会救万人，紫真藤，即降真香之最佳者也"。此处的紫金藤就是指降真香，古代是冷兵器作战，受伤后不及时止血就有生命危险，降真香能快速止血，结痂，所以“曾救万人”。说明降真香具有止血药效，姑且可以认为是止血神药。
而在1994《中国植物志》第40卷明确记载：斜叶黄檀（新拟：斜叶檀）全株药用，治风湿、跌打、扭挫伤，有消肿止痛之效。却未见任何止血药效。且，百度百科明确标注其微毒，素有假小叶降真香之称！（是否具有毒性小编未做鉴定，入口需谨慎）
另，藤黄檀，根：辛，温。强筋骨，宽筋，活络。 茎(红香藤)：行气，止痛，破积。树脂：止血。用于腹痛，心气痛。（藤黄檀的药效——http://www.pingguolv.com/zy/gongxiao/77930.html）
论据五：生长环境不相符
斜叶檀喜欢在原始森林的山脚下、山腰处靠近水源、大石头、大树的环境下生长，喜攀爬在石头上、树上。朱辅《溪蛮丛笑》云;鸡骨香即降香,本出海南。今溪峒僻处所出者,似是而非，劲瘦不甚香。这段话中的“似是而非”，意为溪峒所产出的这种香料，类似于降真香，但实际上不是真的降真香。
——海南冯辉的博客
结论：从降真香结香母体、颜色、香味、药性及生长的环境来判断，斜叶檀并非传统意义上真正的降真香，与真正的降真香同属黄檀属植物。
一睹斜叶檀真面目
海南斜叶檀：
图片来源：海南降真香 冯辉 新浪微博
缅甸斜叶檀：
这些堆积如山的斜叶檀，无疑是滥竽充数降真香最真实原因！广西、云南、老挝等地斜叶檀同样大量出现在降真香市场。
当然，国际贸易公约第17届缔约国大会（CITES COP17），将全部黄檀属植物列入濒危保护。斜叶檀同属黄檀属植物，同样具有一定的收藏价值，因为其生闻奶香味浓郁，颇受大众喜爱。斜叶檀虽然具有一定的药用价值，是否具有降真香的保健功效，目前仍在研究中，入口需谨慎，谨遵医嘱，切莫擅自用药！
降真香识别的五大特征：
A：藤本管状结构；
B：紫色、紫红、红紫、暗紫（黑、褐色千万谨慎购买）；
C：单品生闻清淡（极少浓郁），上炉都有甜味底蕴、润喉（无刺激性气味）；
D：或多或少伴有黄药膜（也称黄金甲）；
E：用嘴嚼有辛、麻、辣感（斜叶檀麻辣的感觉短促）；
另，少听卖家托词，相信自己的嗅觉，上炉一试，便知真假！
（小编自己也收过不少的斜叶檀！）
文玩无贵贱，人心有高低！宽容大度、海纳百川是以求真务实为前提，不能因降真香的稀有、价值凸显、以及其古老的底蕴体系，从而利用大家对降真香的陌生，盲从心理，肆意宣导斜叶檀捆绑小叶降真香定义，从而达到不可告人的目的。
【 译 】
Statement:This article merely presents the author’s opinion, focusing on describing therelationship between Dalbergia pinnata (Lour.) and Jiangzhenxiang. It does not deny the value of Dalbergiapinnata (Lour.)
Dalbergia pinnata (Lour.) Identification Report：
https://www.meipian.cn/8ahaefm
https://www.meipian.cn/8ahaefm
I completely agree with the conclusion ofthese reports. The reports are about the analysis of inspecting the sample component,proportion, and function of Dalbergia pinnata (Lour.), and they find it has asimilar component as Big-leaf JiangZhenXiang (Dalbergia benthami)’s. We can notice that their components aresimilar with big-leaf JiangZhenxiang (Dalbergia benthami), but it does not meanthey are the same substance. Both ofthem belong to Dalbergia plant family, so naturally they should have similarcomponents. Citrus trees grow on bothsides of the river Huai. However, treeson the south side of the river produce mandarine fruits while trees on thenorth side produce orange bitter. Evenwith similar components, the production of these trees or plants are stilldifferent.
So we ask the following question: Why do we test only the Dalbergia pinnata (Lour.) and not test other Dalbergia varieties?
