1. a bit/ a little 这两个词都意为“一点儿”有时可以互换,但有时不能,下面我们就来聊聊关于初中英语短语重难点汇总?接下来我们就一起去了解一下吧!

初中英语短语重难点汇总(考点解析初中英语重点短语辨析)

初中英语短语重难点汇总

1. a bit/ a little

这两个词都意为“一点儿”有时可以互换,但有时不能。

.二者作程度副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或比较级时,意义相同,为“一点儿” “有些”。如:

① I am a bit / a little hungry.

我有点饿。

② He walked a bit / a little slowly.

他走路有点慢。

.二者都可以作名词词组,充当主语或宾语。如:

A little / bit is enough for me.

我有一点儿就够了。

② I know only a little / a bit about her. 我对她的情况只了解一点。

Ⅲ。a little可直接修饰名词;a bit后须加of才可以。如:

①. There is a little water in the bottle.

= There is a bit of water in the bottle.

[注意] a little of 后的名词通常特指,表“……中的一些”,如:

①May I have a little of your tea?

Ⅳ. 否定形式 not a little 作状语,相当于

very/ quite, “很”, “非常”;作定语

和宾语时,相当于much, 意为 “许多”。而not a bit 作状语时,相当于not

at all, 意为“一点也不”,作宾语时则相

当于not much. Eg:

① He is not a little (=very) hungry.

他饿极了。

② He is not a bit (=not at all) hungry.

他一点也不饿。

③ She ate not a little (=much).

她吃得很多。

Ⅴ. Not a bit 中的not 可以分开使用;not a little中的not 则不能分开。Eg:

① He felt not a bit tired.

= He didn’t feel a bit tired.

他觉得一点也不累。

② He felt not a little tired.

他觉得非常累。但不能说:

He didn’t fell a little tired.

2. a few/ few/ a little/ little

Ⅰ. a few和few修饰可数名词,a little和little修饰不可数名词;a few和a little表示肯定意义,few和little表示否定意义,可受only修饰。如:

Few people will agree to the plan because it’s too dangerous.

②This text is easy to understand though there are a few new words in it.

③ There is little water left in glass. Will you please give me some

④ Don’t worry, we have a little time left.

3. about/ on

Ⅰ.about “关于”表示的内容较为普通或指人时用它。侧重于叙事,多用于叙述个人经历和事迹,故事内容涉及一些较浅的问题。是非正式用语。

Ⅱ.on “关于”侧重于论述政治理论,国际形势,学术报告等。也就是说,当表示这本书,这篇文章或演说是严肃的或学术性的可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读时用。eg:

This is a text book on African history. 这是一本关于非州历史的教科书。[注]:它们有时可通用。

4. above/over/on/upon

Ⅰ. 方位介词,“在……之上”

Ⅱ. above 着重指:在……上方,不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为:below.

① The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳升到了地平线上。

② The aero plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。

Ⅲ.over 表盖在……上面,或铺在……上面。此时不能用above.代替。含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为under.

① Spread the tablecloth over the table.把桌布铺在桌子上。

Ⅳ. on 含有与表面相接触的意思。

① The book is on the desk.

② There is an oil painting on the wall. 墙上有一幅油画。

Ⅴ.upon 也含有和表面相接触的意思。与on没有多大的区别,但较正式,口语中较少用。

① He laid his hand upon the boy’s head. 他把手放在孩子的头上。

[注] up 与以上几个不同,它表示向上方或高处,含有由下而上,由低而高的意思。常和表示运动的动词连用。作副词时,表示在上方或高处。

① We run up a hill. 我们跑上山。

② The plane was high up in the air.飞机在高空中。

5. accident/incident “事故”

Ⅰ. accident 可以表示事故,指不幸的意外事件。也表偶然的事件。

① Twenty people were killed in the railway accident

② He met with an accident. 这完全是偶然的事。

Ⅱ. Incident 的意思是事件,尤指与较重大的事件相比,显得不重要的事件。它还可以表引起国际争端或战争的事件。

① It is a quite common incident.这是很普通的事。

② The Lugouqiao incident accrued on July 7th, 1937. 芦沟桥事件发生于1937年7月7日。

6. accept/receive

Ⅰ. accept “接受”,表示其行为是由主观意愿决定的。

① I accepted it without question. 我毫无疑问地接受了它。

② We have accepted his proposal. 我已接受了他的建议。

Ⅱ. receive “接到、收到、受到”表示其行为与主观意愿无关。如:

① I received a letter from him. 我收到了他的来信。

② He received the present, but he did not accept. 他收到了礼物,但没有接受下来。

③ He received a good education.他受到了良好的教育。

[注] 在表示接待、接见时,通常用 receive, 而不用 accept.

