中考英语被动语态用法(中考英语语法主动语态和被动语态)(1)

动词的语态有两种:主动语态(the active voice)和被动语态(the passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态示主语是动作的承受者。

如:People speak English all over the world. (the active voice)

English is spoken all over the world. (the passive voice)

一、不同时态被动语态的用法〈一〉一般现在时的被动语态构成: is / am / are 及物动词的过去分词

Our classroom is cleaned every day. 我们教室每天都被打扫。

〈二〉一般过去时的被动语态构成: was / were 及物动词的过去分词

A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。

〈三〉一般将来时的被动语态构成: will be 及物动词的过去分词

A new hospital will be built in our city. 我们城市将要修建一家新医院。

〈四〉 现在进行时的被动语态构成: am / is / are being 及物动词的过去分词

Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→

My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自行车。

〈五>现在完成时的被动语态构成: has / have been 及物动词的过去分词

This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。

Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.

在许多国家有许多人造卫星被送上了太空。

〈六〉 过去进行时的被动语态构成:was/were being 及物动词的过去分词

The new road was being made.这条新路正在修筑。

〈七〉过去完成时的被动语态构成: had been 及物动词的过去分词

The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.

在老师来之前,教室尚未打扫。

〈八〉 将来完成时的被动语态构成:shall/will have been done

They will have been married for 20 years by then. 届时,他们结婚将满20周年。

〈九〉 含有情态动词的被动语态构成: 情态动词 be 及物动词的过去分词

Young trees must be watered often. 小树需要经常浇水。

二、 主动语态改成被动语态的方法

1. 先找出谓语动词;

2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语;

3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语;

4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。

例:①Bruce writes a letter every week.

→A letter is written by Bruce every week. 布鲁斯每星期写一封信。

②Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.

→The broken bike was mended by Li Leithis morning. 李雷今天上午在修理坏的自行车。

③ He has written two novels so far.

→Two novels have been written by him so far.至今他已写了两部小说。

④ They will plant ten trees tomorrow. →Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.他们明天将要种植十棵树。

⑤Lucy is writing a letter now.

→A letter is being written by Lucy now.露西正在写信。

⑥You must lock the door when you leave. →the door must be locked when you leave.当你离开的时候你必须把门锁上。

三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:

不及物动词无被动语态:

What will happen in 100 years?一百年里会发生什么事?

有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。

This pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好写。

感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to ,但变为被动语态时,须加上to。

(1)Make somebody do something →somebody be made to do something

(2)See somebody do something →somebody be seen to do something

例句:

(1) A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. →My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 当一个女孩经过的时候,看到我的钱夹掉了。

(2)The boss made the little boy do heavy work. →The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 这个老板让这小男孩干重活。

③如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)做主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。

He gave me a book. →A book was given to me by him. 他给了我一本书。

He showed me a ticket. →A ticket was shown to me by him. 他给我展示了一张票。

My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.我父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。

④一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us. 我们不能嘲笑他。

四、 特殊形式的被动语态

Get 过去分词也可以构成被动语态,用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。如:

The man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。

How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了?

五、被动语态和系表结构的区别

1.被动语态表示动作,而系表结构表状态;

The cup was broken by a boy. (被动语态)

The cup is broken. (系表结构)

2.前者可有多种时态,而后者只有一般现在时和过去时;

My bike is being/will be/was repaired.

He is/was interested in his work.

3.被动语态可跟by短语,表动作的执行者;

The dress was made by my mother.

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