Linux配置ip地址的两种方法，实验环境为centos7.6
方法1：nmcli工具配置 （centos7以下版本不支持该方法）
第一步，通过nmcli connection查看网卡名称
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE eth0 09be0948-faf1-43b6-a5a4-c19efab0bb48 ethernet eth0
第二步，配置ip，网关，dns，并设置网卡开机自动启动，最后开启网卡
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify eth0 ipv4.addresses "192.168.1.201/24"
说明：配置地址和掩码
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[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify eth0 ipv4.gateway "192.168.1.1"
说明：配置网关
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify eth0 ipv4.dns "180.76.76.76"
说明：配置dns
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify eth0 ipv4.method manual
说明：地址获取的方法为手动配置而不是dhcp
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection modify eth0 autoconnect yes 说明：开机自动打开网卡
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli connection up eth0
说明：立即打开网卡
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)第三步，查看结果（这里使用ip addr命令查看，较新版本Linux系统支持该命令）
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:84:23:62 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.1.201/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 fe80::b7ad:e2ed:832e:99a9/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever测试通信
[root@localhost ~]# ping www.baidu.comPING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.121) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=1 ttl=53 time=34.7 ms64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=2 ttl=53 time=27.9 ms64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=3 ttl=53 time=24.1 ms64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=4 ttl=53 time=25.2 ms64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=5 ttl=53 time=24.2 ms^C--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4005msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 24.177/27.277/34.718/3.970 ms
方法2：通过vi编辑网卡配置文件（最新版rhel8或centos8不推荐该方法，老版本rhel6及以下推荐该方法）第一步，通过vi或vim打开配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
第二步，编辑相关的参数
TYPE=EthernetPROXY_METHOD=noneBROWSER_ONLY=noBOOTPROTO=noneDEFROUTE=yesIPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=noIPV6INIT=yesIPV6_AUTOCONF=yesIPV6_DEFROUTE=yesIPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=noIPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacyNAME=eth0UUID=09be0948-faf1-43b6-a5a4-c19efab0bb48DEVICE=eth0ONBOOT=yesIPADDR=192.168.1.202PREFIX=24GATEWAY=192.168.1.1DNS1=180.76.76.76PEERDNS=novi的编辑方法是，输入字母i，进行编辑，编辑完成后，按esc，再按:wq 保存退出。如果不保存，则是:q!退出
第三步，重启网络服务
[root@localhost ~]# service network restartRestarting network (via systemctl): [ OK ]
第四步，查看结果并测试通信（这里用ifconfig命令来查看，各种版本Linux均支持该命令）
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500inet 192.168.1.202 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255inet6 fe80::b7ad:e2ed:832e:99a9 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>ether 00:0c:29:84:23:62 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)RX packets 1117 bytes 127303 (124.3 KiB)RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0TX packets 564 bytes 69559 (67.9 KiB)TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@localhost ~]# ping www.baidu.comPING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.125) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 61.135.169.125 (61.135.169.125): icmp_seq=1 ttl=53 time=28.2 ms64 bytes from 61.135.169.125 (61.135.169.125): icmp_seq=2 ttl=53 time=30.9 ms^C--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---3 packets transmitted, 2 received, 33% packet loss, time 2003msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 28.228/29.590/30.953/1.373 ms[root@localhost ~]#
配置地址的两种方法就介绍到这里。
但是查看地址时，我们并没有看到网关和dns，那么网关和dns怎么看呢，用以下两条命令即可
[root@localhost ~]# route -n 通过查看路由表来知道网关
Kernel IP routing tableDestination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf 通过查看rsolv.conf文件来查看dns# Generated by NetworkManagernameserver 180.76.76.76
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