定语从句1、定语可以由形容词，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句．，下面我们就来说一说关于高考定语从句题库?我们一起去了解并探讨一下这个问题吧!
高考定语从句题库
定语从句
1、定语可以由形容词，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句．
2、定语从句用来修饰名词，代词或整个主句．
3、定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。
4、定语从句存在的条件:先行词 关系词 从句
5、定语从句的构成步骤：
1）找出先行词
a．确定从句中关系代词的人称和数。
b．确定定语从句的位置（一般定语从句都紧跟在先行词后）
2）确定关系代词在从句中所担当的成分，以确定关系代词的格。
3）确定从句时态，根据实际情况确定定语从句的时态（它的时态和语态都不受主句的限制）。
（一）定语从句及相关术语
1、定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2、关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：1. 引导定语从句 2. 代替先行词 3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分
（二）关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
注意：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
(1) I, who am your best friend, will do all that I can to help you.
(2) The family, who are fond of music, go to the concert once a month.
(3) He is one of the boys in our class who speak English well.
（one of 复数名词 关系代词引导的定语从句谓语动词用复数形式）
(4) He is the only one of the boys in our class who speaks English well.
the (only；very；right) one of 复数名词 关系代词引导的定语从句谓语动词用单数形式）
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当动词或介词的宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person whom you talked about on the bus.（whom 作介词about的宾语）
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. （whom作see的宾语）
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who或that代替，可省略，比如:
Do you know the boy whom/who/that my mother is talking to?
注意：如果介词后面只能用whom，例如：Do you know the boy to whom my mother is talking?3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(1) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
6．but作关系词只能引导限制性定语从句，同具有否定意思的主句连用，相当于that…not, who…not或which…not。
(1) There is not a single student in my class but would like to study more. （but = who…not ）
(2) There are very few but are against war （but = who…not）
（四）关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词 关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
（五）判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （ ）
I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （ ） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （ ）
I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.（ ）
方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案：
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
（六）介词 关系词：关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时, 从句常由介词 关系代词引导。
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
(1)The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词 关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
(1) This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
(2) This is the house where I lived two years ago.
(3) Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
(4) Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. ( ) (2) This is the watch for which I am looking. ( ) 2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which
不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. ( )
(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. ( )
(3) The plane on which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. ( )
(4) The plane on that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. ( )
3. “介词 关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
（七）关系代词that, 在从句中可以做宾语和主语，做宾语时可以省略。在定语从句中,有种说法叫"关宾省",意思是关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语可以省略,不管是that，which，还是whom
1、that 和 which
1) 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something也可用which), few, little, all, none, the one, some, much, any等不定代词时，或者是由all， every， each， few，little， much， no， some， any等修饰时用that：
(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little(much) that I can do for you.
(5) Please tell me anything that you know about the matter.
(6) There is little work that is fit for you.
(7) You can take any seat that is free.
(8) Any man that/who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
(9) I mean the one that you talked about just now.
(10) He is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes.
(11) There is something (which; that) I'd like to tell you. (something也可用which)
注意：当先行词为all指人或anyone，everyone，No one，anybody，everybody，somebody时用who
2) 当先行词是序数词或是被序数词修饰，包括the last, the next：
(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
(2) When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing.
(3) The last/next thing that you should do is to work out a plan.
3) 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时
(1) This is the best film that I have seen.
(2) The best that I could do was to apologize.
4) 当先行词被the very，the only，the just，the same，one of等修饰时
(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.
(2) The only thing that we could do was to wait.
(3) This is the very book that I’m looking for.
(4) This is one of the presents that my parents gave me on my birthday.
注意：先行词被the same修饰时，关系代词也可用as, 但是意义不同。
This is the same watch that I have lost.这就是我丢的那只表。（表是我的）
This is the same watch as I have lost. 这和我丢的那只表一样。（表不是我的）
5) 当先行词是疑问代词who，which，what或主句以这些词开头时。
(1) Who is the man that is standing there?
(2) Who that has ever worked together with him doesn’t admire him? 曾经和他一起工作过的谁不钦佩他？
(3) Which is the star that is nearer to the earth？
6) 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时，或先行词是集体名词时。
(1) Can you remember the scientist and his story that we have learned?
(2) They are talking of the heroes that interest them.
7) 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时，不管先行词是人还是物一律用that。
(1) Mary is not the girl that she used to be.
(2) That’s a good book that will help you a lot.
(3) Our school is no longer the place that it used to be.8) time做先行词，前面有序数词和last修饰时，引导定语从句不能用when，用that 或两者都不用。
(1) The first time I saw him was in 1980.
(2) This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.
注意：在the moment…,the minute…, the instant…,every/each time…, any time…的结构中，一般用that代替when, 但是习惯上什么词都不填，例如：
(1) Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.