如:We often receive foreign guests. 我们经常接待外宾。

7. at hand/ in hand

Ⅰ. at hand“在手边;在附近;即将到来”如:

① When he writes, he always keeps a dictionary at hand. 他写东西时,手边总有一本字典。

② Spring is at hand. 春天就要来了。

Ⅱ. in hand “在手中的;现有的”引申为:“在掌握中;在处理中”。如:

① I have 100 yuan in hand. 我手头有100元钱。

② The police immediately had the situation in hand. 警方立即控制了局势。

8. accurate/exact/correct

Ⅰ. accurate “准确、精确” 不仅表无错误,且表细心,谨慎地做到符合标准,符合事实或真象。如:

① Clocks in railway stations must be accurate.火车站的钟必须准确。

② The figures are not accurate.这些数字不精确。

Ⅱ. exact “精确、确切”强调完全符合标准,符合事实或真象,丝毫没有差错。它这三个中语意最强。如:

① His translation is exact to the letter. 他的翻译翻译确切。

② Your description is not very exact.你的描述不很确切。

Ⅲ.correct. “正确”指按照一定的标准或规则,而没有错误。在这有一个词中,它的语意最弱。

① His answer is correct. 他的回答是正确的。

② The thing turned out to be correct. 事情结果是对的。

9. ache/pain “痛”

Ⅰ. ache 通常指一种持续的隐痛。 它可以与表身体某部分的词,组成复合词。如:

① Where is the ache? 哪里痛?

② I have a headache (stomachache, toothache atc).

Ⅱ. pain 是普通用语。不含持续痛的意味,尤指一种突然的剧痛。除指肉体上的外,还指精神的痛苦。如:

① I feel a great deal of pain. 我感到非常痛。

② He cried with pain. 他痛得直叫。

③ I have a pain in the arm. 我手臂痛。

④ I have pains all over. 我浑身痛。

⑤ It gave us much pain to learn of the sad news. 听到不幸的消息很悲痛。

10. across/through/ over

Ⅰ. across “横过、穿过”,指从……的一边到另一边。含义与on有关。如:

① I swam across the river. 我游过这条河(指从此岸到彼岸)

② Let’s help push the cart across the bridge.我们帮着把车子推过桥吧。

Ⅱ. through “穿过、通过”指穿过两边。是从空间较狭窄的一头穿到另一头。是从内部穿过,含义与in有关。如:

① We walked through the forest. 我们穿过森林。

② The river flows through the city from west to east. 这条河从西到东流过城市。

Ⅲ. over“横过、跨越”指横过道路、河流等“细长物”时,与across通用。Over 虽可指从表面的接触及跳(飞)越,但指渡过则不能用。从房间、原野、海洋等“平面延伸”的一端横越到另一端时也不能使用。而常用across.

① She went across / over the bridge.

② He jumped across / over the stream他跳过了小溪。

③ She swam across the straight of Dover. 她游过了多佛尔海峡。

④ They drove across the desert. 他们驶过沙漠。

另外,over作介词还有“翻过……”的意思,如:climb the mountain 翻过那座山。

11. to do sth/ doing sth

动词不定式(to do sth)与动词的ing 形式,都是非谓语动词。一般地, 不定式表示:具体的,某一次特定的或将来的行为。而动词的-ing 形式则表示:抽象的,一般地,具有普遍性的,或正在进行的行为。在句中都能作:主语,宾语,定语,状语,宾补等。如:

① I like swimming, but I dn’t like to go today. 我喜欢游泳,但今天我不想去。

[注]:下列动词接to do sth.和doing sth 的不同意义:

12. towards/ to / for

Ⅰ. for “向……”,接在leave, start, depart 等动词之后,表方向。如:

① She is leaving for Beijing. 她将动身到北京去。

Ⅱ. towards 仅表“方向”,比for 的意味要强。如:

① He is coming towards the house. 他向这房子走来。

Ⅲ. to “向,朝……”表目的地。接在动词come, go, return, proceed, move, march 等后。如:

① Let’s go to Yangzhou by steamer. 让咱们乘船去杨州吧!

