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非谓语动词专讲专练
非谓语动词在句中不能作谓语。非谓语动词是中考考点之一，主要考查动词不定式和动词-ing形式。
动词不定式
考点一：作宾语。
1. 只能跟动词不定式(短语)作宾语的动词有agree, afford, ask, choose, decide, expect, fail, fear, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, promise, refuse, want, wish等。
2. “疑问词 动词不定式”在句中可以作宾语。
考点二：动词不定式的否定结构由 not 动词不定式构成。
【考例链接】单项选择
( )1. —Do you prefer ______ basketball with me?
—No, I'd rather ______ at home and watch TV.
A. play; stay B. to play; to stay C. play; to stay D. to play; stay
( )2. Cindy's grandmother is learning ______ the new mobile phone.
A. use B. uses C. used D. to use
( )3. —have you decided when ______?
—Yes, tomorrow morning.
A. will you leave B. are you leaving C. to leave
( )4. —Do you have any plans for the coming vacation?
—Sure. We decide ______ Sansha in July.
A. visit B. visiting C. visited D. to visit
考点三：作宾语补足语。
1. 一些动词后常跟动词不定式(短语)作宾语补足语，这类动词有allow, advise, ask, call, encourage, expect, force, get, help, invite, need, order, remind, teach, tell, train, want, warn等。
2. 使役动词(如make, let, have等)及感官动词(如see, feel, hear, watch, notice等)后跟动词不定式(短语)作宾语补足语时须省略to，但在变为被动语态时要加上to。
注意：make sb. done表示“使某人被……”。
have sth. done表示“让 / 叫 / 使 / 请别人做某事”。
【考例链接】单项选择
( )1. Though he often made his little sister ______, today he was made ______ by her.
A. cry; to cry B. cried; crying C. to cry; cry
( )2. —You'd better advise him ______ anything out of the window while driving.
—I will. He has to know it's dangerous.
A. not throwing B. no throwing C. not to throw D. don't throw
( )3. To keep children away from danger, we warn parents ______ children at home alone.
A. leave B. to leave C. not leave D. not to leave
( )4. For more than once, our head teacher asks us ______ the habit of keeping a diary.
A. develop B. develops C. developing D. to develop
( )5. There was so much noise outside that the teacher couldn't make herself ______.
A. hear B. heard C. to hear D. hearing
( )6. They're going to have their house ______.
A. painted B. paint C. painting D. to paint
考点四：作目的状语。
动词不定式(短语)在句中可作状语，表示目的。
【考例链接】单项选择
( )1. We'll do what we can ______ the sick man.
A. to help B. help C. helps D. helped
( )2. —What shall we do this weekend?
—We'll drive to Dongjiang Lake ______ boating.
A. to go B. go C. going
( )3. Doctors in the town are using the books ______ their studies and treat patients.
A. continue B. to continue C. continuing D. continues
( )4. As a volunteer, the girl wants to visit sick kids in the hospital ______ them up.
A. to cheer B. cheer C. cheering D. cheered
( )5. Whenever we kids come over, Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us ______ sure we don't break anything.
A. make B. made C. to make D. making
考点五：作主语。
作主语的动词不定式(短语)如果很短，通常位于句首；如果较长，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语——动词不定式(短语)放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。
考点六：作定语。
动词不定式(短语)作定语时，常放在所修饰词之后。
考点七：在某些固定词组或句型中用不带to的动词不定式(短语)。如：had better do, would rather do than do, Why not do ...?, prefer to do rather than do等。
【考例链接】 单项选择
( )1. —Mario, your mobile phone is ringing.
—Wait a minute. It's dangerous for us ______ it while crossing the street.
A. answering B. to answer C. answer D. answered
( )2. It's necessary for you ______ the classroom clean, class.
A. keep B. keeping C. to kee
( )3. Sleeping is a popular way ______ among students.
A. relax B. relaxed C. relaxing D. to relax
( )4. It is raining outside. Why not ______ an umbrella?
