来加拿大20年,大叔的口语从刚开始的完全懵圈到现在能比较自如地和当地人“倒倒浆糊”,也算是进步不小,虽然现在还时常被女儿“讥笑”。最深刻的体会就是老外在口语中其实用词非常简单,就那么些词翻来覆去,各种搭配,单个词拆开都认识,拼在一起就傻眼。今天我们就来学一学Do和Make这两个最简单的词。它们到底区别在哪里?怎么用?
Do和Make的基本区别
很多时候,我们搞不清楚Do和Make这两个词,从字典上看,它们都可以表示“做”的意思,但是在英语中用法却不一样,看下面这个例子:
我们为什么说“do exercise”而不是“make exercise”;我们为什么说“make a mistake”而不是说“do a mistake”?
它们的区别主要是:
- Do用来表示动作、执行和重复性的劳动;
- Make通常是指创造或生产某样东西,和你选择去做的某个动作;
- Do强调你所做的动作本身;而Make通常表示你所做的结果。比如你“make breakfast”,你得到的是几个小薄饼和煎鸡蛋;你“make a suggestion”是指你给出你的建议。
家务
- do the housework(做家务)
After I got home from the office, I was too tired to do the housework.(下班回到家,我太累了真不想做家务。)
- do the laundry(洗衣服)
I really need to do the laundry – I don’t have any clean clothes left!(我得赶紧去洗衣服了,已经没干净衣服换了。)
- do the dishes(洗碗)你也可以说“wash the dishes”
I’ll make dinner if you do the dishes afterwards.(如果吃完饭你洗碗的话,我就去做饭。)
- do the shopping(购物)
I went to the bank, did some shopping, and mailed a package at the post office.(我去了银行,买了些东西,然后去邮局寄了个包裹。)
但是整理床铺要说“make the bed”而不是“do the bed”,因为整理床铺指的是把被子叠好,床单铺好,枕头放在合适的位置让你的床看起来干净整洁,所以你看到的是结果。
学习和工作
- do work(做工作或者干活)
I can’t go out this weekend – I have to do some work on an extra project.
(这周末我哪儿也去不了,因为有个额外的项目要做。)
- do homework(做作业)
You can’t watch any TV until you’ve done your homework.
(做完作业才能看电视。)
- do business(做生意)
We do business with clients in fifteen countries.
(我们公司跟15个国家的客户有生意往来。)
- do a good/great/terrible job(事情做得很好/很烂)
She did a good job organizing the party.
(她把这次的party组织得非常好。“job” 这个词在这里并不是特指工作,它只是表示你所做的任何事情)
- do a report(做一个报告,也可以说write a report)
I’m doing a report on the history of American foreign policy.
(我正在整理一个关于美国外交政策的报告。)
- do a course(学一门课,也可以说take a course)
We’re doing a course at the local university.
(我们在本地的大学学了一门课。)
照顾好自己身体
- do exercise(锻炼健身)
I do at least half an hour of exercise every day.(我每天至少锻炼半个小时。)
- do your hair(做头发,做发型,相当于style your hair)
I’ll be ready to go in 15 minutes – I just need to do my hair.(我还要15分钟弄一下我的头发。)
- do your nails(美甲,相当于paint your nails)
Can you open this envelope for me? I just did my nails and they’re still wet.(你能帮我打开这个信封吗?我刚做了美甲,现在还没干。)
一般常用的Do短语
- do anything / something / everything / nothing(做任何事,做点事,事必躬亲,无所事事)
Are you doing anything special for your birthday?(你生日有什么特殊的庆祝活动?)
You can’t do everything by yourself – let me help you.(你不可能什么事都自己做,我来帮你吧。)
- do well(还不错)
I think I did pretty well in the interview.(我觉得这次面试我做的挺不错的。)
- do badly(一塌糊涂)
Everyone did badly on the test – the highest grade was 68.(这次考试大家都考的不好,最高才68分。)
- do good(做好事,做有用的事)
The non-profit organization has done a lot of good in the community.(这个非盈利机构为整个社区做了很多好事。)
- do the right thing(做正确的事)
When I found someone’s wallet on the sidewalk, I turned it in to the police because I wanted to do the right thing.(我在路边捡到个钱包,我把它交给了经常,因为我觉得这是正确的事。)
- do your best(尽最大的努力)
Don’t worry about getting everything perfect – just do your best.(尽你自己最大的努力就好,不要想事事都做到完美。)
Make的常用英语搭配
食物
- make breakfast/lunch/dinner(做早餐/午餐/晚餐)
I’m making dinner – it’ll be ready in about ten minutes.(我在准备晚饭,大概还要10分钟。)
- make a sandwich(做一个三明治)
Could you make me a turkey sandwich?(你能帮我做一个火鸡三明治吗?)