② Soon after his return(he returned) to England, his father died. 当他回英国不久后,他的父亲便去世了。

13. treat/ heal

二者都是动词,treat意为“治疗”,强调用药物或医疗手段医治的过程,并不表示治疗了效果。heal意为“治愈”,指医好伤病。如:

① The dentist is treating his teeth.牙医在为他治牙。

② The doctor healed my burns. 医生治好了我的烧伤。

14. used to do sth/ be used to doing sth/

be used to do sth/ would

Ⅰ. Used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”(现在不做了),只用于过去时态。如:

① He used to get up early.过去他常早起。(现在已不这样了)

② Her mother used to go shopping on Fridays, but now she does it on Sunday.她母亲过去常在周五去购物,但现在她周日去了。

Ⅱ. Be used to (doing)sth. “习惯于做某事”,be used 是被动语态结构。可用于现在、过去、将来多种时态。Be可用get, become等代替。如:

① He will be / has been used to getting up early. 他将会/ 已经习惯于早起。

Ⅲ. Be used to do sth. “被用于做某事”, be used 是被动语态结构,其中不定式表目的,可用于多种时态。如:

① Wood is used to make paper.木材用来造纸。

[注]:used to 的否定式有两种:一是:used not to 二是:didn’t use to 如:

① My father used not to smoke. = My father didn’t use to smoke.我爸爸过去不抽烟。

② They used not to live in the country. = They didn’t use to live in the country.

其疑问式是将used 提前,或添加助动词 did.

Ⅳ.would 是情态动词,没有象used to那样,有过去和现在的对比。不能说明是否现在还做不做。

15. very / right / just

Ⅰ. right “正好”“就” “立刻”等。如:

① Mike lives right opposite the street.麦克就住在街对面。

② There’s a big stone right in the middle of the road. 路正中有块在石头。

③ Lily met an accident right here. 莉莉就是在这儿出事的。

④ She’ll be right back. 她马上就回来。

Ⅱ. Just 作为副词,常用在祈使句前以加强语气。如:

① Just think of the result. 试想一下后果吧。

② Just touch it . 你摸摸吧。

③ Just wait a moment, please.请稍等。

Ⅲ. very 作为形容词,常与the, this或my, your等连用,以加强语气,表“正是那个”“恰好的”等。如:

① You are the very person I’m looking for. (= You are the right person …) 你正是我要找的人。

② The two men fought on this very spot. (= right in this place) 那两个男子就是在这个地方打起来的。

16. why not/ why don’t

此两者都是表建议的句型,一般可以代换。类似的还有:

▲ Let’s…

▲ Shall I / we … ?

▲ How / What about … ?

Ⅰ. why not “好的、可以呀、为什么不可以呢?”如:

①--Mum, may I go out to play basketball now? –Why not?

③ Why not ask your teacher? 怎么不去问一问你的老师呢?

此外还可表一种不可理解的心情:

① --I won’t see the film again. – Why not?

Ⅱ. why don’t 是一种友好的建议(a friendly suggestion).无论在什么场合,使用起来十分亲切。后面接主语。如:

① Why don’t you go swimming? 为什么不去游泳呢?

② Why don’t I give Lily some colourful pencils? 我给莉莉一些彩笔,好吗?

17. work / job

Ⅰ.job “工作”,既可指固定的工作,也可指临时的或某项具体的工作,是可数名词,前面可用不定冠词a, 也可以有复数形式。如:

① John lost his job. John失业了。

② There were just not enough jobs.没有 那么多的工作(可干)。

③ Tom’s father is looking for a job.

Ⅱ.work 是个普通用词,泛指一切工作,是不可数名词。如:

① I have a lot of work to this evening. 教师的工作就是教学。

② A teacher’s work is teaching.老师的工作就是教学。

[联想]:搭配

apply/hung for a job.求职get/ find a job.找到一份工作

lose one’s job。失业perform odd job.打零工

quit a job. 辞职have/work a side job 兼职

take a part-time/full-time job in a department store.

