课程安排
• 作业讲评
• 中考词汇听写
• 知识点回顾
• 课堂练习
一、现在完成时含义
现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说, 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。
e.g. I have lost my wallet. (含义是：现在我没有钱花了。)
Jane has laid the table.(含义是：已可以吃饭了。)
Michael has been ill. (含义是：现在仍然很虚弱。)
He has returned from abroad. (含义是：现在已在此地)
二、现在完成时结构与句型
助动词have /has 动词过去分词，主语为第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have 。
句型： 1、肯定句：主语 have /has 动词过去分词 其他。
I have studied English for 5 years .
2、否定句：主语 have /has not 动词过去分词 其他。
We haven’t been there .
3、一般疑问句：Have/Has 主语 动词过去分词 其他？
Has he eaten that apple ?
4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 have /has 主语 动词过去分词 其他？
Where have you been to recently?
三、现在完成时用法
1、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的情况,常与for, since连用。
e.g. Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
2、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用, 如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等：
e.g. He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven’t seen much of him recently/lately.
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet?
3、现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等：
e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing?
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
4、现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等。
e.g. Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has been too much rain this year.
The relations between us have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
5、现在完成时表示现在之前就已完成的动作, 虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续, 但是有一些现在完成时的句子，在后面加上for 一段时间，则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性。
E.g. Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语)
Thomas has studied Russian for three years.
(=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.)
6、现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。
e.g. We have had four texts this semester.
现在完成时中的时间状语：
★already通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经”，位于行为动词之前, be动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶。例如：
We have already cleaned the classroom.
Have you finished it already？
★yet用于疑问句中表示“已经”；用于否定句中，表示“还(没)”。例如：
—Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？
—No, not yet. 是, 还没有。
★ever意为“曾经”，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。例如：
Have you ever been there？你曾经去过那里吗？
Nothing has ever happened here. 这里未曾发生过什么事。
★never意为“（曾经）从未、没有”, 是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever与否定词not连用相当于never。例如：
I haven’t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话。
★just意为“刚刚”, 用于现在完成时, 表示行为刚刚过去, 位于助动词与过去分词之间。
e.g. He has just come back from school.他刚从学校回来。
★ just now意为“刚才”, 表示过去某时, 用于一般过去时, 位于句首或句尾均可。
e.g. He came from school just now.他刚才从学校回来。
★for 和since的用法及区别。for 与一段时间连用，since 与时间点连用。
注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。
e.g.
I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.
I haven’t seen her since she left Shanghai.
I saw Pingping six years ago. Since I have never seen her.
★have/has gone to、have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别:
have/ has gone to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地, 人还未回来
have/ has been to 曾经去过, 人已经回来了
have/ has been in 已经在…, 常与一段时间连用
e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去过上海。
She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海10年了。
Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青岛了吗？
但不能说 Have you gone to Qingdao?
难点：瞬间动词和延续性动词的转换
表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：
He has come here for 2 weeks. ×
The old man has died for 4 months. ×
They have left only for 5 minutes. ×
以上三句话可以改为：
He has been here for 2 weeks.
The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months.
They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes.
常见非延续性动词和延续性动词转化形式：
1、用相应的延续性动词或者近义词；
buy ------ have, borrow ----- keep, put on ------ wear,
catch/get a cold ------ have a cold, come/go/become ------ be.
2、转换成 be＋名词;
join the Party ------ be a Party member,
join the army ------ be a soldier,
go to school ------ be a student.
3、转换成be 介词短语 :
go to school ------ be in school,
join the army ------ be in the army.
4、转换成be adj.:
die ------ be dead, open——be open, get married-------be married , close ------ be closed
5、转换成be adv. :
begin/start ------ be on, leave (…) ------ be away (from), go——be away
finish ------ be over, come/arrive——be here come back——be back
现在完成时的两个常用句型及since和for的用法
1．现在完成时常用于下面两个句型中。
1)在有序数词及the only构成的这一句型中，用现在完成时。
It the first, the last
is 序数词 名词 (that) 现在完成时
This the only
It (This) is the second time that we've met each other.这是我们第二次见面。
It (This) is the only book that he has ever written.这是他写的唯一的一本书。
2)在有形容词最高级构成的这一句型中，用现在完成时。
It the best, the worst
is 最高级 名词 (that) 现在完成时
This the most interesting
It is the best film that I've ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the most interesting book that I've ever read.这是我读过的最有趣的书。
2．since的三种用法。
①过去的时间点(a point of time in the past)
since ②一段时间(a period of time) ago
③从句（谓语用非持续性动词的过去时）
He has taught English at this school since 1993. 1993年以来，他一直在这学校教英语。
I haven't seen him since three years ago. 3年来我一直没见过他。
Great changes have taken place here since you left.你离开以来，这儿发生了巨大变化。
小练习
1) — How long_____________ you_____________ the bicycle?
