如何应对大学英语四级考试八种常考题型的作文
在本章的第一部分“《大学英语考试大纲》及《全国大学英
语四、六级考试改革方案》对写作的要求”中，我们已经谈到大学英语四级考试中的作文考试的题型主要有以下八种：1）提纲作文， 2）情景提示作文，3）看图作文， 4）段首句作文，5）应用文， 6）关键词作文，7）命题作文， 8）缩写和摘要写作。下面我们就结合这8种题型，依次逐一分析我们在写作考试中的应对技巧和方法：
1） 提纲作文
提纲作文是近几年的写作考试中最常见的题型，占历次考试的80%以上。因为所给出的提纲往往就是该段的主题句，因而提纲作文又称主题句作文。
由于有了命题和提纲对整篇文章的主题内容和选材范围进行规范，考生就不容易偏题，因而这种题型更易于检查考生的语言表达能力。考生应根据提纲对文章主题和内容的规定进行拓展，完成全文的写作。
在下面的两篇范例中，第一篇根据中文提纲写作的范文，第二篇为根据英文提纲写作的范文，这正是大学英语四级考试提纲作文的两种类型。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Prepare for a Job Interview. You should write at least 120 words，and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
1．面试在求职过程中的作用;
2．取得面试成功的因素：知识、自信、仪表、举止谈吐、能力……
3．结论。
【范文】
How to Prepare for a Job Interview
As we all know, the rate of employment in China is not high enough for every one. Many students, even those from some famous universities, can’t find satisfactory jobs. So if you once get a chance of interview, you should make full use of the opportunity.
The following are some of the factors you should pay attention to during interview:
Firstly, collect as much information about the company as you
can before the interview, which is the most important point for you
can never enter a company you know nothing about. In addition, if
you know more than the other interviewees, you are more likely to be
chosen, and the interviewer will be more satisfied with your presentation.
Secondly, be self-confident and lighten up. Though you don’t have much experience, you can still say to yourself “believe myself, I can do it well”. Meanwhile, you can also show your confidence with the help of your rate of speech, pitch and tone of your voice, expression through the eyes and the ability to hold the interest of the interviewer.
Thirdly, arrive at the company earlier than the time set. This will make you relaxed. During this time, you can make yourself more familiar with the company and think about what you will say later.
What’s more, dress comfortably. Your clothes should meet the situation, and you should make a good impression on others wherever you go.
These are some of the tricks for job interview, but not all. If you can work them out, I believe, it will not be very difficult for you to be successful in the job interview.
本文是一篇根据汉语提纲展开的议论性说明文。全文围绕“面试”这个中心展开。
在第一段，作者结合提纲中第一点的提示，简要地说明了面试的作用。第二段是一个过渡段。文章的第三至第六自然段是全文的重点，分别从四个不同的方面阐述了应试者所应采取的措施。最后一段简短明了，对全文作了一个高度总结。
我们再看一个例子：
Directions: For this part, you're allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Advertisement. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline given below:
1.Advertisements are playing an important role in people’s life.
2. On the other hand…
3. Therefore…
【范文】
Advertisement
There are more and more advertisements in our daily life, we can find them in newspapers and magazines as well as on TV. In fact, they have become a part of our lives.
Advertisements are playing an important role in our life. Firstly, we can get much more information from them about jobs, prices of goods, and so on. Secondly, advertisement has become a kind of art that we can appreciate. Thirdly, they have become a fashion that can’t be discarded by the society.
On the other hand, there still exist lots of bad advertisements. These bad advertisements not only bring the rubbish to our culture, but also do harm to people.
Therefore, it is very important for us to differentiate them, which is also a very difficult task.
这是一篇根据英文提纲完成的说明文。文章首先指出“广告”无处不在。第二段结合第一点提示，详细分析“广告”在人们的日常生活中的作用，并巧妙使用“Firstly”，“Secondly”和“Thirdly”使段落层次非常分明。第三段运用“On the other hand”进行转折，指出“广告”对人们的负面影响。在最后一段中，作者简单地提出我们自己应该怎么做。
资料来源：李华田主编《四级写作》，新大学英语四、六级考点透视丛书/李华田主编，武汉大学出版社，2006
