初中英语语法精品资料第九讲，冠词必考知识点精编
一、现在完成时的基本概念及用法
1. 现在完成时：
表示过去发生或已经完成的某一个动作对现在产生的影响或结果。由“Have/has done”构成，通常和副词never，ever，just，already，yet等连用。
2. 句型结构：
（1）肯定句：主语 have/has done sth.
eg：He has eaten this cake. 他已经吃过这个蛋糕了。
（2）否定句：主语 have/has not done sth.
eg：He has not eaten this cake.他还没吃过这个蛋糕。
（3）疑问句Have/has 主语 done sth.
eg：Has he eaten this cake?他吃过蛋糕了吗？
3.现在完成时的用法：
（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一个动作对现在产生的影响或结果，落脚点（即说话的时间点）是现在。
eg： I have lost my pen.我的钢笔丢了。（现在找不到）
They has just had lunch.他们刚吃过午饭了。（现在不饿）
（2）表示动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，将来还有可能继续发生。
eg： I have worked in this school for five years.我已经在这所学校工作了五年了。（将来还有可能继续在这里工作）
二、现在完成时的标志性时间词。
1. already，yet已经/还
（1）already常用于肯定句，助动词之后，过去分词之前。
eg：He has already finished his homework.他已经完成家庭作业了。
Our flight has already left.我们的飞机已经起飞了。
（2）yet 多用于否定句、疑问句，且常在句末。（有“还未的意思”）
eg：He hasn’t finished his homework yet.他还没有完成家庭作业。
The Whites haven’t gone to Shanghai yet.怀特一家还没去上海。
2. for/since
（1）“for 一段时间”，表示某个动作持续了多久。
eg：I have worked as a teacher for ten years.我已经当了10年的老师了。
You have already worked for eight hours and you should stop to have a rest.你已经工作了8小时了，你应该停下来休息一下了。
（2）since“自从…起”
They have been good friends since they were children.从他们还是孩子时起，他们就是好朋友了。
We have lived in China since 2007.我们从2007年开始就住在中国了。
3. ever/never
（1）ever“曾经”
eg：Have you ever been to Beijing？你去过北京吗？
（2）never“从不”
eg：I have never seen such a beautiful girl.我从来没有看见过这么漂亮的女孩。
4. so far/ just/ before
（1）so far“目前为止”
eg：There has been no bad news so far.目前为止还没有坏消息。
They haven’t found the lost girl so far.目前为止，他们还没有找到失踪的女孩。
（2）just“刚刚”
eg：He has just come back from the UK.他刚从英国回来。
（3）before“刚刚，之前”
I have never been to Ice-land before.我之前从来没有去过冰岛。
三、现在完成时高频考点
1. “have/has been to”V.S. “have/has gone to”
（1） have been to强调主人公已经从去的那个地方回来了，不再说话提及的那个地方
（2）have/has gone to强调的是谈论的对象不在说话地点，去了某地，之在路上或已经到达。
eg：
Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你去过长城吗？
——I have been there twice.我去过两次。（现在已经回来，不在长城）
My parents have gone to Shenzhen.我的爸妈去了深圳。（去了深圳，还未回来；不在说话地点）
现在完成时练习
(一)单项选择
1. -Where have you _____, Kate?
——I've ______ to the bank.
A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone
2. Her grandfather ______ for two years.
A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died
3. It's six weeks ______ I met you last.
三
A. when B. since C. before D. for
4. Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .（呼和浩特）
A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know
5. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
A. already B. never C. ever D. still
6.Have you met Mr Li ______？
A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago
7. —Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good
C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better
8. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was ; studying B. will ; study
C. has ; studied D. are ; studying
9 .Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see
10.—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
A. will they go B. did they go
C. do they go D. have they gone
11.—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished
C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish
12. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
13.—Do you know him well ?
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
A. were B. have been C. have become D . have made
14. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
A. has begun B. had begun
C. has been on D. began
15. It _____ ten years since he left the army .
A. is B. has C. will D. was
16. Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been
17. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
A. have been in B. have been to
C. have gone to D. have been
18. The students have cleaned the classroom, ______?
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
（三）按要求改写下列各句:
1.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)
2.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)
3.. He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）
4. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)
__________________ they been here?
5. The old man ____ last year. He____for a year. (die) （动词填空）
6. This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory ________ for twenty years.
7. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
8. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
9. The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.
10. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (合并两个句子)
___________________________________________
（三） 汉译英。
1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。
2、 他昨天收到一封信。
3、 我父亲以前到过长城。
4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。
5、 她去过上海。
6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？
的，大约处在阳历的7月中下旬至8月中下旬。
参考答案：
一、单项选择。
1-5 DBBBB 6-10CCCBB
11-15 BDBCA 16-18AAD
二、句型转换。
1、They haven’t bought a computer.
2、Has he lost his book?——Yes, he has./No, he hasn’t.
3、has he?
4、How long
5、died, has been dead
6、has been open
7、has been away
8、joined；ago
9、It is, since
10、The bus has been here for ten minutes.
三 、汉译英。
1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.
2、He received a letter yesterday.
3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.
4、She hasn't seen the new film yet.
5、She has been to Shanghai.
6、Where has he been these days？
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