— About two weeks.
A. have; had B. have; bought C. did; buy D. have; get
2) — Oh, Mrs King, your necklace looks nice. Is it new?
— No, I______________ it for two years.
A. had B. have had C. bought D. have bought
3) The foreign guests_____________ here almost a week.
A. have arrived B. have been C. have reached D. have got
4) Professor Li______________ back from the United States for over two months.
A. has come B. has been C. had come D. came
5) John got sick last January and_______________ in bed since then.
A. was B. has been C. had been D. would be
6) My uncle went to Australia last year. We haven't seen him______________________ .
A. since almost a year B. from almost a year on
C. after almost a year D. since almost a year ago
【Keys】
2. 1) A 2) B 3) B 4) B 5) B 6) D
四、过去完成时
（一）过去完成时的概念
过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一事件之前已经发生的动作或状态，即过去的过去。图示如下：
----|-------------------------- |---------------------------|----------------------->
过去完成 过去 现在 将来
（二）构成
1、肯定句：主语 had＋过去分词
When we got there, the football match had already started.
2、否定句：主语 had not 过去分词
He hadn’t worked for two years by then.
3、疑问句：had 主语 过去分词…？
Had he finished the work by last month?
（三）用法
1、过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态; 句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。
e.g. By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom.
2、过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。例如：
Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.
3、在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
4、在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
5、by the time “直到……时候”。指从过去某一点到从句所示的时间为止的一段时间。如：
By the time we got to his house, he had finished supper.
6、表示意向的动词, 如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等, 用过去完成时表示 “原本…，未能…”。例如：
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
Exercises
2008静安区一模
45. Mr. Li knows much about London. He _________ to the city three times.
A) goes B) went C) has gone D) has been
46. They ________ about how to protect our earth when I entered.
A) will talk B) have talked C) are talking D) were talking
49. If Tom isn’t careful enough with his work, more mistakes _________ later.
A) are made B) are making C) have made D) will be made
Keys：DDD
2008闵行区一模
41. If it ______ tomorrow, we will go skating with you.
A) doesn’t snow B) won’t snow C) didn’t snow D) wouldn’t snow
45. Tom ______ in our school since nearly four years ago.
A) studied B) has studied C) would study D) had studied
49. A new high building ______ from out of an old ruin (废墟) here next year.
A) created B) was created C) will create D) will be created
Keys：ABD
2008徐汇区一模
45. The television set ______ properly since the elderly man moved to this flat.
A) doesn’t work B) hasn’t worked C) didn’t work D) isn’t working
48. Red lanterns ______ under the roof before the door on New Year’s Day in China.
A) hanged B) hung C) are hanged D) are hung
50. Listen! Mike and his classmates ______ the football match in the classroom.
A) are discussing B) were discussing C) discussed D) has discussed
Keys：BDA
2008普陀区一模
49. I remember Mum ______ you about his return to Shanghai at the table this morning.
A) is telling B) told C) has told D) to tell
50. Mike will give you a call if he _____ some new information.
A) will get B) is getting C) gets D) got
52. --_____ your car _____ every week? --Yes .
A) Does, wash B) Will, wash C) Have, washed D) Is, washed
Keys: BCD
2008嘉定区一模
( ) 44. —Your school looks so _________.
—Yes. A lot of trees and grass ______ last year.
A. beautiful; are planted B. beautiful; were planted
C. beautifully; were planted D. beautifully; have planted
( ) 48. We are not sure if it _________ tomorrow. If it _________, our sports meeting will be put off.
A. will rain; rains B. rains; will rain
C. will rain; will rain D. rains; rains
( ) 52. Three students from the earthquake area are studying in our school at present.
A. a moment ago B. now C. just now D. at once
Keys: BAB
2008宝山区一模
50. A: ________ a new bridge over that river now?
B: Yes, it has.
A) Has.. .built B) Is.. .being built
C) Will...be built D) Has...been built
53. A: When ________ the train________?
B: In ten minutes.
A) has ...left B) will...be leave
C) is...leaving D) did...leave
Keys: DC
2008崇明县一模
45. Please be quiet! The students ______ a lesson in the next room now.
A) have B) would have C) are having D) was having
46. When we were children, we ______ swimming together every weekend in summer.
A) go B) went C) will go D) have gone
47. Sorry, Mr. Wang, I ______ my work yet, but I promise to make it in 10 minutes.
A) won’t do B) wouldn’t do C) haven’t done D) hadn’t done
Keys: CBC
2008虹口区一模
43. —Is John coming this evening?