在百货公司担任兼职或专职工作。

18. work at/ work on/ work out

Ⅰ. work at 与work on 都可以作“从事于”,后接名词、代词、或动词-ing 形式作宾语。Work at 侧重于表示所从事的工作和性质,而不在于说明正在做什么。此时可将work at 译为“学习,研究,写作,致力于”等。如:

① They have worked at this subject for many years. 他们研究这个课题已经有好多年了。

② He is working at a new invention. 他正致力于一项新的发明。

Ⅱ. work on 侧重于表示“从事某项工作”。可将它译为“造;创作;画;做……”。宾语为其具体的对象。常用于进行时态和完成时态。还可表示:“继续工作;对……起作用”如:

① We’re workin on some wood-cuts. 他们正在创作一些木刻作品。

② He has been working on this painting for days. 这张画他已画了好些天了。

③ They will work on till sunset. 他们将继续工作,直到日落。

④ This medicine will work on the affected part. 这药能对患部起作用。

19. worth/ worthy

Ⅰ.worth可用作名词或形容词,作名词时,意为“价值”,无复数形式;也可解作“值一定金额的数量”如:

① Nobody knew the true worth of his work. 没有人知道他的工作的真实价值。

② Give me one yuan’s worth of apples. 给我一元钱的苹果。

▲ worth 作形容词时,只能用作表语,不能作定语,其后常跟钱数或相当于钱的词,表示:“值多少钱”;动词的-ing 形式,表示“值得(做)……”。如:

③ The dictionary is worth 5 yuan. 这本字典值5元钱。

④ The play is worth seeing. 这场戏值得一看。

Ⅱ.worthy 是形容词,意为“值得”,主要用作表语,后跟of , 再接名词或动词-ing 的被动形式。worthy 后也可跟不定式。如表被动意思须接不定式的被动语态。如:

① She is worthy of help. 她值得帮助。

② The watch is worthy of being bought. 这块表值得买

③ The question is worthy to be discussed. 这个问题值得讨论。

20. affair/matter/business

Ⅰ. affair “事、事情、事务”它的涵义最广,可指已经发生或必须做的任何事情, 也可泛指事务(通常用算数,指重大或头绪较多的事务)。如:

① The railway accident was a terrible affair.那次火车事故是件可怕的事。

② That’s my affair, not yours. 那是我的事, 不是你的。

③ We should concern ourselves with state affairs. 我们要关心国家大事。

Ⅱ. matter“事、事情” 是普通用语,常指我们所写到或谈到的事情,要考虑和处理的事情。如:

① This is a matter I know little about. 这件事我不大知道。

② I’ll ask some one about the matter.关于这件事我将去问问人。

③ There are several matters to be considered. 有几件事情要考虑。

[注]:在口语中,be the matter 相当于 be wrong, 表发生了失常的事或出了毛病等意思。如:

① What’s the matter? 怎么啦?

② What’s the matter with you? 你怎么啦?

Ⅲ. business“生意、商业”产普通用语。它表“事情、事务”时,往往指一种任务、责任或必须去做的事。此外, 它有时还含有轻蔑的意味。如:

① We don’t do much business with them.我们跟他们没有多少生意来往。

② It is a teacher’s business to help his pupils.帮助学生是教师的责任。

③ He made it his business to fetch water for a granny. 他把为一位老大娘挑水当作自己的事。

④ It’s not your business.这不是你的事。

[注]:这三个词有时可通用,但不能任意替换。如:

Mind your own business.少管闲事。这里的 business 可用affairs 替换,但不能用 matters.

