怎样背诵才最科学、最有效?今天就和大家聊一聊英语课文背诵的方法——思维导图。
很多同学觉得画思维导图很麻烦，其实用思维导图背课文有很多优势：
- ①文章结构一目了然：思维导图能够让大家从总体上把握文章结构。
- ②关键词形象化：思维导图背课文通过提取关键词使之形象化，是思考的记忆过程，而非死记硬背。
- ③最高效的记忆方法：用思维导图背课文时全面启用了左右脑的功能，是全脑背诵。
如何利用思维导图背诵英语课文？
实例：
今天以一下文章为例进行讲解：
An exciting trip 激动人心的旅行
I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.
参考译文：
我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信，他正在澳大利亚。他在那儿已经住了6个月了。蒂姆是个工程师，正在一家大公司工作，并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了。他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车，现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯。他不久还将到达达尔文去，从那里，他再飞往珀斯。我弟弟以前从未出过国，因此，他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。
准备材料
积极主动思考的大脑，铅笔、橡皮、马克笔或彩铅笔、A4纸一张
❶ 通读文章，理解意思，即翻译完成。
英语基础弱的同学可以通读三遍，了解句型结构
❷ underline key words划取关键词
说明：提取关键信息即可，不要太贪心。根据自己的英语基础来寻找合适的关键词。
I have just received aletter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.
温馨提示：这里把关键词用红色的标示出来。
一篇文章关键词提取出后，就很简单了，剩下了这些
brother?
Australia, six months?
engineer, a big firm?
different places, Australia?
buy an Australian car, go to Alice springs, a small town ?
fly to Perth?
never be abroad before?
exciting
❸ 按照顺序确定归类，大概几个分支处理
这一步是最难的，以前我们会阅读完课文就归类，但是难度好大，现在14个词语归类就简单多了?
中心主题：brother Jim
归类：
1. country
2. job
3. place
4. feeling
以上四个类别
说明：每个人的思维方式都不一样，适合自己就是最好的。
❹ 绘制，留下记忆的线索，真正理解型记忆
从右上角先画第一个分支country, 然后按顺时针顺序画第二个分支job, 第三个分支place, 第四个分支feeling。
❺ 按照mind map 逐支回忆、复述或回查对照课文内容
总体来说牢记这五个步骤：
1、确定中心形象
通读课文，正确理解每一个单词、每个词组和每个句子，理清楚这些词、句的内在联系以及它们和上下文的关系，然后确立文章的中心形象。
在画思维导图时，中心形象是要画在纸的最中央的，而且要与文章中心思想相关连。
2、划分层次
根据文章大意分层。一般来说，有几个分层，在中心形像周围就画几个大的分支。
思维导图体现的层次感很分明，最靠近中间的线最粗，越往外延伸的线会越细，字体也是靠近中心的最大，越往后面越小。必要的时候，可以用数字序号来表明层次关系的先后顺序。
3、确定关键词和符号
找出关键词并尽量用图像或符号代替文字。关键词可以选单个单词或者词组，并且尽量转化成符号、小图标等。比如B代表男孩，G代表女孩。关键词写在线条的上方，线条的长度等于词语的长度。
4、画出思维导图
画出思维导图并涂色。不同的分支可以用不同的颜色。每条分支用不同颜色可以让你对不同主题的相关信息一目了然。
5、背诵
看着思维导图复述课文，然后背诵整篇课文。背诵过程中，要通过联想在脑海里成像，就是把思维导图像拍照片一样拍到脑子里，把思维导图当做回忆的线索。背诵时尽量一字不错一字不落，忠于原文。
总结
平时大家要大胆地画思维导图，思维导图不在于画得好不好，关键在于有没有画。学会思维导图之后，可以形成自己的风格。
思维导图会让看似枯燥的课文背诵变有趣而高效。坚持不懈地背下去，会发现思维导图画得越来越好，背诵英语课文也越来越轻松。
如果你还没有用过思维导图背课文，赶紧尝试一下吧！会有意想不到的收获！
附件10篇必背英语经典范文
一.参与报社等讨论稿（带手机利弊）
Dear Editor:
[引出话题] I’m a senior three student. I’m writing to tell you my opinion onwhether middle school students can go to school with mobile phones. [赞成]I think they can do that. Because students can keep in touch with their friends and family wherever they are. Besides, the mobile phone is a way to have fun.
[反对] However, every coin has 2 sides. There are some problems with using mobile phones. The ring of phones can disturb teachers and students in the classroom. What's more, some students can spend too much time and money on phone calls and sending messages.
[个人观点] In conclusion, I suggest students not use phones in the classroom. Also, as it is expensive, the owner should take good care of it.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
二.看对照表格写调查报告（孩子出国利弊）
[调查内容] A survey is taken on public opinions of the fact that many parents spend a large amount of money sending their children to study abroad, some of whom are middle school students.