--No, he can’t. He___________ for his exam.
A. has studied B. studies C. studied D. is studying
Keys: D
2008黄埔区一模
42. Lots of goods ______ to the earthquake-stricken areas last year.
A) were delivered B) deliver C) are delivered D) had delivered
49. They _______ the group discussion before their teacher came in.
A) have started B) started C) had started D) start
50. Thousands of people _______ the “Bird Nest” since it was put into use.
A) have visited B) are visiting C) will visit . D) had visited
Keys: ACA
2008金山区一模
49. Ben has ______ ill for about a week. Let’s go to see him together.
A) fallen B) felt C) become D) been
50. A piece of grass ______around the neck of each bird．
A) is tied B) ties C) has tied D) tied
Keys: DA
2008卢湾区一模
48. Usually computers ______ to search the Internet in our spare time.
A) use B) are using C) used D) are used
50. --- I called you at about half past eight last night, but nobody answered.
--- Oh, I ______ in my office at that time.
A) will work B) was working C) worked D) had worked
51. --- This is a no-left-turn area. Don’t you see the sign?
--- Oh, sorry. I ______ it.
A) hadn’t seen B) won’t see C) don’t see D) didn’t see
Keys: DBD
2008南汇区、浦东新区一模
42. Wendy _____ more than 1,500 new English words since last term.
A) memorizes B) memorized C) has memorized D) had memorized
49. I wonder if it _____ tomorrow. If it _____, we won’t go for a picnic.
A) will rain…will rain B) rains…rains C) rains…will rain D) will rain…rains
52. The meat _______ bad unless you put it in the fridge.
A) doesn’t go B) goes C) won’t go D) will go
Keys: CDD
2008青浦区一模
42. When I went in the classroom, Miss Wang ______ some new words on the blackboard.
A) writes B) wrote C) was writing D) has written
43. The top ten tennis players are coming to Shanghai. Who _____ the Tennis Masters’ Cup? Let’s wait and see.
A) wins B) will win C) won D) has won
Keys: CB
2008松江区一模
44. Miss Wang ______ her voice when some students ______ noises at the same time.
A) rose, made B) was raised, made
C) raised, made D) was risen, were made
46. So far more than 10 people ______ in the car accident last Friday.
A) died B) die C) dying D) have died
Keys: CD
Homework：1）真题练习
2）综合卷
3）错题整理
2008杨浦区一模
33. Look! The workers from Shanghai ______ houses for the victims in the earthquake-stricken area.
A) are rebuilding B) rebuilt C) had rebuilt D) will rebuild
34. In half a year you ______ a senior high school student. Isn’t it exciting!
A) become B) will become C) became D) have become
Keys: AB
2008闸北区一模
48. – What did your son say in the letter?
– He told me that he ______ the Cambridge University the next day.
A) will visit B) has visited C) is going to visit D) would visit
49. Shanghai World Financial(金融) Center ______ thousands of visitors since it opened to the public.
A) attracted B) attracts C) has attracted D) will attract
50. When I saw David yesterday, he ______ to the music with an earphone.
A) listened B) has listened C) was listening D) had listened
Keys: DCC
2008长宁区一模
42. This kind of air-conditioner in the shop ______ very well.
A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold
49. By the age of twelve, the little girl ______ her first collection of poems.
A. has published B. had published C. would publish D. published
51.The woman from the USA ______ the first gold medal(奖章) in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
A. wins B. will win C. have win D. won
52. The desks and chairs ______ to the children in Dujiangyan next week.
A. are sent B. will send C. have sent D. will be sent
53. I didn’t hear anyone shouting just now because I ______ to music with the earphone.
A. listened B. have listened C. was listening D. am listening
Keys: BBDDC
2009年宝山一模：
40. The professor with a number of students ___________ doing experiments in the lab at that time.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
41. Fourteen people were killed after Typhoon Khanun ___________ East China in September 2005.
A. took place B. came C. hit D. happened
42. You have hardly changed these years. How did you manage to ___________ so young?
A. become B. turn C. make D. stay
46. Jane ___________ to answer the difficult questions that was ___________ by the teacher.
A. rose...raised B. raised...risen C. rose...risen D. raised...raised
47. The old man at the bus stop found it difficult for him to ___________ the crowded bus.
A. get up B. get on C. get off D. get along
63. It is important for us to ___________ our friendship. (strong)
68. Bill didn’t break the window. (改为被动语态)
The window ___________ ___________ by Bill.
【Keys】
40. C 41. C 42. D 46. A 47. B 63. strengthen
68. wasn’t broken
,