21. afraid/ fear/ frightened

Ⅰ. afraid “害怕”是形容词,只能作表语,而不能作定语,后接of 短语或不定式,构成 be afraid of sb. 和 be afraid to do sth

① She is afraid of a snake. 她害怕蛇。

② The little girl is afraid to go out at night.

afraid that clause “恐怕”, 是婉转拒绝别人的一种表达方式。 如:

① I’m afraid (that) I can’t go to the party. My brother is sick. 恐怕我不能去参加聚会了。我弟弟病了。

Ⅱ. fear “害怕”是动词,与be afraid 往往通用,但不如它常用(特别是在口语中)。如:

① We fear no difficulty.我们不怕困难。

② He feared to speak his mind.他不敢说出自己的想法。

③ Fearing that he would catch cold, I went out to see him.因为怕他会受凉,我走去看他。

Ⅲ. frightened adj “受惊吓的、害怕的”可做表语,也可作定语。如:

① She is too frightened to move.她太害怕了不能动弹。

② A frightened girl is crying. 一个受惊的女孩正在哭。

22. feel like / would like

Ⅰ.feel like 与would like 意思很相近,但feel like 后面常跟名词;动名词。构成:feel like (doing) sth. would like 一般接名词;动词不定式。构成:would like (to do) sth.的句式。如:

① I feel like (having) a drink. = I would like (to have) a drink. 我想喝一杯。

② Do you feel like talking a walk. = Would you like to take a walk? 你要不要散步?

③ I don’t feel like eating. 我不想吃东西。

Ⅱ.feel like 还表示:“觉得好像,摸起来像”。如:

① It feels like silk. 它摸起来像绸缎。

23. after/behind “在……之后”

Ⅰ. after “在……(时间)之后”;

“在……(地点)之后”,指次序。如:

① He came after ten o’clock. 他十点以后来的。

② Two days after his arrival, I called on him. 在他到达两天以后,我拜访了他。

③ ‘Against’ comes after ‘again’ in this cictionary.在这本字典中 ‘against’ 排在 ‘again’ 之后。

Ⅱ. behind 表地点时意为:在……后面、着重指位置的前后。偶尔也指时间,表按照一定的时刻而迟了的意思。

① The garden is behind the house.

② He stood behind me.

③ The train was behind time. 火车误点了。

④ You are two hours behind. 你迟了两个小时。

24. ago/before

Ⅰ. ago adv. “……以前”指从此刻起,若干时间以前,通常与过去连用。如:

① It happened two days ago.这件事发生在两天以前。

② I met him a few minutes ago.我在几分钟以前碰到他。

Ⅱ. before adv, prep & conj “……以前”指从那时起若干时间以前。通常与完成时、过去时等连用。还可用作前置词或连接词表时间,而ago 则不能这样用。

① He said that he had seen her two days before.他说他两天前见到过她。(表从她说话那时起两天前)

② I had been fine the day before.(那天)前一天的天气很好。

③ I’ve seen that film before.

④ I never met him before.

25. agree to/ agree with/ agree on(up on)

Ⅰ. agree to “同意、应允”通常用于同意某件事情(我们可以同意我们自己有不同看法而并不赞同的事情)。如:

① Do you agree to this plan?

② He agreed to my proposal.他同意了我的提议。

③ I agreed to his terms. 我同意了他的条件。

Ⅱ. agree with “同意、赞同”常常表示同某人意见一致,也可表赞同某件事情。还有“(气候、食物等)适合”之意。如:

① I quite agree with you.我很同意你。

② Do you agree with me ?

③ I agree with all you say.我同意你所说的。

④ His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。

⑤ Too much meat doesn’t agree with her.吃太多肉对她身体不合适。

[注]:agree with 不能用于被动语态。

Ⅲ. agree on /upon “对……取得一致意见”指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或达成了某种协议。如:

① After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire. 经过讨论,双方就停火问题达成了协议。

② They all agree on the plan.他们对这个计划意见一致。

[注]:此句型可转换成agree in doing sth.如:

① All of them agreed on / upon it. = All of them agreed in doing it. 他们对做这个问题达成了共识。

26. at times / at all times / all the time

Ⅰ. at times “不时;偶尔”如:

① The tide is , at times, very high. 潮水有时涨得高。

② I make mistakes at times when I speak English. 我说英语偶尔会出错。

Ⅱ. at all times.“随时;任何时候;总是” 如:

He has a cool head at all times. 他随时都有清醒的头脑。

Ⅲ. all the time “一直;始终” 其中time用单数形式。如:

The baby cries all the time. 那婴儿一直哭。

27. aim/ purpose/ object

Ⅰ. aim “目的”指抱有一种明确的目的,并意味着为之实现而竭尽全力。如:

① What’s your aim in life?你的人生目的是什么?

