Hi, I'm Maria. Welcome to Oxford Online English! ，下面我们就来聊聊关于英语词汇的英文怎么写?接下来我们就一起去了解一下吧!
英语词汇的英文怎么写
Hi, I'm Maria. Welcome to Oxford Online English!
In this lesson, you can learn about the pronunciation of contractions. You'll see how to make contractions, how to pronounce them, and when to use contractions in English.
嗨，我是Maria，欢迎来到Oxford Online English ！本节课里，您会学到缩读的发音规则，您会了解 怎样缩读，他们又是如何发音的，以及在英文里什麽时候要用缩读。
What are contractions?
什麽是缩读？
Contractions are when we put two words together by making one word shorter.
缩读是两个字构成一个更短的字。
For example:
例如：
But which words can you make contractions from?
但哪些字可以缩读构成一个更短的字呢？
Here are the words that can make contractions in English: am, are, is, will, would, have, has, had. Let's see an example in a sentence:
下面这些字在英文中可以缩读：我们来看一个例句：
You are the nicest person I have ever met.
您是我见过的最好的人。
We can make two contractions here. Can you see where?
这句话里，有两个地方可以缩读。 您知道是哪两个地方吗？
You can contract you are to you're, and I have to I've.
you are可以缩读成you're， I have缩读成I've。
You're the nicest person I've ever met. The pronunciation of contractions can change depending on how fast you're speaking. The pronunciation can be quite clear and 'textbook':
缩读的发音速度可以根据。您的语速而改变。您可以说得像课本一样准确和清晰：
You're the nicest person I've met. Or, the pronunciation can be faster and weaker:
或者缩读部分可以说得更快、更弱：
You're the nicest person I've met. This fast, weak pronunciation is very common.
这种速度和弱音很常见。
Let's do another example:
我们再来看一个例句：
They will think he has gone completely mad!
他们会认为他已经彻底疯了！
Can you see where we can make contractions? Here's the answer:
您能看出句子里哪个地方可以缩读吗？ 答案就是：
They'll think he's gone completely mad! Many English learners find contractions with will difficult to pronounce.
很多学英文的人会觉得缩读！很难发音。
Let's practice quickly: say they'll.
那我们现在就开始练习：跟我念 they'll。
As you pronounce the vowel, /eɪ/, slide your tongue forward to add the /l/ sound.
当您发元音/e？/时， 向前滑动舌头多发一个/l/音。
They'll They'll Now, try the full sentence:
现在试着念整个句子：
They'll think he's gone completely mad! Let's try one more time: they'll think he's gone completely mad! Again, this time at natural speed: they'll think he's gone completely mad! Let's do one more example:
我们再念一次：they’ll think he’s！这次，我们再用自然语速念一遍：mad！ 我们再做一个练习：
I am sure she would call if anything had happened. Here, you can make three contractions. Can you see them?
这个例句里有三个地方可以缩读。您找到了吗？
We can make contractions with am, would and had:
他们是am， would 和 had：
I'm sure she'd call if anything'd happened. Try saying the sentence. Let's do it together, slowly: I'm sure she'd call if anything'd happened.
Let's try it once more, at natural speed: I'm sure she'd call if anything'd happened. Do you notice anything here?
There are two things which we need to pay attention to.
我们一起慢速念一遍：我们再用自然语速念一遍：您有注意到什麽吗？这个例句里有两个地方要我们关注：
Firstly, different words (had and would), can have the same contraction: 'd.
首先，两个不同的字（had和would）都可以缩读成：'d。
Secondly, the pronunciation of the 'd contraction is different in she'd and anything'd.
其次，'d在she'd和anything'd里的发音是不一样的。
Do you know why?
这是为什麽呢？
Let's find out!
我们来看看！
Most contractions have two different pronunciations.
大多数缩读形式都有两种不同的发音。
The only contractions which never change are will and am. Contractions of will are always pronounced 'll. Am is always 'm.
但will和am 例外，他们的发音永远只有一种。 所以，will缩读念’llam缩读念'm。
Contractions of are, is, would, have, has and had can have different pronunciations.
像are， is， would， have， has 和 had 这些字的缩读就会有不同的发音。
Why does the pronunciation change? It mostly depends on the sound before the contraction.
为什麽发音会变呢？ 这大部分取决于缩读形式之前的字的发音。
Sometimes, it depends on the sound after the contraction.
有时候，也取决于缩读形式之後的字的发音。
For would, have, and had, it depends whether the sound before the contraction is a vowel or a consonant.
would， have， 和 had这几个字，他们的发音 就要看缩读前面的音是元音还是辅音。
The contraction of have is pronounced /v/ after a vowel sound:
当have在元音之後缩读时，‘ve念/v/音：
I've, we've, they've. After a consonant, the contraction of have is pronounced /əv/: could've, would've, might've.
The same rule is true for would and had. The contraction is pronounced /d/ after a vowel, and /əd/ after a consonant:
如果他在辅音之後，'ve念/？v/音：这个规则同样适用於would和had。 他们的缩读在元音之後，’d念/d/音，在辅音之後，念/？d/音：
I'd, she'd, But: it'd, Tom'd.