A. to take B. take C. taking
动词-ing形式
考点一：作宾语。
在初中阶段我们需要掌握的后面跟动词-ing形式作宾语的单词或短语有：
*avoid, consider, dislike, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, practice, stop, suggest (建议) 等。
*be afraid of, be busy, be good at, be interested in, be / get used to, be worth, can't help, care about, end up, feel like, give up, have fun (in), have difficulty (in), have a good time (in), how / what about, keep on, look forward to, put off, spend time in, thanks for等。
考点二：作宾语补足语。
见下面“动词不定式和动词-ing形式易混点考点二”。
考点三：作主语。
【考例链接】单项选择
( )1. Diana used to ______ to work, but now she is used to ______ because the road is crowded and she wants to keep fit.
A. drive; walking B. drive; walk C. driving; walk D. driving; walking
( )2. The workers are busy ______ windows to the new building these days.
A. fix B. fixed C. fixing D. to fix
( )3. My favorite TV program is “Readers”. I think we should spend as much time as we can ______ in our spare time.
A. read B. to read C. reading
( )4. —Jack hasn't taken his piano lessons for a long time.
—He is considering ______ his piano course and spending more time on his study.
A. to drop B. to throw C. dropping D. throwing
( )5. —Why did his father buy that phone watch for him?
—Because the GPS in the watch can help him to avoid ______ the way.
A. to lose B. lose C. loses D. losing
( )6. ______ is the best way to keep a good relationship with your parents, teachers and other people around you.
A. Active communicating B. Actively communicating
C. Actively communication D. Active communicate
动词不定式&动词-ing形式易混点
考点一：两种形式都可作宾语。
有些动词后作宾语的动词不定式(短语)或动词-ing形式的含义无差异，如like, love, prefer, hate, begin, start, continue, can't stand等。
有些动词后作宾语的两种形式含义有所不同，如：
regret to do sth. →遗憾要做某事
regret doing sth. →后悔做过某事
forget / remember to do sth. →忘记 / 记得要做某事
forget / remember doing sth. →忘记 / 记得做过某事
try to do sth. →设法做某事
try doing sth. →尝试做某事
need to do sth. →需要做某事
need doing →需要被做
mean to do sth→打算去做某事
mean doing sth. →意味着做某事
考点二：两种形式都可作宾语补足语。
感官动词(如see, watch, notice, feel, hear等) 后既可跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示动作的全过程；也可跟动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。
【考例链接】单项选择
( )1. —I'm sorry, Miss Green. I left my math book at home.
—It doesn't matter. Please remember ______ it here tomorrow.
A. taking B. to take C. bringing D. to bring
( )2. —The TV in your room is still on.
—Oh, I forgot ______.
A. turning it on B. turning it off C. to turn it off
( )3. I saw Tom ______ his key in the lock, turn it and open the door.
A. put B. putting C. puts D. to put
( )4. —I didn't hear you come in just now.
—That's good. I tried ______ the baby up.
A. to wake B. not to wake C. waking
动词不定式&动词-ing形式综合练习
【考例链接】用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
1. You look very tired. Why not _______(take) a rest?
2. He tried all the ways he could think of _______(protect) himself against all possible dangers.
3. My cousin is good at _______(dance).
4. —Why do you buy so many flowers, Justin?
—_______(celebrate) my mother's birthday.
5. —Bad luck! My watch doesn't work well.
—Take it easy. It just needs _______(repair).
6. Amy practices _______(play) the piano for over two hours every day.
7. We've worked for a long time; let's stop _______(have) a rest.
8. Children had fun _______(play) in Disneyland on Children's Day.
9. China Daily is worth _______(read); we can learn a lot from it.
10. If more people give up _______(drive) cars, the air will get much cleaner.
11. After finishing _______(do) your homework, you can have a good rest.
12. Many April Fool's jokes may end up _______(be) not very funny.
13. My father usually goes to work early _______(avoid) heavy traffic.
14. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to _______(take) risks.
15. I'd like to give my thanks to Alice for _______(share) her exciting experiences in Africa.
16. When I was free, I really enjoyed _______ around the town. (walk)
17. It is very important for children _______(learn) how to do chores at home.
18. Miss White often has us _____(tell) interesting stories in her English class.
19. Squirrels always like saving some food before winter comes. But they forget where _______(find) it from time to time.
20. All of us should look straight ahead and keep _______. (run)
责编 | 杨宁
审稿 | 李栋
校稿 | 吕放
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