拇指英语说,分享英语学习心得,技巧和方法。让英语学习变得更有趣更简单

在英语学习中,词汇量的大小是衡量英语水平的重要标志。通常词汇量越大,运用英语的能力就越强,反之亦然。许多英语偏弱的学生将词汇的学习与记忆比作“拦路虎”,以至谈虎色变,毫无信心。因此,有意识地学习词汇策略将可以帮助学生更科学,高效,简单地积累大量词汇,从而达到事半功倍的效果。本词汇积累策略系列,将会从近义词(synonyms),反义词(antonyms),前缀(prefixes),后缀(suffixes),同音异义词(homophones)等角度来探讨词汇的学习和积累。本系列,适合小学中高年级及初中学生学习。

The Suffixes -ible and -able: 后缀"-ible" 和"-able"

后缀-able 是从法语引进的拉丁语后缀,其意思相当于that can be -ed (能被......的)或able to be -ed (可被......的)。-able主要充当现代英语中的活性派生后缀,可以加在许多及物动词后。-able的异体 -ible是原生词缀,它只能加在拉丁词根或词干上。有时这些词根要经过适当的变形才能与-ible结合。

首先,我们来学习如何通过添加后缀-able和-ible来构成形容词的规则。

  1. If the root word is a complete word, add -able. 如果词根是一个完整的单词,那么直接加-able.

comfort able=comfortable laugh able = laughable

2. It the root word is a complete word ending in -e, drop the final -e and add -able. 如果词根是一个以字母-e结尾的完整单词,那么变成形容词时,需要该单词去掉最后的-e 然后加able.

value able=valuable desire able= desirable

3. If the root word is a complete word ending in -y, change -y to -i and add -able. 如果词根是以字母-y结尾的完整单词,那么变成形容词时需要将字母-y变成-i, 然后加上able.

rely able=reliable deny able=deniable

4. If the root word is not a complete word, add -ible. 如果词根不是一个完整的单词,那么变成形容词就加后缀-ible.

vis ible=visible terr ible=terrible

当然,以上规则也是有例外的。例外的单词有: flexible(灵活的,易弯曲的), responsible(负责任的), irritable(易怒的), digestible(易消化的), inevitable(必然的,不可避免的), negotiable(可协商的)。

接下来,请大家运用上面的规则,通过添加后缀-able 或者-ible来构成新的单词。

英语词汇类型分类(玩转英语词汇-词汇积累策略之后缀-able)(1)

Keys:

英语词汇类型分类(玩转英语词汇-词汇积累策略之后缀-able)(2)

Vocabulary Practice: (练一练)

请用我们刚才学到的单词(包括规则中的例词即)来完成下面的句子。有些空格可能不止一个答案。

  1. The furniture repair store told me that, because of long exposure to the sun, the color of this sofa isn't ___________.
  2. That actor's portrayal of Abraham Lincoln in that movie was truly __________.
  3. Beatrice's little brother is a brat, but her little sister is ______________.
  4. Ten-year-old Mark's juvenile attempts to act grown up were quite ___________.
  5. The family breadwinner, my father, has never missed a day of work in his life. He is a very ___________ person.
  6. A politician must be popular to be ___________.
  7. Deprived of his teddy bear, Joshua couldn't get _____________ in his bed.
  8. They were reluctant to close down a business that had been so ____________.

Keys:

  1. restorable;

2. incredible/ remarkable/terrible/laughable;

3. adorable

4. laughable/remarkable;

5. reliable/responsible;

6. electable

7. comfortable;

8. profitable/valuable

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