但是，像it’d， Tom’d。
There's one exception to this: if someone's name ends with a vowel sound, we usually treat it like a consonant for contractions. So, if you want to say:
有一个例外：如某人的名字最後一个音 是元音，我们通常会把它当做缩读形式前面的辅音。所以，当您想说：
Sophie'd help you if you asked her. Even though Sophie ends with a vowel sound, we generally pronounce the contraction as /əd/, because it's a name.
Sophie’d help you if you asked her 时， 因为Sophie是人名，所以即使它，最後一个音是元音， 一般缩读会念成/？d/。
Notice how I said 'usually' and 'generally'? It's because this isn't exactly a rule.
请注意我讲的是"通常"和"一般"情况下， 因为这准确地说不算是一种规则。
It's more common, and I advise you to follow it, but not all native speakers speak this way all the time.
这种发音很常用，我建议您这样做， 但同时要知道不是所有母语人士都会这样一直说。
Next, let's look at is and has.
接下来，我们看看is和has。
The contraction of is and has is pronounced /z/ after most sounds: he's, there's, Dave's. However, after /t/, /p/, /k/, /f/ or /θ/, the contraction of is or has is pronounced /s/. it's, Seth's, top's.
We don't contract is or has after the sounds /tʃ/, /ʃ/, /dʒ/, /ʒ/, /s/ or /z/, because the contraction would be impossible to pronounce clearly.
大多数情况下，is和has的缩读 都念/z/音。但在/t/， /p/， /k/， /f/或/θ/音之後， 缩读会念另外，is和has在/t？/， /tʃ/, /ʃ/, /dʒ/, /ʒ/, /s/ 或 /z/ 这些音之後不缩读。因为缩读後，字根本无法清晰念。
That leaves are. Are is a bit different, because the pronunciation depends on the sound after, not before. Look at an example:
最後一个 —— are。are有些不同，它的 缩读念法取决於他之後的音，而不是之前的音。我们来看一个例子：
We're a good team. We're the best team.
我们是一个出色的团队，我们是最好的团队。
Before a vowel sound, the contraction of are has a /r/ sound. Before a consonant sound, the contraction is pronounced as a schwa sound: /ə/.
在元音之前，缩读念/r/。在辅音之前，念schwa音 /ə/.
Now, you've seen common contractions and how to pronounce them.
现在，您学习了一些常用的缩读形式以及念法。
Next, let's look at the pronunciation of negative contractions.
接下来，我们学习否定形式的缩读念法。
If you have an auxiliary verb plus not, you can put the words together and contract not to n't.
如果助动词 not，您可以合并放在助动词之後，并缩读n't。
For example:
例如：
This isn't a full list.
这里没有一一列出全部的清单。
There's one which is a bit strange: will not contracts to won't.
另外，还有一个字是比较奇怪的： will not 的缩读是won’t。
Also, you can't make a negative contraction with am not. You can't say amn't. Why not? I can't even say amn't. Saying amn't is really difficult. That's why.
还有，am not没有缩读，您不能说amn't。为什麽呢？那是因为amn't 这个形式很难 念，甚至念不出来。
Let's try a few examples. Look at this sentence. Where can you make contractions?
下面，我们做一些练习。请看下面的例句，哪个地方是可以缩读的？
He does not understand why they did not help him.
我们可以这样缩读：
We can contract this to:
我们可以这样缩读：
He doesn't understand why they didn't help him. Let's practice together. Say the sentence after me, slowly: He doesn't understand why they didn't help him.
Now, let's try again, at natural speed: He doesn't understand why they didn't help him. Let's do another: They are not happy that the company has not told them anything. There are two contractions here. Can you see them?
接着，请大家跟着我一起慢速念：why they didn’t help him。 现在，我们尝试用 自然语速再念一次：这里有两个地方缩读，您找到了吗？
They aren't happy that the company hasn't told them anything. Repeat the sentence after me: They aren't happy that the company hasn't told them anything.
Try once more: They aren't
跟我念：They aren't happy that the company hasn't told them anything.
再来一次： happy that the company hasn't told them anything.
We'll do one more example: told them anything。
请大家我们再做例句练习：
You should not have said yes if you could not do it.
Where are the possible contractions here?
这个例句里的哪个地方要缩读呢？
You shouldn't have said yes if you couldn't do it.
Repeat the sentence after me: You shouldn't have said yes if you couldn't do it.
请跟我重复念一次：You shouldn’t have。
Try once more: You shouldn't have said yes if you couldn't do it.
Sometimes with negative
多练习一次：You shouldn't have said yes if you couldn't do it.
有时， contractions, there are two possible contractions.
For example: They are not here yet.
否定含义的缩读有两种形式。
例如：他们还没到这里。
You could contract this to:
您可以缩读：
They aren't here yet. Or:
或者是：
They're not here yet. In most places, the first option is more common.
That means you contract not.
在很多地方，第一种是很常见的， 也就是说您缩读not。
However, both are correct, and it doesn't matter which one you use.
但这两种形式都是正确的， 您用哪一个都可以。
So now you know how to form and pronounce common contractions, but when should you use them?
