Seaweeds are so diverse, because they're such an ancient organism.
海藻种类繁多，因为它们非常古老。
And is so important still today, in creating the life in the oceans, but also circulating life onto the planet.
直到今天，无论是对于创造海洋生物，还是促进地球生命循环，它都至关重要。
If we use the infrastructure in the oceans and create seaweed islands, we would actually eliminate a lot of the climate change issues we have today.
如果我们利用海洋基础设施建造海藻岛，将会消除很多正在发生的气候变化问题。
Australia is an isolated continent and just like we have koalas and gum trees on land, we've got very unique seaweed species, and these species are only found in Australia.
澳大利亚是一块独立的大陆，陆地上我们有考拉和桉树，海洋中我们有独特的海藻品种，这些品种只有澳大利亚才有。
We still don't know all of the species that exist.
并且有些现存的品种 我们仍不了解。
Seaweeds are a platform of opportunity in sustainability, nutrition, and innovation.
在可持续发展、营养与创新领域，海藻提供了一个机遇蓬勃的平台。
I always say Australians were the first users of seaweed, because there's actually evidence from 45,000 years ago in Tasmania where they used the kelps and they sewed them into water carriers.
我总说澳大利亚人是第一个使用海藻的，有证据表明，在45000年前的塔斯马尼亚岛上，澳大利亚人就会使用昆布，并把它们缝制成水运工具。
Kelp is a type of macroalgae or seaweed,
昆布是一种大型海藻或者说海草，
And there are three main types of seaweed red, brown and green, and the kelps are a type of brown.
分为三个主要种类，红藻、褐藻以及绿藻，昆布是褐藻的一种。
So in order to tackle climate change, we need to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide going into the atmosphere, and we also need to look at ways of drawing down that carbon dioxide.
为了解决气候变化问题，我们需要减少排放至空气中的二氧化碳含量，同时还要着眼于减少二氧化碳含量的方法。
Kelp growing so quickly, absorbs and sequesters a huge amount of carbon dioxide.
昆布生长迅速，吸收和捕获大量二氧化碳。
「Kelp is one of the fastest-growing organisms on earth.」
「昆布是地球上生长速度最快的生物之一。」
So the cycling of carbon through the capture of carbon dioxide
通过捕获二氧化碳来实现碳循环，
and growing crops faster in seawater than on land is one important way we can reduce our carbon emissions.
使在海水中种植作物比在陆地上更快，是减少碳排放的一个重要途径。
「Australia is one of the highest carbon emitters per capita. 」
「澳大利亚是人均碳排量最高的国家之一。」
「Seaweed can help reverse the damage done by fossil fuels. 」
「海藻有助于逆转化石燃料带来的破坏。」
Seaweed doesn't rely on freshwater in its production at all.
海藻的生产完全不依赖淡水。
We don't have to have arable land, and we can produce 50 times more on an area for example our seaweed farm at one hectare produces as much as 50 hectares of wheat.
我们不需要耕地，我们单位面积的产量可达50倍以上，举个例子，我们一公顷海藻养殖场的产量，相当于50公顷麦田的产量。
「One hectare of a seaweed farm an produce more protein than the same amount of land used for cattle.」
「一公顷的海藻养殖场生产出的蛋白质，比一公顷养牛场生产的蛋白质还要多。」
Seaweed farming was really only established in the 1940s and 50s, Kathleen Drew Baker was an English scientist who uncovered the reproductive cycle of Nori and she unlocked the lifecycle of that seaweed, and that has been the first success story in seaweed cultivation in the world.
海藻养殖实际上是在上世纪四五十年代才开始的，英国科学家凯瑟琳·德鲁·贝克揭示了海苔的生殖周期，解密了这种海藻的生命周期，这就是世界上第一个成功培育海藻的案例。
So when we farm our seaweed, we pump in saltwater from the local estuary that is right next door to the wheat refinery, and the wheat refineries got anaerobic digestion and fermentation processes going on, they produce natural carbon dioxide, and we capture that natural carbon dioxide, and we pump that into the seawater just like big bubbles, like bathing in a fizzy drink, and the seaweed can take up the carbon dioxide very rapidly.
我们从当地河口抽取盐水来种植海藻，河口旁边就是小麦精炼厂，各种厌氧分解反应和发酵过程都在这里进行，这就产生了天然的二氧化碳，我们捕获这些天然二氧化碳，泵入海水中像注入了大泡泡 就像在碳酸饮料里泡澡，海藻能够快速吸收这些二氧化碳。
And that carbon is directly changed into the seaweed biomass.
碳直接转化为海藻生物量。
The water returns to cleaner than what it was when we brought it in from the river, and you get a valuable biomass out of what would otherwise have been nothing here other than waste streams.
水变得比我们从河里运来时更干净了，我们甚至变废为宝，从一堆一无是处的废水中获得了宝贵的生物资源。
Photosynthesis is the best carbon-capturing mechanism we have.
光合作用是目前最好的碳捕获机制。
Even the small amount of carbon dioxide we are adding to the atmosphere is having devastating consequences on our climate, and that's when we have really disturbing impacts on the ecosystem that's supporting us.
即使只是向大气排放少量二氧化碳，对气候也会造成毁灭性的影响，就这样，我们严重干扰了人类赖以生存的生态系统。
We've been working with golden kelp for over five years, and looking at how to breed it.
我们已经在金昆布上花了五年多的时间，研究如何繁育它。
What we've noticed over the last few years is that kelp is seemingly disappearing.
