Hey there I'm Emma from mmmEnglish! Today we're gonna focus on the language that you need to tell stories in English.，下面我们就来聊聊关于过去完成时被动的例子?接下来我们就一起去了解一下吧!
过去完成时被动的例子
Hey there I'm Emma from mmmEnglish! Today we're gonna focus on the language that you need to tell stories in English.
嗨，大家好，我是 Emma，欢迎来到美味英语频道！今天，我们将专注于学习用英语讲故事所需要的语言。
Now we all tell stories right about our day, about our childhood or maybe just to laugh at something that happened earlier. So a really useful tense to help you accurately tell stories in English is the past perfect.
我们会讲述故事，关于我们的一天，关于我们的童年，或者只是为了对之前发生的事情付之一笑。英语中非常有用的可以帮助大家正确地讲故事的一个时态就是过去完成时。
Now I know that grammar isn't usually heaps of fun but we're going to include some pronunciation practice and I will make it as fun as I can. As always I've got a mini quiz at the end to help you practise so make sure you stick around.
我知道语法通常没什么乐趣，但是我们将包括一些发音练习，我会尽我所能让课程尽量好玩一点点。同样的，课程最后有一个迷你测试帮助大家练习，所以一定要坚持到最后哦。
So we use the past perfect to talk about the past but not just any situation in the past, we use the past perfect when we're talking about two events that happened in the past and when one event happened before the other event. So it helps you to order the actions in your story.
我们使用过去完成时来谈论过去，但并不是过去的所有情况，我们使用过去完成时来谈论过去发生的两件事情，其中的一件事情发生在另外一件事情之前。因此，它可以帮助你对故事情节进行排序。
Think about the past perfect as helping us to create a timeline. I had just stepped outside when it started to rain.
考虑一下过去完成时是如何帮助我们创造时间线的。我刚出门，天就开始下雨了。
So there are two actions here, right? I stepped outside, it started to rain.
所以这里有两个行为，对吗？我出去了，天开始下雨了。
Now if I use just the past simple for both of these events well then we don't know which one happened first, right? All we know is that both events happened in the past.
如果我仅仅是使用简单的过去时描述这两件事情的话，我们不知道哪件事情是先发生的，对吧？我们所知道的是，这两件事情都发生在过去。
So by using the past perfect in one of those actions, I'm letting you know which action happened before the other. I had just stepped outside when it started to rain.
因此，通过用过去完成时来描述其中的一件事情，我就会让大家知道哪件事情是发生在另外一件事情之前的。我刚出门，天就开始下雨了。
So which one came first? I stepped outside and then after it started to rain.
哪件事情是先发生的呢？我先出去，然后开始下雨了。
Let's look at a few more examples. She had just finished her exam when the timer went off.
让我们看看更多例子吧。她刚结束考试，计时器就响了。
So which action happened first? Did the timer go up first?
哪个动作先发生呢？是计时器先响了吗？
No she finished her exam first but only by a little, just. And we know this because of the past perfect.
不，是她先完成了考试，但只是提前了一点点而已。我们是从过去完成时里面知道的。
I couldn't go out for dinner because I had left my wallet at home. So try and imagine the story here, you know, I was working and one of my colleagues came up to ask me to join them for dinner after work but I realised that I didn't have my wallet that day.
因为我把我的钱包落在家里了，所以我没法出去吃饭了。试着想象一下这里的故事，我当时在工作，我的一位同事来问我下班后要不要和他们一起吃晚饭，但是我意识到那天我没有带钱包。
I left it at home. So I couldn't go out.
我把它放在家里了。所以我就没法去了。
He had mentioned feeling sick, but then they were surprised when he suddenly fainted. Now that is a great sentence.
他之前提到过自己有点不太舒服，但是当他突然昏倒时，他们还是感到非常震惊。这是一个很棒的句子。
It's very dramatic. He did say that he felt sick and he mentioned it before he fainted but clearly, no one was paying attention because it was a shock that he fainted.
