英语中的构词法主要有三种,即转化法、合成法和派生法,下面我们就来聊聊关于高中构词法英语练习题及答案?接下来我们就一起去了解一下吧!

高中构词法英语练习题及答案(高中英语构词法必考点合集)

高中构词法英语练习题及答案

英语中的构词法主要有三种,即转化法、合成法和派生法。

一. 转化法

在英语中,一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。

1. 动词转化为名词

Let me have a try.

让我试试。

They are only allowed to sell soft drinksat school.

在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。

2. 名词转化为动词

He shoulderedhis way through the crowd.

他用肩膀推开人群前进。

The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.

从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。

3. 形容词转化为动词

We will try our best to betterour living conditions.

我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

They tried to perfectthe working conditions.

他们努力改善工作条件。

4. 形容词转化为名词

He didn’t know the difference between rightand wrong.

他不辨是非。

The oldin our village are living a happy life.

我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。

5. 形容词转化为副词

How longhave you lived there?

你在那儿住多久了?

6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词

Warm clothes are a mustin the mountains.

穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。

Life is full of upsand downs.

人生有得意时也有失意时。

His argument contains too many ifsand buts.

他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。

二. 合成法

由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词,这种构词法叫做合成法,合成的词叫做合成词。合成词一般看其词,知其意。

1. 合成名词

名词/代词 名词 newspaper blood-test she-wolf

动词 名词 typewriter pickpocket daybreak

形容词 名词 greenhouse highway

副词 名词 overcoat outside

名词 v.-ing/v.-ing 名词 handwriting reading-room freezing-point

动词 副词/ 副词 动词 breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome

名词 介词 名词 sister-in-law editor-in-chief

2. 合成形容词

名词 形容词/形容词 名词 world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term

副词 形容词 over-anxious evergreen

名词 过去分词 man-made sun-burnt

名词 现在分词 peace-loving English-speaking

形容词 现在分词 good-looking easy-going

副词 过去分词 well-informed widespread

副词 现在分词 hardworking far-reaching

形容词 名词 ed warm-hearted absent-minded

数词 名词 ed three-legged ten-storied

数词 名词 one-way five–star

数词 名词 形容词 ten-year-old 800-meter-long

名词 to 名词 face –to-face door - to -door

3. 合成动词

名词 动词 baby-sit sleepwalk

副词 动词 outnumber underestimate overwork

形容词 动词 whitewash

4. 合成副词

形容词 名词 meanwhile anyway

形容词 副词 everywhere anyhow

副词 副词 however

介词 名词 beforehand overhead

介词 副词 forever

5. 合成代词

代词宾格 self/selves herself themselves

物主代词 self/selves myself yourselves

形容词 名词 anything nothing

6. 合成介词

副词 名词 inside outside

介词 副词 without within

副词 介词 into

三. 派生法

由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。

1. 前缀

除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,但不改变单词的词性。

(1)表示否定意义的前缀

un- unhappy unfinished undress

dis- disagree disbelieve

in- [il-(在字母l前),im- (在字母m,b,p前),ir- (在字母r前)] inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular

mis- misbehave mislead mistake

non- nonstop nonsmoker

(2)表示其他意义的前缀

en- “使……”enrich enlarge encourage

inter- “相互”international intercontinental

re- “再,又,重”rethink retell recycle

tele- “远程的”telescope telephone telegraph

auto- “自动的”automatic automobile

co- “共同”coworker cooperate coexist

anti- “反对,抵抗”antiwar antifreeze antinuclear

multi- “多”multistory multicultural multicolor

bi- “双,二”bicycle bilingual bilateral

micro- “极小的,微小的”microwave microcomputer

over- “太多,过分”overwork overdo overestimate

self- “自己,本身”self-centered self-confident self-control

under- “在……下面,……下的,不足的”underline, underground, underestimate, underrate

2. 后缀

(1)形容词后缀

-able “可……的,具有……的”acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable

-al “与……有关的”physical, magical, political

-an “属于某地方的人”American African

-ern “方向”southern, northern, eastern

-ful/ less “(没)有……的”helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless

-ish “如……的;有……特征的”foolish childish selfish

-ive “有……倾向的”active attractive expensive

-en “由……制成的”golden wooden woolen

-ous “有(性质)的”famous, dangerous, poisonous

-ly “有……性质的”friendly yearly daily

-y “构成形容词”noisy dusty cloudy

(2)名词后缀

-er / or “表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container

-ese “某国(人)的”Chinese, Japanese

-ian “某国、某地人;精通……的人”musician, Asian, Russian, technician

-ist “某种主义或职业者”physicist, scientist, communist,socialist

-ess “表女性,雌性”hostess, actress, princess

-ment “行为或其状态”government, movement, achievement

-ness “性质,状态”illness, sadness, carelessness

-tion “动作,过程,结果”invention, organization, translation

-ance/ ence “抽象;行为、性质、状态”importance, appearance, absence, existence

-th “性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth

-ful “(满的)量”handful, spoonful, mouthful

-(a)bility “抽象、性质、状态”possibility, disability, reliability

-al “过程、状态”survival, arrival, approval

-y “性质、情况”modesty, delivery, honesty

-dom “处于……状态;性质”freedom, boredom

-age “状态,行为,身份及其结果”courage, storage, marriage

(3)动词后缀

-fy / ify “使得;变得” simplify, beautify, purify

-en “使成为;变得” shorten, deepen, sadden

-ize “使成为” apologize, realize, specialize

(4)副词后缀

-ly “方式,程度” freely, truly, angrily

-ward(s) “向……” towards, forward, upwards

(5)数词后缀

-teen “十几” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen

-ty “整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty

-th “序数词” twelfth, twentieth

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