过去几年我们注意到昆布似乎正在消失。
Now that we're changing the temperature patterns in the oceans, we're starting to see changes in the patterns of seaweeds and it can be quite catastrophic like in the case of disappearing kelp forests.
我们正在改变海洋的温度模式，导致海藻的生长模式开始发生转变，这可能带来灾难性的后果，比如海藻森林的消失。
「Tasmaia has lost 95% of its giant kelp forest.」
「塔斯尼亚岛已经丧失了95%的巨大昆布森林。」
The main drivers of giant kelp forest loss in Tasmania re ocean warming and climate change.
塔斯尼亚岛巨大昆布森林的消逝的，主要驱动因素是海洋变暖和气候变化。
It's one of the worst places in the world for kelp forest loss.
这是世界上海藻森林损失最严重的地方之一。
「Increase in ocean temperatures has been increases in sea urchins leading to the urchins eating everything on the ocean floor.」
「随着海洋温度升高，海胆数量增多，海胆几乎吃光了海底的所有东西。」
It's so dramatic.
太夸张了。
It's like going from a rain forest to Moonbase Alpha.
就像从雨林变成了《月球基地阿尔法》。
It's really hard to imitate nature,
大自然的鬼斧神工是很难模仿的，
it's really hard to put a seaweed back into an environment, because the environment doesn't support it anymore.
我们很难将一棵海藻放回原生环境中，因为这个环境已经不能兼容它了。
A very significant step forward is to start farming seaweeds in place of carbon-intensive technologies in food production, in materials production, even just a 10% replacement of seaweed in wheat production or meat production in foods would have a major impact.
目前一个重要的进展是，我们开始在碳排量高的食品生产技术，和材料生产领域养殖海藻，哪怕只有10%的小麦或肉类食品的生产被海藻替代，都会产生重要影响。
「Seaweed farming requires no fertilizer or chemicals.」
「海藻的养殖不需要任何肥料或化学品。」
So we can make biodegradable plastic effectively from seaweed.
我们可以有效地利用海藻，制作可生物降解的塑料。
One of the ways we would like to farm seaweed in the future is looking at offshore systems for Australian seaweeds.
我们希望未来能在澳大利亚离岸系统中养殖海藻。
So now we have a mussel farm that's been established on the 50-hectare area allocated to shellfish farming.
我们目前在一块50公顷的贝类养殖区，建立了一个贻贝养殖场。
The benefit of growing a product like mussels alongside seaweed, what we've learned on, you know, on land-based agriculture is that monoculture is not as good for the environment and the same applies for the oceans,
在海藻旁边养殖贻贝这种产物的好处是……我们从陆上农业中了解到单一养殖对环境不利，同样的道理也适用于海洋，
where there's a lot of seaweed growing that's where the healthiest mussles grow.
哪里的海藻长势最好，那里的贻贝生长也是最健康的。
If you've got something growing and producing carbon dioxide in the water, and then you grow seaweed which takes up the carbon dioxide and it buffers that,
水体中的生物在产生二氧化碳的同时，这时种点海藻进去把二氧化碳吸收了，中和酸性物质，
and if you have more seaweeds, taking up more carbon dioxide than what's produced, you actually offset ocean acidification, and it returns it to the state that life can persist in.
如果海藻数量增加，使二氧化碳的吸收量大于排放量，那么实际上就防止了海洋酸化，使它重回生机盎然的状态。
So kelp farming is not only restorative it's regenerative.
昆布养殖不仅可以复原生态，也是再生过程。
We are working on establishing an ocean-based inshore kelp farm.
我们正致力于建立一个近海昆布养殖场。
Kelp likes the movement of the tide and the upwelling of nutrients that makes it very difficult to grow on land.
昆布喜潮汐运动 好营养物质上涌，这种特性使其难以在陆上生长。
And we're so excited that we've just had a breakthrough and have had success with the bredding.
我们非常激动，因为我们刚刚取得突破，成功地进行了养殖。
「Kelp farming has the potential to absorb billions of tonnes of Co2, which would need to be stored or sequestered in the deep ocean.」
昆布养殖有望吸收数亿吨二氧化碳，这些二氧化碳需要储存或固定在深海中。
Then there's a whole world of smart technology, where the molecules in seaweed are so poorly explored to date, it's a bit like the Amazon rain-forest but it's even richer and more diverse and very different because it's in the salty oceans, and the molecules we're finding are fascinating.
如今我们处在智能技术的时代，而对海藻中的分子至今仍鲜有研究，藻群有点像亚马逊雨林，但更肥沃、更多样化、与众不同，因为它们生长在咸海中，我们从海藻中发现的分子非常巧妙。
They're molecules that are highly charged, and they mimic human connective tissue for example so we can print full-thickness skin tissue now with the extract from our seaweeds.
这是一些高电荷的分子，它们与人类结缔组织中的分子相仿，因此，我们可以用海藻提取物复制出全层皮肤组织。
There's many ways that seaweed as a new material, or food or feed on the planet can service a better environment.
海藻作为一种新材料、新食品或新饲料，在各个方面都能更好地服务于环境。
So it's really exciting for Australia because we're sitting on undiscovered renewable, sustainable resources, and they have to go back into the cycle.
这对澳大利亚来说是振奋人心的，我们坐拥这些未被发现的、可再生的、可持续的资源，而它们必须回到循环中去。
That's how life on Earth exists it's a circle of nutrients and chemicals being released and digested creating new life again.
地球上的生命就是这样存在的，这是一个营养和化学物质被释放、被消化、再创造新生命的循环。
,