非常戏剧性的。他说他不舒服，他在昏倒之前就提到了，显然没有人注意，因为他晕过去的时候大家都震惊到了。
So the past perfect helps our story to unfold over time, to create suspense and to create drama. So let's talk about how we make a past perfect sentence and it's pretty simple actually as far as English verb tenses go especially after all of the conditionals videos that I've been teaching lately.
因此，过去完成时可以帮助我们的故事随着时间发展，创造悬念，创造戏剧性。那让我们来聊一聊如何说一个过去完成时的句子吧，其实很简单，和我最近一直在教的条件句的英语动词时态难度差不多。
You've probably already started noticing a pattern. We create the past perfect by using the verb 'had', the auxiliary verb 'had', followed by our main verb in past participle form.
你可能已经开始注意到有特定的模式了。我们通过使用动词“had”，也就是助动词“had”，后面加过去分词形式的主动词就可以创造过去完成时啦。
So let's go back and look at those same examples again. She had just finished her exam when the timer went off.
让我们回头再看那些例子吧。她刚完成考试，计时器就响了。
I couldn't go out for dinner because I had left my wallet at home. He had mentioned feeling sick but then they were surprised when he suddenly fainted.
我不能出去吃饭，因为我把钱包留在家里了。他之前提到过自己不舒服，但是当他突然昏倒时，他们还是感到非常震惊。
So I'm going to interrupt our lesson here before we go too much further because I want to talk about pronunciation. Learning to correctly use contractions is going to help you to sound much more natural and much more relaxed as you speak.
在我们继续深入之前，在这里我要打断一下，因为我想要说一下发音的问题。学习正确使用缩写可以帮助大家在说话的时候听起来更加自然，也更加放松。
'Had' is our auxiliary verb here right and our main verb comes after in the past participle form. So auxiliary verbs are grammatical words.
“Had”是助动词，跟着是过去分词形式的主动词。助动词是语法词。
They're usually unstressed and this impacts the way that they are spoken. Auxiliary verbs are usually connected to the subject in spoken English so it's really natural to hear I'd instead of I had you'd she'd he'd we'd they'd and the trickiest one of all, it'd.
它们通常是不会重读的，这会影响它们发音的方式。助动词在口语中通常和主语连在一起，所以很自然地会听到 I'd 而不是 I had，you'd，she'd，he'd，we'd，they'd，还有最难发音的一个 it'd。
It'd been raining all day. Now in negative sentences, the auxiliary verb usually contracts with 'not' so you'll hear I hadn't instead of I had not.
整天都在下雨。在否定句中，助动词通常和“not”一起缩写，所以你会听到 I hadn't 而不是 I had not。
Or you hadn't instead of you had not. Now remember, we don't conjugate the auxiliary verb when were using the past perfect right so we use 'had' with 'she'.
或者是 you hadn't 而不是 you had not。请记住，当我们使用过去完成时的时候，我们不会改变助动词的形式，所以我们会使用“had”和“she”搭配。
She hadn't. It hadn't.
她没有。它没有。
They hadn't. But you will occasionally hear the contraction a little differently.
他们没有。但是你可能会听到缩写有点点不太一样。
She'd not been there. Or you'd not tasted it.
她没去过那里。或者你还没有尝过。
And this is absolutely no problem but it's much less common. It's used less frequently.
这绝对没有问题，但这并不常见。它的使用频率较低。
My students often feel really frustrated about these contractions because they're exactly the same contractions as we use for 'I would', 'I'd'. It's annoying I know but the clue is in the main verb that follows because with 'would', it's always followed by the infinitive verb right?
我的学生常常对这些缩写感到很受挫，因为它们和我们使用‘I would’的方式是一样的，I'd。我知道这很烦人，但是线索是在后面的主动词当中，因为“would”后面永远是不定式动词，对吧？
'Had' is always followed by the past participle. So if you hear 'I go to the beach every day after school', we know that that's 'would' because the verb 'go' is an infinitive form.