My point follows: I find this information by means of rumor,discussion, and public comment, but without facts. We can communicate in the message board…
Accordingto market research, there are 7 varieties of plants referred to as Soybean Vine(including Dallergia hancai Benth and Dalbergia pinnata (Lour.)). The leaves from all the varieties look verysimilar, however, the leaf size and quantity are different. Some have bigger leaves and some have smallerleaves. Some have many leaves and somehave fewer leaves. After testing, thereis only one leaf (Dallergia hancai Benth’s) that has a sweet and fragranttaste, and the aroma is pleasant.
Why is Dalbergia pinnata (Lour.) not JiangZhenXiang?
Evidence 1: Agarwoodformation female parents are different.
As we know, Agarwood formation methods ofJiangZhenXiang and Agarwood are the same. The difference is that Agarwood female parent is wood, and JiangZhenXiang’sis vine. According to the samples which we collected and the actual objects inForbidden City, we conclude that JiangZhenXiang Agarwood formation femaleparent is vine. In 1994《Theflora of China》Vol 40 states: Dalbergia pinnata (Lour.) is arbor, or sometimetheir branches are long and curved to be a vine shrub. Whatever Arbor or Shrub, as a wood-base of Dalbergiapinnata (Lour.), it cannot meet the definition of vine-base of JiangZhenXiang.Meanwhile, it states Dalbergia benthami (Big-Leaf JiangZhenXiang) and Dallergiahancai Benth (Small-leaf JiangZhenXiang) both are vine-based.
The floral of China :
http://frps.eflora.cn/frps/Dalbergia pinnata
Evidence 2: The resin colors of Agarwood formation aredifferent.
Dalbergia pinnata（Lour．）Agarwood formation’s resin distributes in flakes or dots and is hollow. The typical colors are coffee and brown, and even some are very dark.
HaiNan Dalbergia pinnata (Lour.)
As forDallergiahancai Benth’s , it rarely has all blackcolor. The color generally changes fromred to purple to black. Very few arefull of oil and all black (but if you cut it and use a light to observe thecolor, it is still a shade of mauve or purple).
Western Jin Dynasty Ji Han’s book《Grassesand Trees in South China》states: “PurpleVine, has a long stem and fine leaf, the root is extreme strong, and has aheavy white wood in the outside, with white flower and black seed. If you putthe stem into heat, it will emit a purple aroma, which can bring God to earth”. Ming Dynasty LiShiZhen ’s 《Compendiumof Materia Medica》(Vol 34: MuBu JiangZhenXiang) states:“According to LiXun said: It grows in the mountain of NanHai and The QinEmpire, the aroma smells like Sappan wood. At the beginning, the aroma is not very noticeable, but if you combineit with other flavors it will be fabulous.” (Sappan wood: After decades, inLuZhiYi’s 《BenCaoChengYaBanJi》which states: “It becomes sappan wood and delete the words “the aroma”.” So itlooks like a plant shape characteristic description. Sappan wood is a leguminous plant - actually itis a plant which has heartwood and when you cut the surface and sapwood, youwill find the heartwood color is red.
From old times description, the resin color ofJiangZhenXiang is purple red, which contradicts the color of Dalbergia pinnata（Lour．）’sblack brown. However, Dallergia hancaiBenth’s color is similar.
Evidence3: The aromas are different.
JiangZhenXiangis referred to as “the king of all flavors”. It can improve the aroma in flavors, so according to states: JiangZhenXiang’s aroma is not so noticeable,but when it combines with other flavors it smells fabulous! We can explain it as the aroma ofJiangZhenXiang is quietly elegant and can be aroma-improving. Dalbergia pinnata (Lour．）’saroma of coconut milk is very apparent, with even a burnt, pungent aroma. But DallergiahancaiBenth has a sweet and fragrant taste, and the fragrance is pleasant.
Of course, everyone’s sense of smell is different, and we can see some e-friends’ real experiences about the aroma:
（considering privacy to hide related information）
Evidence 4: Drug-properties are different.
