英语句子按照使用目的和交际功能分为陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句，下面我们就来聊聊关于英语句子语法基础知识大全?接下来我们就一起去了解一下吧!
英语句子语法基础知识大全
英语句子按照使用目的和交际功能分为陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句。
一、陈述句
用来表述一件事或表达一种看法，有肯定式和否定式，常用降调。
1.陈述句的肯定式主要由主语和动词或动词短语两部分构成，如：He finished his homework.
2.陈述句的否定式的构成是在肯定式的基础上在其系动词be(am, is, are, was, were)或情态动词（can, must, may, should…），助动词（do, does, did, have, has, will, would）的后面直接加not构成。如：He didn't finish his homework./She isn't a teacher.
二、疑问句
用来提问的句子，句末用问号。疑问句考查内容有一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句。
1.一般疑问句的基本结构为：Be动词/助动词/情态动词 主语 动词 其他？句子要用声调。如：Is your father a teacher? Do you enjoy listening to music? Can you speak English?
2.特殊疑问句多数以who, when, where, what, why, which, whose, how这类特殊疑问词开头。其基本结构为：特殊疑问词 一般疑问句，即特殊疑问词 be动词/助动词/情态动词 主语 动词 其他？如：What is your father? When will the meeting start?
3.选择疑问句是用来提出两种或者两种以上的选择（用or连接），要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句。语调一般是前面的选择用升调，最后一种选择用降调。选择疑问句分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句两种。
（1）一般选择疑问句的构成：一般疑问句 or 选择部分？如：Do you like red or yellow?
（2）特殊选择疑问句的构成：特殊疑问句，A or B ? 如：Which colour do you like, red or yellow?
4.反意疑问句是一种常用于口语的疑问句，这种问句由两部分组成，前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是附加的简短问句，中间用逗号隔开，因此反意疑问句又称附加疑问句。
反意疑问句的特点：如果陈述句是肯定句式，附加句式用否定句式；如果陈述句是否定形式，附加问句用肯定句式。如：They didn't clean the classroom yesterday, did they? 如果陈述句中有no, never, nothing, seldom, hardly, few, little等否定意义的词时，陈述句就可以看成是否定句，附加句式就用肯定形式。如：He has few friends, does he?
几种特殊形式的反意疑问句：（1）Let's go to school, shall we? （2）Let us go to school, will you? （3）祈使句（肯定形式和否定形式），will you? 如：Open the door, will you?/Don't open the door, will you?
三、祈使句
表示命令，请求，建议或劝告等。祈使句的主语是第二人称you,常常省略，谓语动词用原形。没有时态变化，不能与情态动词连用。有肯定式和否定式两种形式。如：Be quiet. Stand up, please. Don't shout.
四、感叹句
用来表达说话人强烈的喜怒哀乐等情绪，用how或what引导。how和what所修饰的词放在其后，其他部分用陈述语序。在口语中主语和谓语常省略，句末使用感叹号。
1.What引导的感叹句，句式基本结构：
What a/an 形容词 可数名词单数 （主语 谓语）！如：What a nice watch (it is)!
What 形容词 可数名词复数/不可数名词 （主语 谓语）！如:What beautiful flowers(they are)! /What important news (it is)!
2.How引导的感叹句，句式基本结构：
How 形容词/副词 主语 谓语！如：How tall the girl is!/ How hard he works!
五、练习
（一）根据句意和要求，变换句式。
1.She has finished her homework. (否定句)
2.Did they have a good time in Beijing last week?（陈述句）
3.He gets up at six o'clock every morning. （划线提问）
4.Let's have a break, _______?（反意疑问句）
5.What beautiful flowers they are!（同义句）
6.Close your books, please.（否定句）
7.There is little water in the cup, _______? （反意疑问句）
8.She moved to Shanghai two years ago.（划线提问）
9.How tall the building is!（同义句）
10. Don't talk in class, _______?（反意疑问句）
（二）句子翻译。
1.我喜欢看小说。
2.大年初一你们不准大清扫。
3.昨天早上你为什么上学迟到？
4.你每天走路还是骑自行车上学？
5.多么好的天气啊！
6.图书馆内禁止喧哗。
7.你喜欢哪一种水果，香蕉还是葡萄？
8.他们每天都踢足球，对吗？
9.将来书会被因特网取代吗？
10.我买这块手表已经三个月了。
*练习参考答案
（一）1.She hasn't finished her homework.
2.They had a good time in Beijing last week.
3.When does he get up every morning?
4. shall we
5.How beautiful the flowers are!
6. Don't close your books, please.
7.is there
8.When did she move to Shanghai?
9.What a tall building it is!
10. will you
（二）1.I like reading novels.
2.You mustn't do any cleaning on the first day of the Spring Festival.
3.Why were you late for school yesterday morning?
4.Do you walk or ride a bike to school?
5.What fine weather it is!/ How fine the weather is!
6.Don't shout in the library!
7.Which fruit do you like, bananas or grapes?
8.They play football every day, don't they?
9.Will books be replaced by the Internet in the future?
10. I have had the watch for three months.
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