“Had”后面总是紧跟着过去分词。因此，如果你听到“我每天放学后都去海滩”，我们知道那是“would”，因为动词“go”是不定式形式。
I'd been at the beach when the storm rolled in. We know that that's the past perfect because of the verb form that follows.
暴风雨来临时，我在海滩上。我们知道那是过去完成时，因为后面的动词的形式。
So as we move through this lesson, tune into the way that I'm saying all the examples and the practice sentences. Try to practise out loud with me and just get comfortable with it.
当我们学习本节课程的时候，要注意一下我说这些例子和练习句子的方式。尝试和我一起大声练习，并慢慢地适应它。
Alright now let's get back to how the past perfect tense is used because it almost always involves more than one event or action. So we usually need to know what to do with the other event in our sentence, right?
好吧，现在让我们回到过去完成时是如何使用的，因为这几乎总是涉及一个以上的事件或行为。通常我们需要知道怎么处理句子中的其他的事件，对吧？
So when we use the past perfect in a sentence to show the order of things that happen in the past, the first event happens in the past perfect tense. The second event happens in the past simple tense.
所以当我们在句子中用过去完成时来表达过去发生的事情的顺序，第一个事件是用过去完成时态进行描述的。第二件事使用的是一般过去时。
Now interestingly it doesn't matter which order the events are in the sentence. It's the tenses that tell us what happened first so we could say the past perfect, past simple or the past simple and the past perfect.
有趣的是，事件在句子里面的顺序并没什么关系。是时态告诉我们哪件事情是先发生的，所以我们可以先说过去完成时再说一般过去时，也可以先说一般过去时再说过去完成时。
It's the same. In either of those examples, the past perfect event is the one that happened first in time.
都是一样的。在这些例子中，过去完成时的事件是在时间上先发生的。
I had just smelled smoke when the fire alarm went off. Or when the fire alarm went off, I had just smelled smoke.
火警响起时，我刚闻到烟味。或当火警警报响起时，我刚闻到烟味。
So in both examples, I smelled the smoke first. It happened just before the alarm went off.
因此，在两个例子中，我是先闻到烟味的。它发生在警报响起之前。
I also want to make a special point about adverbs here because we use adverbs like 'just' and 'really', 'already'. They're often used in the past perfect tense and they go between 'had' and our main verb right so we have 'had', adverb, past participle.
我在这里也想就副词说一句，因为我们使用了像“just”、“really”和“already”这种副词。它们经常用在过去完成时当中，而且它们位于“had”和我们的主动词之间，所以就是had加副词加过去分词。
Had just finished. Had really tried.
刚刚结束。真的尝试过。
Had already eaten. All of this is exciting huh?
已经吃了。这都很令人兴奋，对吧？
It helps us to add more to our story. So we use 'just' with the past perfect when one event happens immediately before the other so you really want to emphasise that not much time has passed between the first event and the second event.
它可以让我们的故事添加更多内容。当一件事情在另外一件事情之前一点点发生的话，我们会使用“just”加过去完成时，所以你是想强调在第一个和第二个事件之间没过多少时间。
He had just got in the shower when he heard a knock at the door. So it was only moments before.
他刚洗完澡，就听到了敲门声。就是不久之前。
We use 'already' with the past perfect when an event happens early or earlier than expected. I ran to the supermarket as fast as I could but it had already closed when I got there.
当一件事情发生的比较早，或者是比我们期待的要早的时候，我们使用“already”加过去完成时。我尽可能快地跑到超市，但是当我到达那里的时候，它已经关门了。
Do you want to know one of the most common mistakes that my students make with this tense? Can you see what's wrong there?
你想知道我的学生在这个时态上最常见的错误之一是什么吗？你能看到哪里不对吗？
It's the present perfect and you can't use 'when' with the past simple and the present perfect. We have to use the past perfect 'had' with the past participle even when the subject is plural, we still use 'had' okay so don't conjugate the verb.
