据美联社、美国有线电视新闻网等多家媒体报道,本月初发生在智利复活节岛(Easter Island)上的火灾对岛上一些雕像造成了永久性破坏(permanent damage)。
复活节岛石像 图源:视觉中国
当地官员称,一场由拉诺·拉拉库火山(Rano Raraku volcano)引发的大火从当地时间10月3日开始,席卷了复活节岛100余公顷的土地,破坏了岛上著名的由500多年前波利尼西亚一个部落创造的摩艾(Moai)石像。
The fire, caused by the nearby Rano Raraku volcano, started Monday and razed more than 100 hectares of the island, damaging its famous stone-carved statues known as "Moai" which were created by a Polynesian tribe over 500 years ago, native officials reported.
遭受大火破坏的摩艾石像 图源:美国有线电视新闻网
复活节岛距离智利约3500公里,是地球上有人类居住的最与世隔绝的岛屿,被联合国教科文组织列入了《世界遗产名录》。这个偏远的小岛因岛上巨大的摩艾石像而闻名,成为世界各地游客们的理想旅游目的地。
距今约900年前,波利西尼亚人从海上第一次来到拉帕努伊(Rapa Nui)岛(拉帕努伊是当地人对复活节岛的称呼)。长期以来,研究人员都十分好奇这些巨大的雕像究竟从何而来。
Polynesian seafarers first arrived on Rapa Nui approximately 900 years ago, and have long made researchers curious why the huge statues were placed where they are.
联合国教科文组织称,波利西尼亚人在复活节岛上定居,并建立了 “强大的、极具想象力和独创性且不受外界影响的纪念雕像和建筑传统”,比如“巨大的直立石像‘摩艾’,它创造了一个绝无仅有的景观,吸引着全世界人”。
According to UNESCO, the Polynesian society settled on the island and established a "powerful, imaginative and original tradition of monumental sculpture and architecture, free from any external influence," such as the "erected enormous stone figures known as Moai, which created an unrivaled landscape that continues to fascinate people throughout the world."
曾经的复活节岛石像 图源:视觉中国
而如今这一无与伦比的旅游胜地却因大火而损失严重。
复活节岛上共有约800尊石像,其中一半位于拉诺·拉拉库火山内。本次大火不仅烧毁了100多余公顷的土地,也蔓延到了拉诺·拉拉库火山内部,破坏了火山内部约20座石像。火山外也有一些受损的石像。
复活节岛所属的拉帕努伊市市长佩德罗·埃德蒙兹·帕尔(Pedro Edmunds Paoa)说,野火的高温加速了石像风化的速度,最终可能使其变成沙子。
The high temperature of the forest fire accelerated the process through which the stone carvings will eventually turn into sand, Mayor Pedro Edmunds Paoa said.
遭受大火破坏的摩艾石像 图源:人民视觉
他说,这次破坏是“不可修复,也无法估量的”。
The damage is "irreparable and immeasurable as well," he said.
埃德蒙兹·帕尔告诉当地一家电台,高温烧灼摩艾石像,导致石像开裂,随着时间的推移,它会逐渐崩塌。
The high temperatures calcinate the stone of Moais, which leads it to "crack" and with time "it starts to collapse," Edmunds Paoa told a local radio station.
大火后的拉帕努伊国家公园 图源:人民视觉
那么,这次的大火是从何而来的呢?
据报道,复活节岛大规模山火由岛上居民烧荒引发。由于新冠疫情造成岛上消防和文物保护人员配备不足,导致此次火灾失控。
埃德蒙兹·帕尔指责当地居民在岛上饲养牛马并经常焚烧草地的行为。他还认为,智利政府“放弃”了复活节岛。
Edmunds Paoa blamed locals who raise cows and horses in the island and regularly burn grassland. And he accused the state of abandoning the island.
他说:“避免事故和火灾的工作包含一个需要资源的预防计划,而这正是我们所没有的。”
"The work of avoiding accidents and fires involves a prevention plan that requires resources and that's what we don't have," he said.
编辑:朱迪齐
实习生:王潇雨
来源:环球网 澎湃新闻 美联社 美国有线电视新闻网
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