现在您已经知道怎样缩读以及怎样念了， 但是您什麽时候用他们呢？
Generally, you should use contractions when you speak. Using contractions sounds more natural in spoken English.
一般来说，您说英文时就要用了。在英文口说中用缩读会更自然。
Look at an example from earlier:
我们看之前的一个例句：
He does not understand why they did not help him.
If you're speaking to someone, and you say this sentence without the contractions, it sounds a bit robotic and unnatural.
Try it—say the sentence out loud with no contractions.
如果您和别人说话时不缩读，听起来有点像读稿机，不自然。 您可以试着用这种方式大声的念出来。
Doesn't it sound a bit strange? Pronouncing the contractions makes it sound much more natural:
有没有一点怪怪的？所以， 用缩读方式会让句子听起来更自然。
He doesn't understand why they didn't help him. So, are there any cases where you shouldn't use contractions?
那麽，什麽时候您不能缩读？
If you're speaking more formally, you might use fewer contractions.
在正式场合，我们尽量少用。
If you want to emphasise something, you shouldn't use contractions. For example:
当您想强调某件事，不缩读。
That is not what I said. He is the best player.
例如：我不是那么说的。他是最棒的球员。
I have called several times.
我已经打过很多次电话了。
You need to use the full, uncontracted form if you need to emphasise the verb or negative.
如果您想强调某个动作或否定含义时， 需要用完整的无缩读方式。
There's one more case where you can't use contractions: don't use positive contractions at the end of a sentence or clause.
还有一种您不能缩读的状况：从句或句末，不要用肯定含义的缩读。
For example, if someone asks you:
例如，有人问您：
Is he ready? You should answer:
您应该回答：
Yes, he is. And not:
而不是：
Yes, he's. However, negative contractions can go at the end of a sentence or clause, so it's fine to say:
但是，句尾或从句里可以用否定形式的缩读，可以这样说：
No, he isn't. What about written English?
那么，在英文写作里又怎样呢？
You can use contractions in informal writing; you probably shouldn't use contractions in formal writing, like an essay.
如果是非正式的书写，可以用缩读形式， 但如果是很正式的写作，例如论文，就不应该用缩读形式。
Also, many contractions are used in speech but not generally in writing. For example, you can say:
还有就是，演讲里可以用缩读，但文章里一般不用。例如，您可以说：
These're the chocolates that your friends've sent us. This'd be a good time to think about it.
思考这个问题正是时候。
Contractions like these're, friends've and this'd aren't often used in written
像是these're， friends've和this'd这些缩读就不会常出现在
English, even in very informal writing.
英文写作里，甚至是不太正式的 写作里也不会用。
If you're not sure if you can use a contraction or not when you're writing, then just use the full form.
如果您在写作时不确定是否要用缩读形式，那就不用。
There are some more contractions like this, which are common in spoken language, but which aren't written down.
像这样的缩读还有很多，通常是在口说里，但不会写下来。
Let's take a look:
我们看看：
Here's a sentence:
有这样一个例句：
They would have enjoyed it, but they would not have stayed long. What contractions can you make here?
您可以在这用什麽缩读？
Well, would contracts to 'd, and have contracts to 've. What does that give us? In the first part, you should say:
好，would缩读念'd，have缩读念've。我们得到了什麽？在首部份，您要说：
They'd've enjoyed it… Listen once more: They'd've enjoyed it. . .
They’d’ve enjoyed it…听多一次：
Try one more time, a little faster: They'd've enjoyed it… What about the second part of the sentence?
再听一次，这次快一点：那後面的部分呢？
Not contracts to n't. Have contracts to 've. So, you say: … but they wouldn't've stayed long. Try saying the whole sentence with the contractions:
这里not缩读念n't，have缩读念‘ve。 所以，您会说：试着念一下有缩读的整句话：
They'd've enjoyed it, but they wouldn't've stayed long. Try once more, at natural speed:
自然语速再来一次：
They'd've enjoyed it, but they wouldn't've stayed long. Do these contractions look weird?
觉得这些缩读怪怪的吗？
If so, it's because we almost never write them.
如果觉得怪怪的，那是因为我们从来不会这样写。
What other contractions are like this?
还有哪些类似的缩读？
You can contract did to 'd in speaking, but not in writing: her? here? it?
您能在口说时缩读did念’d，但是写作里不可以：tell her？(您为什麽告诉她了？) get here？（您什麽时候到这里的？）you like it？（您觉得怎样？）
You can contract will have to 'll've and would have to 'd've: left by now. been late anyway.
您可以缩读will have念'll've， would have 缩读念‘d've：left by now。
（现在他们应该已经离开了。）been late anyway。（无论如何，我们都会迟到。）
You can contract not have after a modal verb to n't've: helped. said anything.
您可以把情态动词之後的not have 缩读念'n't've：couldn’t’ve helped。
（他们不可能帮过忙。）
said anything。（我什麽都没说。）
Remember: use these contractions when you speak, but not in writing!
记住：您只能在口说里缩读，在写作里不可以！
You can find more free English lessons on our site: Oxford Online English dot com.
Thanks for watching!
感谢观看！
See you next time!
再见！
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