【重要短语】
一年到头；终年 all year round
游乐园 amusement park
一个讲英语的国家
an English-speaking country
好几次 a couple of times
离……远 be far from
在大山里露营camp in the mountains
在白天 during the daytime
鼓励某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth.
去过某地 have been to sp.
听说 hear of
在黑暗中 in the dark
在过去 in the past
以如此迅猛的方式in such a rapid way
了解有关…的情况 learn about sth.
遗留、留下leave behind
在某方面取得进步make progress in...
一方面on the one hand
另一方面on the other hand
搭帐篷 put up a tent
现在；目前 right now
社会团体 social groups
数以千计的 thousands of
四分之三 three quarters
兜风take a ride
在公园里到处走 walk around the park
【section A考点归纳】
I’ve finally realized why my grandpa loves drinking tea and collecting tea sets.
collect用作动词，表示“收集、采集”。
I like collecting stamps.我喜欢集邮
I’ve never been camping.
本句时态为现在完成进行时，结构为“have/has been doing”，表示某个动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。
We’ve been waiting for him for two hours.我们已经等他有2个小时了。
It also encourages governments and social groups to think about ways to improve toilets in the future.
encourage表示“鼓励”时，常用的结构为：encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”。
The family members encouraged her to fight against the disease bravely.
家庭成员鼓励她勇敢抵抗疾病。
Me neither
me neither意为“我也不……”，表示前者的否定情况也适用于我，反义词为me too。
---Susan can’t play the piano at all.---Me neither.
Me. too.
Me, too意为“我也是”，表示前面所描述的肯定情况也适用于后者“我”。
---I like spring best. ---Me, too.
Let’s go to one tomorrow.
one是不定代词，用来代替前面出现过的可数名词单数，如果指代名词复数，用ones。
Here are my books. Which one do you want to read?
这是我的书，你想读哪一本？
---I don’t like these dresses.---How about those ones over there？
我不喜欢这些裙子。那儿的哪些呢？
We put up a tent and cooked outside.
put up意为“搭建”，还可以表示“举起、张贴”。
They put up many buildings last year.
去年他们搭建了很多建筑物。
【拓展】动词put的相关短语
put on 穿上
put out 扑灭
put off 推迟
put down 放下
It’s unbelievable that technology has madegreat progress in such a rapid way.
progress用作名词，表示“进步、进展”，常见的搭配为“make progress in...”“在……方面取得进步”。
The student is showing rapid progress in his study.
这名学生在学习方面展现出了巨大进步。
I have made much progress in English.
我在英语方面取得了很大进步。
They are going to take the subway.
take the subway意为“乘地铁”，take用作动词，可以表示“乘、坐（车、船等）”。
We take the subway to work every day.
我们每天乘地铁去上班。
Let’s go somewhere different today.
somewhere用作副词，表示“在某处、到某处”
常用于肯定句中，在否定句和疑问句中用anywhere。
It’s cold here. Let’s go somewhere else.
这太冷了，我们去别的地方吧。
Did you go anywhere last Sunday?
你上周去其他地方了吗？
It’s a great way to spend a Saturday afternoon.
(1) way表示“方法”时，后常接动词不定式或者of doing作定语。
Can you think out a way to open the door/of opening the door?
你能想出一种开门的方法吗？
(2) spend的用法
① sb. spend 时间/金钱 on sth. “在某事上花费多长时间或者多少钱”
The man spent the whole day on his speech.
这个人在演讲上花费了一整天的时间。
The family spent 10,000 dollars on their trip.
这家人在旅行上花费了10000美元。
② sb. spend 时间 (in) doing sth. “花费多长时间做某事”
The boy has spent two hours playing the computer games.
这个男孩花费了两个小时打电脑游戏。
【拓展】辨析spend, pay, take和cost
【section B考点归纳】
One great thing about Singapore is that the temperature is almost the same all year around.
all year around表示“全年”，也可以说all the year around。
Some trees are green all year around.一些树四季常青。
This is because the island is so close to the equator.
be close to表示“靠近、接近、离……近”，close此处用作形容词，表示“接近的”。
The window is close to the door.窗户靠近门。
My house is close to a supermarket.我家靠近超市。
Maybe you fear that you won’t be able to find anything good to eat when you travel.
fear用作动词，意为“害怕、惧怕”。
She feared to tell him the truth.她害怕告诉他真相。
However, if you go to see lions, tigers or foxes during the daytime, they’ll probably be asleep.
however用作副词，表示“然而、不过”，表示转折，后常接逗号。
It rained suddenly. However, it became clear soon.
