高考英语必备888词(高考英语-可数名词)(1)


名词按其词汇意义可分为专有名词普通名词

普通名词包括可数名词不可数名词。可数名词有单复数之分,不可数名词没有复数形式。


1.可数名词复数的规则变化:

① 绝大多数直接加s;

② 以s,ss,sh,ch,x结尾的es;bus→buses,class→classes,wish→wishes,watch→watches,box→boxes.

③ 以一个o结尾的有生命的加es,无生命的加es;

patato→patatoes,tomato→tomatoes,hero→heroes,Negro→Negroes;

photo→ photos,piano→pianos,radio→radios.

* 以oo结尾的加s.bamboo→bamboos, zoo→zoos,kangaroo→kangaroos.

④ 以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i加es;study→studies, country→countries,city→cities.

⑤ 以f/fe结尾的变f/fe为v加es.leaf→leaves,knife→knives.


2.可数名词复数的不规则变化:

①变元音字母;man→men,wman→women,foot→feet,goose→geese,mouse→mice.

②单复数同形;sheep→sheep,deer→deer,means→means(手段;方法),

series→series(系列),species→species(物种;种类).

③增加字母;child→children,ox→oxen.

④表示某国人的三种变化:

i)单复同形:Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese,Swiss→Swiss

ii)变man为men:Englishman→Englishmen,Franchman→Franchmen,Dutchman→Dutchmen,

Irishman→Irishmen.

iii)加s:American→Americans,German→Germans,Russian→Russians;Italian→Italian,

Canadian→Canadians,Australian→Australians,Indian→Indians.


3.复合名词的复数变化:

①写成一个词,不含连字符的,把词尾变复数;classroom→classrooms;

②分开写,不含连字符的,把第二个词尾变复数;.girl student→girl students.

若第一个词是man或woman,前后都要变复数;

man teacher→men teachers, woman singer→women singers.

③若其中有名词,把主体名词变成复数;

son-in-low→sons-in-low, looker on(旁观者)→lookers on.

④若其中没名词,在最后一个词后面加复数词尾。grown-up→grown-ups.

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