② The ultimate aim of the Party is the realization of communism.党的最终目的是实现共产主义。

Ⅱ. purpose “目的”指心中有打算,并意味着对所作的打算有较大的决心。如:

① It was done with a definite purpose. 做这件事具有一个明确的目的。

② For what purpose (purposes) do you want to go to Canada? 你要去加拿大的目的何在?

Ⅲ. object “目的” 含有比较具体的意味。往往指在我们的行为中,需要或希望直接达到的目的。如:

① The object of my visit is to consult you. 我访问的目的是来和你商量。

② What is your object in studying English? 你学英文的目的何在?

[注]:以上这几个词的涵义虽有差别,但在语言实践中,常被毫无区别地使用着。

28. alive/ living/ the living/ live/ dead

Ⅰ. alive adj“活着的”“在世的”,它既可修饰人也可修饰物。可作表语,定语。作定语时,应放在被修饰的名词之后。如:

① They were alive and as happy as ever. 他们都还活着,并跟以前一样快活。

② All the other comrades were killed in the battle. He was the only man alive. 所有的同志都还活着亡了,他是唯一的幸存者。

Ⅱving adj,“活着的”主要用着定语,常置于名词前,有时也可置于名词后。也可作表语。如:

① Every living person has a name. 每个活着的人都有一个名字。

② No man living could do better. 当代人没有一个能做得比这更好。

Ⅲ. the living “活着的人”如:

The living are more important to us than the dead.对我们来说活着的人比死了的人更重要。

Ⅳ. live adj. “活着的”读着[laiv],反义词为 dead, 可作定语,放在所修饰的名词之前,一般不用来修饰人。 还可以作动词,读着[liv], 意为“生活”、“生存”如:

① The cat was playing with a live mouse.这只猫在玩弄一只活老鼠。

② Pandas usually live in the south and the southeast of China.熊猫通常生活在中国的南部和东南部。

Ⅴ. lively adj. [‘laivli](livelier, liveliest) “生动的”;“活泼的”;“充满生气的”用作表语或定语,可用来修饰人或物。如:

The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games. 运动场上进行着各种球类比赛,呈现出一派生气勃勃的景象。

29. all/ every

Ⅰ. all 和 every 意思十分相近,二者都可用来泛指人或物。但all可与算数的名词连用,而every 只能与单数的名词连用。如:

① All Mondays are horrible. 星期一总是可怕的。

② Every Monday is horrible. 每个星期一都是可怕的。

Ⅱ. all every 也可用来指某一类东西中的个体。但all 后跟the 或其它“限定词”,而every后却不能。它往往强调无一例外的意思。

--She is eaten all the biscuits[‘biskit]. –What, every one? –Every single one! 她把饼干都吃光了。怎么,把每一块都吃光了吗?每一块全都吃了!

Ⅲ. all 还可和单数名词连用,表示every past of 而every却不能有此义。如:

She was here all day. 她在这呆了一整天。

30. all/ whole

Ⅰ. 二者意义(“全部、都、整个”)相同,然而词序不同。

Ⅱ. all用于冠词,所有格或其它“限定词”之前。

whole 则用于冠词之后。如:

① all the time. ────→the whole time.全部时间

② all my life ────→the whole life.我的一生

③ all this confusion ─→ this whole confusion.整个混乱状况。

Ⅲ. 如果没有冠词,或其它限定词,whole不能与单数名词连用。可以说:

① The whole city was burning.但不能说:

② Whole London was burning.

Ⅳ.whole 和 all 与复数名词连用时意思不同。Whole 的意思为“全部”,而all的意思则近乎“每一个”如:

① All Indian tribes([traib]部首 ) suffered from white settlement in America.

所有印第安人部首都因白人移民美洲而遭殃。

② Whole Indian tribes were killed off.有些印第安人部落整个被杀光了。

Ⅴ. whole 一般不用来修饰不可数名词(包括物质名词)

① 可以说:all the money 或all the wine

② 不可以说:the whole money 或the whole wine.

