俄罗斯奥运队的女子体操运动员们
What is ROC at Olympic Games, is it a country and is Russia at Tokyo 2020?
奥运会上的ROC是什么？它是一个国家吗？俄罗斯到底参加了2020年东京奥运会吗？
THE Olympic Games is underway as athletes from around the world attempt to bring glory to their countries.
奥运会正在进行中，来自世界各地的运动员争相为他们的国家带来荣耀。
But eagle-eyed fans will have notice the abbreviation ROC appearing alongside one of the teams.
但观察入微的观众们注意到ROC这一缩写随着其中一支运动员的队伍出现在了赛场上。
东京奥运会开幕式上入场的俄罗斯奥委会队
What is ROC and how did it come about?
什么是ROC？它是如何产生的？
ROC stands for Russian Olympic Committee.
ROC代表俄罗斯奥委会。
303 athletes from Russia are set to compete under the Olympic flag rather than representing Russia as a country.
来自俄罗斯的303名运动员将以奥运会队伍的名义比赛，而不是代表俄罗斯作为一个国家队参赛。
Russia admitted multiple breaches of the sport’s anti-doping code and were fined £7.9million and the news resulted in more than 100 Russian athletes being barred from the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio.
俄罗斯承认多次违反运动的反兴奋剂规定，并被罚款790万英镑，这一消息导致100多名俄罗斯运动员被禁止参加2016年里约夏季奥运会。
* 世界反兴奋剂机构：WADA，于1999年11月10日在瑞士洛桑成立，是国际奥林匹克委员会下设的一个独立部门。总部位于加拿大蒙特利尔。2019年12月9日，世界反兴奋剂机构执行委员会在瑞士洛桑举行会议，通过了“对俄罗斯禁赛四年”的提案。意味着俄罗斯未来四年来将不得参加包括奥运会在内的国际重大赛事，也不得申办和举办国际重大赛事。——WADA执委会争议极大，其中关于孙杨被禁赛的事情大家都知道了；其他还包括执行标准与正直操作问题；碳五、肤白问题，包括2016年世界反兴奋剂机构（WADA）公布了更多田径界兴奋剂丑闻的调查结果，指国际田联前主席、现任国际奥委会委员迪亚克（Lamine Diack）涉及有组织合谋及碳五，包括在2020年奥运主办城市选举中，涉嫌接受日方贿赂而投票给东京。
The Russian anti-doping agency did appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport against WADA sanctions barring Russian teams from competing in or hosting international competitions for four years - with the suspension being cut down to two years, providing they pay £3.5million of the fine by July 1 - which they have successfully done.
俄罗斯反兴奋剂机构确实就禁止俄罗斯队参加或主办国际比赛四年的WADA制裁向体育仲裁法院提出了上诉，暂停时间缩短为两年，前提是他们在7月1日之前支付350万英镑的罚款。这一制裁已成功实施。
The International Olympic Committee therefore paved the way for Russian athletes to compete as Authorised Neutral Athletes at Tokyo 2020.
因此，国际奥委会为俄罗斯运动员在2020年东京奥运会上作为授权中立运动员参赛铺平了道路。
Athletes who provide negative drug tests are to compete under a neutral flag and are not allowed to march under the Russian flag or wear Russia's colours or logos.
提供阴性药检的运动员将在中立旗下比赛，不允许在俄罗斯国旗下游行或佩戴俄罗斯的颜色或标志。
What kit do the ROC athletes have to wear? Do they have a national anthem?
俄罗斯奥委会运动员能穿什么装备？他们有国歌吗？
If the ROC win any medals, the Olympic theme will play during the ceremony instead of the usual Russian national anthem.
如果俄罗斯奥委会赢得任何奖牌，在仪式上演奏的将是奥运会主题曲，而不是通常的俄罗斯国歌。
However, this time around they will be allowed to wear tracksuits in the colours of the Russian flag, so long as the word "Russia" does not appear.
不过，这一次，只要“俄罗斯”一词不出现，他们将被允许穿有着俄罗斯国旗颜色的运动服。
In 2018, Russian athletes had to collect their medals wearing grey tracksuits.
2018年的时候，俄罗斯运动员不被允许穿国旗相关颜色运动服的时候，还不得不穿着灰色运动服领取奖牌。
Anyone from the media must refer to them as “Russian Olympic Committee” - so get your head screwed on for that.
所有媒体都必须把他们称为“俄罗斯奥林匹克委员会”——所以，大家都为了说明清楚而绞尽脑汁。
2018年平昌冬奥会上，身穿灰色服装的俄罗斯奥委会运动员
左一为俄罗斯奥委会旗帜
Has Russia been banned from the Olympic Games before?
俄罗斯以前被禁止参加奥运会吗？
This will not be the first time Russian athletes have competed under the a neutral banner, as they previously did so in the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang.
这不是俄罗斯运动员第一次在中立的旗帜下比赛，就像他们之前在2018年平昌冬奥会上那样。
Back then, they were known as OAR - Olympic Athletes from Russia.
当时，他们被称为来自俄罗斯的奥运会划桨运动员。
However, the name ROC was decided after the International Olympic Committee decided the word "Russia" could no longer be used in the team name.
然而，在国际奥委会决定“俄罗斯”一词不能再用于参赛队伍名称后，俄罗斯奥委会队伍的名称被确定。
In 2018, the Paralympic Committee was even stricter, insisting that Russian athletes could only compete under the name NPA - Neutral Paralympic Athletes.
2018年，残奥会委员会更加严格，坚持俄罗斯运动员只能以中立残奥会运动员，即NPA的名义参赛。
While all Russian athletes have never been banned outright, the Soviet Union did boycott the Los Angeles Olympics in 1984.
尽管所有俄罗斯运动员从未被彻底禁止参赛，但苏联确实在1984年抵制了洛杉矶奥运会。
This is because the United States boycotted the 1980 Moscow Olympics over the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
这是因为美国在1980年，因苏联入侵阿富汗而抵制了莫斯科奥运会。
What is EOR?
什么是EOR呢？
Not to be confused with the Russians, EOR is the much-celebrated Team of Refugee Olympic Athletes.
不要和俄国人混淆，出现在奥运赛场上还有一个EOR，是非常著名的奥运会难民运动员队伍。
It is an acronym based on the French name for 'Refugee Olympic Team' - 'Equipe Olympique des Refugies'.
这是一个基于“难民奥运队”法语名称的首字母缩略词。
In 2016, ten men and women who came from embattled nations like South Sudan and Syria to compete at the Rio Olympics and will do so again this time around.
2016年，来自南苏丹和叙利亚等硝烟四起的国家的10名男女参加了里约奥运会，这次他们将再次参加。
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