突然下雨了，然而，天很快就放晴了。
On the one hand, more than three quarters of the population are Chinese...On the other hand, Singapore is an English-speaking country...
on the one hand...on the other hand...意为“一方面……，另一方面……”
用于引出不同的或者对立的观点和看法。
On the one hand, Peter wants to make more money.
On the other hand, he wants to have more time to enjoy life.
For thousands of tourists from China, this small island in Southeast Asia is a wonderful and safe place to take a holiday.
thousands of意为“成千上万的、数以万计的”，表示一个不具体的数字，前面不能用具体的数字修饰，后接可数名词复数形式。类似用法的还有hundred、million、billion。
当此类词表示确数时，要用“基数词 其单数形式 ...”
They plant thousands of trees every year.他们每年种植上千棵树。
Whether you like Indian food, Western food orJapanese food, you’ll find it all in Singapore!
whether用作连词，表示“不管…（还是）；或者…（或者）”，常与or连用，引导让步状语从句。
Whether you like it or not, you’ll have to do it.
不管你喜不喜欢，你都不得不做。
So you can choose to go whenever you like-spring, summer, autumn or winter.
whenever用作连词，表示“在任何时候、无论何时”，在句中引导时间状语从句。
You can come back whenever you want to.
任何时候你想回来都成。
【语法归纳】
（一）have/has been to 与have/has gone to
(1)“have/ has been to 地点名词”表示“去过某地”，表示某人的一种经历，说话时已不在那个地方，常和once, twice, never, ever等连用。当地点为副词时，则要省掉to。
Where have you been?你去哪儿了？
I’ve been to the post office.我去邮局了。（人已不在邮局）
Have you been to Shanghai?你曾去过上海吗？
No,I’ve never been there.没有，我从来没有去过那儿。
(2)“have/has gone to 地点名词”表示“去了某地”，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的路上、已在某地或在回来的路上，所以此句型常用于第三人称，不能与时间状语once, twice, never, ever等连用，也不能和for以及since构成的短语连用。
---Where is Simon? 西蒙在哪儿？
He has gone to Australia with his family.他和家人一起去澳大利亚了。
（人已不在这儿，在去澳大利亚的路上、已在澳大利亚或从澳大利亚返回的途中）
助记
have/has been to, have/has gone to意不同，两者用法当分清。
have/has been to 地点，“曾经去过某地”行；
have/has gone to 地点，“已去某地”人无踪。
【拓展】
“have/has been in 地点名词”表示“在某地待过（多久）”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
例如：
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生来上海已经3天了。
We have been in China since 5 years ago. 我们自从5年前就来中国了。
How long have you been in New York? 你在纽约多久了？
（二）非延续性动词与延续性动词
(1)非延续性动词也称为短暂性动词或瞬息动词，这类动词所表示的动作往往在“瞬间”就完成了，动作不能“持续”，可以用于完成时态，但在完成时态的句子中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
如：since two days ago, for two years等。
如果要表示该动作的延续，就需要将其转换为延续性动词或表示状态的词。
The film started two hours ago. 电影是两个小时前开始的。（正确）
→The film has been on for two hours. 电影已经开始两个小时了。（正确）
The film has started. 电影已经开始了。 （正确）
The film has started for two hours. 电影已经开始两个小时了。（错误）
常见的非延续性动词有：
die, buy, borrow, lend, come, go, arrive, stop, finish, leave, open, close, begin, start, see, marry, join, hear等。
(2)延续性动词，是指动作可以延续的动词，可以跟表示持续一段时间的时间状语连用。
常用的延续性动词有：keep, have, last, run, eat, drink, sing, sleep, sit, teach, live, stay等。
I have kept the book for two days. 这本书我已经借了两天了。
He will stay here for a week. 他要在这里待一周。
(3)非延续性动词所表示的动作不能持续，若要跟for或since等表示一段时间的状语，则该非延续性动词要用延续性动词或表示状态的词来替换。
Jim left his hometown last year. 吉姆去年离开了家乡。
=Jim has been away from his hometown for a year. 吉姆离开家乡一年了。
常见的非延续性动词和对应的延续性动词或表示状态的词：
非延续性动词→延续性动词/表示状态的词
die → be dead
borrow → keep
buy/catch → have
get up → be up
come/arrive/go → be in/at
finish/stop → be over
leave → be away (from)
open → be open
close → be closed
begin/start → be on
marry → be married
join → be in/ be a member of
(4)非延续性动词的现在完成时的否定式可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，因为非延续性动词的这种否定形式构成一种状态，而这一状态是可以持续的。例如：
He hasn’t bought any sweets for a year. 他已经有一年没有买糖果了。
I haven’t seen Mr. Zhang for ages. 我好几年没有看到张先生了。
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