(2) The machine starts the minute the button is pressed.
9) 当先行词是表示原因或方式（way，reason）的名词时，可以用that引导定语从句（that可以省略），相当于介词 which例如：
(1) She likes the child for the very reason that (=for which) she loves his father. (2) He didn’t like the way that (=in which) she speaks to his mother. (3) the speed that (=at which) he drives the car. (4) The reason (that /for which /why) he came here was to ask for our help.
注意：关系副词在time, day, moment, reason, place后可省略
(1) I meet up with Julie every time (when) I go to Washington.(2) That’s the reason (why) I did it.(3) This is the place (where) we met yesterday.
(4) I remember the moment (when) I first saw him.
2、只能使用which的情况，which能引导非限制性定语从句，that则不行。
1）在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用which。如：
The house in which we live is very large. This is the book of which the teacher is speaking.
注意： 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that。
2）先行词为“those＋复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that。 如：
You should take those maps which may be used in the future work.
3）如果有两个定语从句其中一个用that，另一个用which，或当先行词本身是that且指物时。
Let me show you the book that I borrowed from the library which was newly opened to us.
I’ve found that which I was looking for. The clock is that which tells the time.
4）当关系代词和他的动词被一个短语或从句隔开用which（物） 或 who（人）。
Money was the first thing which，on the death of the father，interested the sons.
I can help any man who, in case he is in trouble, needs my help.
3、多用who 的情况 ①先行词为all, anyone , ones , one，those
One who doesn’t work hard will never succeed in his work .
Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth. ③当先行词和定语从句被分割开时用who或which：
I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could ask me questions in Chinese.
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
He was the only person in his office who was invited to the party.
Larry told her the story of the young airman which I said at the beginning of this book.
④在There be开头的句型中 There is a stranger who wants to see you .
注意：即使关系代词在从句中做主语，可以省略。
There is an old man （who）wants to see you.
⑤在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who,其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。 The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard. There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.
⑥当先行词是he , I , you , they等时（多用于谚语中）
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall isn’t a true man.
He who laughs last laughs best.
注意：关系代词在定语从句中作表语时只能用that：He isn’t the naughty boy that he was several years ago.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
一、限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，如：
限定性定语从句,顾名思义,是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从句,它所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或事、物。它与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。例如:
A man who doesn't learn from others can't achieve much.一个不向别人学习的人是不能有多少成就的。
A man被限定后,指一类特定的人.这类定语从句是不能去掉的,否则剩下的部分就失去意义不能成立,或者含义不清,甚至让人感到莫名其妙。 如：Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 二、非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开如：We visited Palace Museum last summer holiday, which is the greatest Palace in the world。我们参观了故宫,它是世界上最大宫殿。本句若去掉从句,主句部分的含义仍然完整。
1. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。
This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he is always interested in toys, most of which were electric.
He is the best in English among his classmates，most of whom are good at Chinese.
After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life.
Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World War II, when Jews were badly treated in Germany.
注意：用for which 代替why例如：
1) I had told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting. 我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。
2) I had told them the reason why I didn't attend the meeting. 我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。(限制性定语从句“the reason why...”是常见搭配。)3. 在限定性定语从句中作宾语时,引导词可以省略,但引导非限定性定语从句的关联词不能省。试比较: He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved and respected as his own mother.他急于想去医院看望他的继母,他把他的继母当作亲生母亲一样热爱和尊敬。The American journalist（记者） (whom / who) the announcer（播音员） mentioned（提到） in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters. 两例中的关系代词都在从句中作宾语.由于第二例是限定性定语从句,可以省略关系代词;第一例中的引导词不能省略,因为它引导的是非限定性定语从句。4、as 和which引导的非限定性定语从句区别
1) 当非限定性定语从句置于句末时，as和which都可用来引导这个定语，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。As有正如的意思
(1) He was honest, as/which we can see.
(2) China has basically succeeded in defeating SARS, which / as we have expected.
当定语从句在句首时，只能用as引导
As is well known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China.
注意事项：
1、只能用which引导的非限定性定语从句：
1）当非限定性定语从句是否定含义时,就只能用which(而不用as)引导。例如: He didn't win the championship, which I hadn't expected.他没获得冠军,这一点是我没预料到的。
I hadn’t expected that he didn’t win the championship.2）非限制性定语从句由“介词 关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词不能用as。如： He bought the car for more than $20,000, with which his father was angry. 他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对此很生气。 I finished my work ahead of time, after which I sat some time reading the newspaper. 我提前干完了我的活，随后我坐着看了一会儿报纸。
2、只能用as引导的非限定性定语从句
1) as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思
(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.2). 当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行次由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同
(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
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