考点一 动词的分类
动词分分为四大类:
1.行为动词 行为动词有完整的词义,并能单独作谓语,所以它又称为实义动词。行为动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分及物动词和不及物动词及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词需要有宾语才能表达完整的意思,如buy,like,kill,catch,give等;不及物动词不需要带宾语,本身就能表达完整的意思,如die,rain,work等。例:
He bought a new dictionary yesterday.他昨天买了本新字典。
David speaks Chinese very well.大卫中文说的很好。
Millions of soldiers died in the war.数百万人在战争中死亡。
It rained heavily last nigth.昨晚雨下得很大。
【注意】
有些动词既可以作及物动词,又可以作不及物动词。如:
The rain stopped five minutes ago.雨五分钟前停了。(不及物动词)
I stopped a woman and asked him the way to the post office.我拦住一个女士,向她询问去邮局得路。(及物动词)
My little sister can sing very well.我小妹妹唱歌不错。(不及物动词)
Mary can sing some Chinese songs.玛丽能唱一些中文歌曲。(及物动词)
2. 系动词
系动词虽然有词义,当不完整,所以在句中要和表语一起作谓语。最常见的系动词是be,此外,还有look,get,seem,turn,become,sound,feel,taste,smell,stay等。例:
They are teachers.他们是老师。
The flowers look very beautiful.那些花看上去很漂亮。
The music sounds very sweet.音乐听起来很悦耳。
I felt very nervous when I began to talk.开始演讲的时候,我感到很紧张。
The teacher seemed very angry.那个老师似乎很生气。
【注意】
be动词后面可以跟名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语、动名词、动词不定式等作表语。而look,get,seem,turn,become,sound,feel,taste,smell,stay等词后面只能跟形容词作表语。
3.助动词 助动词本身没有词义,只能和主要动词一起作谓语,起到构成时态、语态、疑问句和否定句的作用。助动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。常见的助动词有be,have,do等。例:
He is playing football on the playground now.他正在操场上踢足球。
Does your teacher come from Anhui? 你老师来自安徽吗?
I have written three letters to him.我已经给他写了三封信。
Don’t talk loudly in the classroom.别在教室里大声喧哗。
He was sent to teach English in a village school.他被派往一所乡村学校任教。
4.情态动词
情态动词表示说话人的看法或态度,如 “可能”、“应该”、“必须”等。情态动词本身有一定的词义,但不完整,本能单独使用,必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后面跟动词原形。常见的情态动词有can,could,may,must,will,should,would,need,will 等。后面有专门专题对情态动词予以讲解,故于此不多赘述。
rsio
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