这是现在完成时，“when”和一般过去时和现在完成时不能一起使用。我们必须要使用过去完成时“had”和过去分词，即使主语是复数，我们还是需要使用“had”，不要改变动词的形式。
That is a massive mistake when you're talking about the past perfect. So we've gone through all the details about how to make the past perfect, what you need to remember, what you need to do.
那是一个很大的错误，如果你谈论的是过去完成时的话。我们已经学习了所有的关于如何说一个过去完成时的句子的细节，以及你需要记住什么，你需要做些什么。
Let's practise using it together. I'm really looking forward to hearing some stories from you guys.
让我们一起练习使用它吧。我非常期待听到你们的故事。
Quiz time! To kick off our quiz, I'm gonna give you two events or actions up here.
测试时间到了！要开始我们的小测试呢，我要给大家两个事件或者是行为。
Both of these events take place in the past. So I'll tell you which event happened first and you'll need to write a sentence correctly using the past perfect.
这两个事件都发生在过去。我将告诉你哪个事件首先发生，你将需要用过去完成时正确地写出一个句子。
So the first event was we heard a strange noise and the second event was the lights went out immediately after. Now that part about immediately after is important because you can use an adverb to help explain that.
第一件事是我们听到一个奇怪的声音，第二件事是紧随其后灯就熄灭了。现在，紧随其后的这部分很重要，因为你可以使用副词来帮助解释这一点。
So you might write something like: We had just heard a strange noise when the lights went out. Now it's your turn to try.
所以你可以写一个像这样的句子：我们刚听到一个奇怪的声音，灯就熄灭了。现在轮到你尝试了。
So I want you to write your answers in the comments down below this video so that I can come down and check them for you, correct them if you need it. Ths first event.
我希望大家在此视频下方评论中写下自己的答案，如果大家需要的话，我就可以去看一看为大家检查并进行纠正。第一个事件。
I decided to leave. The second event.
我决定离开。第二个时间。
The boss called for a meeting. The second event was we bought plane tickets.
老板召集开会。第二件事情是我们买了飞机票。
The first event. The prices increased.
第一件事情。价格上涨。
Unexpectedly early. Last one.
出乎意料的早。最后一个。
First event. She looked around for help.
第一个事件。她环顾四周寻求帮助。
Second event. A salesperson appeared, immediately afterwards.
第二个事件。随后推销员马上出现了。
Awesome work! I have got one extra challenge for you if you really want to test your skills, see how well you can do.
太棒啦！如果你想继续测试你的技能的话，我还有另外一个挑战哦，看看你能做得怎么样。
I want you to write a short story for me about a misadventure that you've had once in the past. So I want you to try and use three examples of the past perfect.
我想让大家写一篇短篇小说，关于你过去曾经遭受的不幸。我希望你尝试使用三个过去完成时的例子。
And just so you know a misadventure is an adventure or a story but something went a little wrong. Something went not quite right, perhaps it's quite a funny story where you were running late, you missed your bus and you got rained on.
不幸的遭遇是一场冒险或者是一个故事，但是出了点差错。事情发展得不太对，可能是非常滑稽的故事，你起晚了，错过了公交车，被淋成了落汤鸡。
Or maybe it was a frustrating story about losing your keys, getting locked out and then missing an important meeting. I'm really excited to read these stories guys and I'm gonna do my best to give you feedback, especially if you get your stories written in the next couple of days, as soon as this video is released on my channel.
也许这是一个令人伤心的故事，你丢了钥匙，被锁在外面，然后错过了一次重要的会议。我很高兴能够去阅读这些故事，我会尽我的全力为大家我的反馈，尤其是如果你的故事在视频发布的几天之内就写好了的话。
Thank you for sticking with me through this lesson. I hope that it was useful and a little bit of fun.
感谢你和我一起坚持上完了本节课程。希望课程有用，也有一点点乐趣。
Make sure you subscribe to my channel and share this lesson with anyone who you know needs to practise their grammar a little. As always you can join me right here for our next lesson.
请一定要订阅我的频道，把这节课程分享你觉得应该练习一下他们的语法的人。同样的，大家可以加入我的下一节课程。
See you in there!
再见啦
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