[调查结果]From it we can see that 38 percent of those surveyed think it is worth the money letting children study abroad to get a better education so that they can get pay in return in the future. However, not all are for it / some are against it. 62% of them hold the view that it is difficult for young people to live and study in a foreign country. It’s easy for them to fall / get into some bad habits and the cost of education in another country is ten times as much as that at home.
[解决措施]The survey shows that the government should set up different kinds of schools to meet the demands of different children. （句型do something /take measures / steps about sth.to do sth）
三.读柱状图表写调查报告 [注意句式变换]
Middle school students have some ideas about their future jobs.
The most striking contrast is in teaching: 30percent of the girls would like tobecome teachers while only 5percent of the boys want to do the job. 20 percent of the boys want to do business and another 20 percent want to become lawyers, while girlsmake up 15percent in these two fields. What boys like to do most is to become managers and the second largest group would like to be scientists. Besides teaching, the second choice for girls is to be scientists and managers. The number is not small. Girls also expect to show their abilities in these two fields.
四.写信（过去/现在对比）
Dear editor,
I’m a middle school student. I once had a very happy family, but everything has changed because of my father.
He used to be a very good doctor and was often praised by his patients. He took good care of the family and shared the housework with my mother everyday.
However, he is now quite a different person. He plays mahjong all night and often quarrels with my mother. I just can’t concentrate on my studies and my grades are coming down. I’m very much worried and I’m afraid it will destroy my family as well as my father.
Could you tell me what to do? I’m looking forward to your reply. Thank you very much.
Yours
Li Hua
五.图画 个人想法
One day during the summer holidays, I met my classmate Li Ming, whose nickname is Tao taopi. We chatted for a while as we walked. I asked him where he would go during the holidays. He replied that he had to stay at home studying. Then I’d like to know why he didn’t go out for a tour. Much to my surprise, he told me that it was just because he failed to be accepted by key universities.
In my opinion/Personally/ I think, traveling during the holidays not only increase a student’s knowledge of his or her motherland but also makes life meaningful. What’s more, at the present time, we students are suffering a lot both at home and school. Why not go out to get relaxed.
六.幽默画
We want our schoolbags lighter
[图画内容]The picture shows us a schoolboy and a big woman. The boy is wearing a pair of glasses and carrying a big heavy bag. The woman is taking some exercise. The boy is saying to the woman jokingly: “Mum, if you carry the schoolbag for me, I’m sure you will easily lose weight….”
[社会实际]It’s quite common that Chinese students are overburdened with the lessons and homework. What we do every day is to listen to the teachers’ lectures, take notes and do our homework which seems endless.
[个人想法]We do hope our teachers will help us get more knowledge with fewer lectures, exercises and less homework. Only in this way can we have time to do sports every day. Then we will be mentally and physically healthy.
七.补全图画
Yesterday afternoon I went to the park. It so happened that I saw a touching event.
At that time there were some people boating on the lake. A girl and her parents were taking photos. All of a sudden, the little girl fell into the lake as a result of carelessness. Obviously she couldn’t swim and was struggling in the water. Her parents cried for help. Hearing the cry, a young man immediately rushed to the bank and jumped into the water without taking off his clothes. He swam to the drowning girl and managed to push her to the bank. At last the girl was saved. The girl’s parents were very grateful to the young man. Many people were greatly moved by the young man’s deeds.
What a kind and brave young man!
八.广播稿（看图 海啸 ）
Boys and girls,
May I have your attention, please? At the end of 2004, a strong earthquake hit the west part of Indonesia, which brought on a terrible tsunami to some areas of western Asia. This disaster has caused millions of deaths and destroyed many beautiful cities. How terrible things are! Besides, millions more who have become homeless are in great need of help now.
At present many countries all over the world including China have sent rescue teams there and thousands of people in every corner of the world are donating money to show their concern for them.
It is true that many natural disasters can’t be avoided sometimes. But at least we can do something to help the people in the tsunami-hit areas. So let’s offer our pocket money to them! Thank you.
九.通知
NOTICE
To help students learn more about computers, we have invited Professor Wang from the Computer Department of Qinghua University to give us a lecture on Saturday, December 22nd. Professor will talk about the use of computer and how to learn through the Internet.
The lecture begins at 2;00pm in Room 204 of the Library Building. Any computer-lover is welcome to attend the lecture. Please bring your questions in computer learning. Professor Wang will leave you time for questions.
Don’t forget to be on time.
the Students’ Union
Dec. 19th, 2004
十.欢迎词
Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to our school! Now let me introduce something about the changes that have taken place in our class.
We used to listen and take notes in class, but had no time to think for ourselves. Because we were not interested in the lessons, we often felt sleepy while listening. After school we had to finish much homework, unable to have some sports.
However, things are different now. With the help of computers, the lessons are so lively and interesting that the students are active to answer the questions instead of falling asleep. As a result, we have made greater progress than before, though we spend less time doing our homework. And we can enjoy ourselves after class.
The good teaching method is popular with all of us. We will try our best to study even harder.
That’s all. Thank you!
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