名词的学习并不复杂，下面这个简单的思维导图就概括了名词的所有知识点和考点。
一、考点梳理
二、名词的数
其中常考的知识点是名词的数，所以现在我们先复习名词的数。
1.名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词——可以数的名词 ：girl boy man woman book teacher student
不可数名词——数不清（没有复数）：drink milk tea water juice coke coffee porridge
2. 可数名词分为单数和复数。
名词单数就是该词本身，在其前面加a或an。a boy, a girl
复数名词是指名词的数量“大于一”，如: two books (两本书） four students (四个学生)
不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用，没有复数形式。
3. ※对可数名词的数量提问用how many ，对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much
How many boys are there in your class?
How much water are there in the bottle?
4.可数名词单数变复数规则：
1）大多数名词单数变复数，直接在词尾加“s”。apple----apples，friend-----friends
2）以x、s、sh、ch结尾的，词尾加“es"。
bus-----buses box----- boxes match-----matches
3）以f或fe结尾的名词变成复数时，去掉f、fe，在词尾加ves。
leaf-----leaves thief-----thieves wife-----wives knife-----knives
口诀：妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌
躲在架后(shelf)保己命(oneself),半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。
4）.以o结尾的名词，分两种情况：
a.直接加“s”（无生命）， photo-----photos radio----- radios
b.在词尾加“es”（有生命），
hero 英雄-----heroes英雄们 potato-----potatoes tomato-----tomatoes
可以记一个口诀：英雄爱吃两道菜，土豆and西红柿。
5）以辅音字母加“y”结尾的名词，变“y”为“i”加“es”。
study-----studies baby-----babies
5. 不规则变化如下：
1) 元音字母发生变化。
man--men(男人) woman--women(妇女) tooth--teeth(牙齿) foot--fee t(脚) mouse--mice(老鼠) policeman--policemen(警察) policewoman--policewomen(女 警察)
2) 词尾发生变化。 child--children(小孩) ， ox--oxen(公牛)
3) 单、复数形式相同。
fish--fish(鱼) sheep--sheep(绵羊) deer--deer(鹿) Chinese--Chinese(中国人)， yuan--yuan(元) ，jin--jin(斤)
注意: 不说an English，要说an Englishman.
三、实践练习：
一）、写出下列单词的复数形式
book_______ family__________ nose _________ teacher__________ bus___________
boy_________ sheep_________ man__________ photo __________ knife____________
girl________ tomato_____________ child_____________ foot__________ box_________
二） 写出下列单词的单数形式
cities_______ teeth________ pianos_________ foxes________ strawberries___________
women_____________ babies _________ watches__________ potatoes____________
三）、用括号中单词的正确形式填空。
1. They have some new _______ (hat).
2. —What are these? —They are ______________ (orange).
3. There are many ______________ (box) here.
4. Give me some ______________ (egg), please.
5. —Are those your ______________ (shoe)? —Yes, they are.
6. In autumn, you can see a lot of ______________ (leaf) on the ground.
7. Do you want some ______________ (potato) for supper?
8. Two ______________ (family) live in this building.
9. I like ______________ (chicken) better than beef.
10. There are some ______________ (glass) on the table.
11. I have two ______________ (knife).
12. I can see two ______________ (policeman) standing near the door.
13. Would you like some ______________ (bread)?
14. The ______________ (child) are playing football now.
15. Please take two ______________ (photo) for me.