JiangZhenXiang,《Compendiumof Materia Medica》(Vol 34: MuBu describes: Pungent-warm, without toxicity, itcan avoid evil spirits when children wear or carry it. It can help heal bonefractures, lacerations, blood clotting, reduce swelling, and promote skinhealing. 《BenCaoCongXin》states: “ZhouChongstabbed during a pirate invasion and could not stop bleeding. So his sergeant, LiGao,put Purple-Golden vine in the wound, which stopped the bleeding and eliminatedthe pain. In the second day, it quickly scabbed over and without scarring. Itwas said that it can save thousands of lives. Purple-Golden vine is the bestone in all JiangZhenXiang.” In this sentence, the Purple-Golden vine isJiangZhenXiang. In old times, when peoplefight each other with metal weapons and when someone was wounded, if you couldnot stop the bleeding on time, the people would die. But with JiangZhenXiang, it can stop thebleeding and scabs quickly, saving thousands of people’s lives. So we can know that JiangZhenXiang can stopbleeding. But in 1994《Theflora of China》Vol 40states: “Use the whole Dalbergia pinnata(Lour.) as a medicine, it can cure rheumatism, traumatic injuries, sprain anddampen, and reduce swell and ease pain.” But without any information about it canstop bleeding. Moreover, BaiDuBaiKestates it has a slight poison characteristic and always seems to be small-leafJiangZhenXiang. (I really do not know if it is poisonous. I have not tested it – obviously!）
Dallergia hancai Benth--- Root: pungent, warm, strengthen muscles andbones, widen the strut, activation collaterals. Stem: qi-promoting, relievingpain, breaking the stagnation of qi; Resin: stopping bleeding. Using for stomachache,heart pain.
Evidence 5:The living environments are different
Dalbergia pinnata（Lour．） likes to grow at the base of mountains, at the edge of the forest near a water source with big stones or trees. It likes to climb in the stones and trees. ZhuFu’s book《Xi Man Cong Xiao》records: Croton crassifolius is Dalbergia odorifera, and comes from HaiNan. Now some from XiTong, they look like the same but actually they are not. In this sentence, it means the flavor from XiTong looks like Dalbergia benthami Prain (JiangZhenXiang), but really it is not.
Conclusion: FromJiangZhenXiang Agarwood formation female parent, the colors of resin, aroma , drug-property,and living environment, we can say Dalbergia pinnata（Lour．） is not thetraditional real JiangZhenXiang. Theyjust belong to the same Dalbergia plant family.
Have a look at Dalbergia pinnata（Lour．）
HaiNan Dalbergia pinnata（Lour．）
Myanmar Dalbergia pinnata（Lour．）
The large amount of Dalbergia pinnata（Lour．） is likely the reason why alot of people refer to it as JiangZhenXiang! In the JiangZhenXiang market, there are a lotof Dalbergia pinnata（Lour．）, which are from GuangXi,YunNan, and Laos. Manycustomers do not know that they are actually buying Dalbergia pinnata（Lour．）, when they reallywant JiangZhenXiang.
ForInternational Trading Treary (CITES COP17), they believe that all Dalbergiaplant varieties need protection. Dalbergia pinnata（Lour．） is one of theDalbergia plant varieties and has some investment value because a lot of peoplelike their coconut-milk aroma. Dalbergiapinnata（Lour．）has drug-properties, but if it has any health efficacy it is still in researchstages. When you chew it, please be careful. Follow the doctor’s advice and do not take medicine by yourself!
JiangZhenXiang’s five basic characteristics:
A：Vine base and tube structure
B：Purple, mauve, red purple, dark purple (if it’s black andbrown, please be careful when you purchase)
C：The aroma is not very noticeable (some can have a strongeraroma), when you apply heat, it will produce a sweet aroma and smooth yourthroat (without irritant smell)
D：There are more or less some yellow layers or coloring.
E：Whenyou chew it, the taste is pungent, with a tingly, spicy flavor. (Dalbergiapinnata（Lour．）’s spicy taste goes away quickly)
In addition,please do not simply believe what the vendor tells you. Trust your nose, and apply a flame to thematerial so that you can know if it’s true aroma.
(I also have a lot of Dalbergiapinnata（Lour．） in my warehouse – so I know what the hell I am talking about !)
Please do not judge traditional Chinese handicrafts by price, but it can help us see through the heart. Being generous and tolerant to diversity is the foundation for looking for the truth. Because JiangZhenXiang is rare with special value and long history, and many people do not know much about it, you should not promote Dalbergia pinnata（Lour．）as small-leaf JiangZhenXiang with the purpose of cheating unknowing customers.
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