③ The whole of = whole 与单数名词连用。它用于冠词、所有格之前。

the whole of the time.

the whole of my life

the whole of this confusion

31. allow/ permit/ let/ promise

Ⅰ. allow“允许、许可”,一般指听任,或默许某人去做什么,含有消极地不反对的意味。如:

① We allowed him to depart.

我们允许他离去。

② Who allowed you to leave the camp?

谁允许你离开营地的?

③ I can’t allow you to do that.

我不能允许你做那件事。

allow 也可表客气的请求。如

① Will you allow me to use your pen?

我可以用你的钢笔吗?

Ⅱ. permit “允许、许可”但是正式地许可,含有比较积极地同意某人去做什么的意味。如:

① I will permit him to do so.

我准备同意他这样做。

② The sentinel permitted the strangers to pass when they had given the countersign.

当这群陌生人说出口令后,哨兵就允许他们通过了。

[注]:allow permit 的涵义虽有差别,但在语言实践中,它们常常被通用着。如:

① Smoking is not allowed here.此处禁止吸烟。

② Smoking is not permitted in this theatre.

本戏院里禁止吸烟

Ⅲ. let.允许、让”它可以指积极地允许,但更多的是着重指不予反对和阻止其后所跟的宾语要接不带to的不定式用以表示客气的请求时,可与allow通用。且更具有口语色彩。如:

① Her father will not let her go.她父亲不会让她去。

② Don’t let this happen again. 不要让这种事发生了。

③ Please let me know what happens.请告诉我发生些什么事。

Ⅳ. promise “答应” “允诺”。与以上三个词的意义不同,用于主体答应自己要作什么的场合。如:

① He promised to begin at once.

他答应立刻开始。

② I promised (him) to attend to the matter promptly.

我答应(他)立即处理这件事。

③ They promised an immediate reply.

他们答应立即答复。

32. almost/ nearly

Ⅰ. almost“差不多、几乎”有very, nearly 的意思。如:

① He has almost finished his work.

他差不多完成了他的工作。

② Almost no one took any rest.

几乎没有一个人休息一下。

Ⅱ. nearly “差不多、几乎、将近”指一差距一般比almost 大。如:

① It’s nearly five o’clock.

差不多五点钟了。

② Nearly everyone knows it.

几乎每个人都知道这个。

③ He’s nearly ready.

他快准备好了。

[注]:almost有时可与nearly通用,但当其与no, none, nothing, never连用时,不用nearly。如以上almost的例①可以互换,但例②则不能。

33. alone/ lonely

Ⅰ. alone adj. “单独的”只能作表语。如:

① I’m alone but I don’t fell lonely.我单身一人但我从不觉得孤独。

② 此外alone 还可作副词。相当于by oneself,“单独地”“独自”

③ I’ll go there alone.我将独自去那儿。

Ⅱ. lonely adj. “孤独的”“寂寞的”有时还可表示“荒凉的”“无人烟的”意思,与deserted意思相同。含有较浓的情感色彩。既可作定语也可作表语。如:

① We’re together most of the time, so we never feel lonely.

a lonely / deserted island

34. aloud/ loud/ loudly

Ⅰ. aloud adv. “出声地”有使能听得到的意味。如:

① Please read the story aloud. 请朗读这个故事。

② They were shouting aloud.他们在高声地呼喊。

Ⅱ. loud. adv “高声地、大声地、响亮地”常指在说笑等方面。如:

① Don’t talk so loud. 不要如此高声地谈话。

② Speak louder. 说得大声点。

Ⅲ. loudly adv. “高声地”有时与loud 通用,但含有喧闹的意味。如:

① Someone knocked loudly at the door.

有人大声敲门。

② Don’t talk so loudly(loud).

不要如此高声地谈话。

35. already/ yet /still

Ⅰ. already. adv. “已经”多用于肯定句中,通常与动词的完成时或进行时连用。也可用于疑问句,但不表真心的疑问,而表“惊奇”。它多置于句中。有时为了强调而置于句末。如:

① I’ve seen the film already.

② The train has already left.

火车已经开走了。

③ Have you already had breakfast?

难道你已经吃过早餐了?

Ⅱ. yet adv “已经、仍然、还”一般只用于否定句或疑问句,且常常置于句末。如:

① He hasn’t found his bike yet

他还没有找到他的自行车。

Ⅲ. still adv “仍然、还”可用于各种句中,且一般只用于句中。如:

① Do you still teach in that school?

你还在那所学校教书?

[注]:still在句中的位置不同,其意义也不同。如:

① He is still(还)standing there.

② He is standing there still(adj.不动的、静止的)

他站在那儿一动也不动。

36. also/ as well/ too/ either “也”

Ⅰ. also较正式,位置通常靠近动词,用于句中;且用于肯定句中。如:

① He also plays football. 他也踢足球。

② I was also there.我也在那儿。

Ⅱ. too 多用于口语,通常置于句末,前边须用逗号隔开,也可用于句中,且前后均须用逗号隔开,;用于肯定句中。如:

① He is a worker, too.

② The two cows, too, are white.

那两头奶牛也全都是白的。

Ⅲ. as well 是副词短语,多用于口语,只用于句末。如:

① She not only taught us English but taught us maths as well.

她不但教过我们英语,还教过我们数学。

② He is a teacher and a writer as well.他是位教师,也是一位作家。

Ⅳ. either 用于否定句中,常置于句末。在肯定句变否定句时,其中的also, too, as well都要改为either.

① Yesterday I didn’t watch TV and I didn’t see the film, either.

昨天我没有看电视,也没有看电影。

37. for / from / since

Ⅰ. 三者都能用来表示时间,但用法不同。

since “自从”,所表示的是一个时间点。可用作介词,也可用作连词,后接时间名词或短语,或引导时间状语从句;要求前面的谓语动词或主句的谓语动词必须用完成时态,要用延续性动词。而since引导的从句中的谓语动词通常应是短暂性的动词。若接时间,则应为点时间。如:

① He has worked there since1989.

② She has lived here since she moved here.

Ⅱ. from “自从” 只用作介词,表一个事情的开始点,可用于过去、现在或将来的时态。如:

① They worked from 7:00 to 12:00 this morning.

② We have been good friends from childhood.

Ⅲ. for 作为介词,后面接段时间,用于完成时、现在时、过去时和将来时,句中要用延续性动词。如:

① We’ll stay here for ten minutes.

我们将在这儿呆10分钟。

② They have studied English for three yeas.

38. although/ though

Ⅰ. although conj. “尽管、虽然”引导让步状语从句,相当于 though. 只是比though稍微正式些。多用于句首。though 用于非正式文体中,较普遍,但以下几种用法,不能用although. 如:

表强调时,要用even though,如:

Even though I didn’t understand a word, I kept smiling.

尽管我一字不识,我还是一直微笑着。

②. Though可用在倒装句中,如:

Young though he is, he is quite experienced.

他虽然年轻,但很有经验。

though 可作副词,表示“然而”放在句末或其它位置。如:He said he would come, he didn’t though.他说他要来,结果他却没来。

[此外],although不用着副词。在英语中如果用了although 或 though, 就不能再有but,但可以用yet或still; 反之,如果用了but , 就不能用although 和 though. 如:① Although he is in poor health, (yet) he works hard. = He is in poor health, but he works hard.虽然他身体不好,但他工作仍努力。

②Although it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat.虽然天气很冷,他未穿外衣就出去了。

③ He is quite strong, although very old. 他虽然很老了,但还是十分健壮。

Ⅱ. though 常用作连词,“虽然”。在口语中还用着副词,一般放在句末,意为“可是、然而”等。如:

① He didn’t light the fire, though it was cold.

天气虽很冷,他却还没生火。

② Though it was very late, he went on working.

虽然很晚了,他还是继续工作。

③ He said he would come, he didn’t, though.

他说他来,可是结果他没有来。

39 . always / yet

Ⅰ. always “总是;一直”常与一般现在时连用。有时也与进行时连用, 但并不强调动作正在进行,而是表示“赞叹、厌烦、不满”等情绪。常用于肯定句中,放在“三类词”(情态动词、助动词、系动词本书称为“三类词”)之后,行为动词之前。如:

① We always get up before six o’clock. 我们总是六点前起床。

② He is always thinking of others.

他总是想着别人。

Ⅱ. yet. “仍然;还”常与not连用。用于否定结构中。如:

①He hasn’t finished the work yet.

他还没完成这项工作。