- make a salad(做色拉)
I made a salad for the family picnic.(家里的野餐,我拌了一个色拉。)
- make a cup of tea(泡一杯茶)
Would you like me to make you a cup of tea?(要我给你泡杯茶吗?)
- make a reservation(订位)
I’ve made a reservation for 7:30 at our favorite restaurant.(我在我们最喜欢的饭店订了个位,7点半。)
金钱
- make money(挣钱)
I enjoy my job, but I don’t make very much money.(我喜欢我的工作但工资不高。)
- make a profit(赚钱,有利润)
The new company made a profit within its first year.(这个新的公司第一年就开始赚钱了。)
- make a fortune(发财,发了财)
He made a fortune after his book hit #1 on the bestseller list.(他写的书在最佳销量榜上排第一,他发财了。)
- make $_______(赚了多少钱)
I made $250 selling my old CDs on the internet.(我在网上卖我的老CD赚了250块。)
人际关系
- make friends(交朋友)
It’s hard to make friends when you move to a big city.(当你搬到一个大城市后很难交到朋友。)
- make love (做爱,相当于have sex)
The newlyweds made love on the beach during their honeymoon.(这对新婚夫妻度蜜月的时候在海滩上做爱。)
- make a pass at(和某人调情,相当于flirt with someone)
My best friend’s brother made a pass at me – he asked if I was single and tried to get my phone number.(我闺蜜的哥哥居然和我调情,他问我是不是单身还想问我要电话号码。)
- make fun of someone(取笑某人,相当于tease/mock someone)
The other kids made fun of Jimmy when he got glasses, calling him “four eyes.”(那些孩子取笑带了眼镜的Jimmy,叫他“四眼仔”。)
- make up(弥补,和解,和好,相当于resolve a problem in a relationship)
Karen and Jennifer made up after the big fight they had last week.(Karen和Jennifer上礼拜大吵一顿后,现在又和好了。)
交流沟通
- make a phone call(打电话)
Please excuse me – I need to make a phone call.(抱歉,我得去打个电话。)
- make a joke(开玩笑)
He made a joke, but it wasn’t very funny and no one laughed.(他开了玩笑,但真的不是很好笑,所有的人都没笑。)
- make a point(提出一个观点或建议)
Dana made some good points during the meeting; I think we should consider her ideas.(Dana在会议上提出了几个很好的观点,我觉得我们应该考虑一下。)
- make a bet(打一个赌)
I made a bet with Peter to see who could do more push-ups.(我和Peter打赌谁能做更多的俯卧撑。)
- make a complaint(投诉)
We made a complaint with our internet provider about their terrible service, but we still haven’t heard back from them.(我们投诉了网络供应商的服务糟透了,但还没得到回音。)
- make a confession(承认)
I need to make a confession: I was the one who ate the last piece of cake.(我得承认我吃了最后那一片披萨。)
- make a speech(作演讲)
The company president made a speech about ethics in the workplace.(公司的大头针对办公室的规章制度做了个演讲。)
- make a suggestion(提一个建议)
Can I make a suggestion? I think you should cut your hair shorter – it’d look great on you!(我能提个建议吗?我觉得你剪短发更好。)
- make a prediction(作出一个预测)
It’s difficult to make any predictions about the future of the economy.(很难预测未来的经济情况。)
- make an excuse(找一个借口)
When I asked him if he’d finished the work, he started making excuses about how he was too busy.(当我问他是不是完成了他的工作,他开始找借口说他怎么怎么忙。)
- make a promise(作出一个承诺,相当于promise)
I made a promise to help her whenever she needs it.(我答应她无论什么时候她需要帮助,我就会出现。)
- make a fuss(大惊小怪相当于demonstrate annoyance)
Stop making a fuss – he’s only late a couple minutes. I’m sure he’ll be here soon.(别大惊小怪的,他只是迟到了两分钟,我确信他马上就到了。)
- make an observation(观察)
I’d like to make an observation about our business plan – it’s not set in stone, so we can be flexible.(我会一直关注我们的生意计划,它并不是一尘不变的,我们可以随时做调整。)
- make a comment(批注)
The teacher made a few critical comments on my essay.(老师给我的作文提了很多批评意见。)
注意,不过千万不要说“make a question”,正确的说法是“ask a question”
计划进展
- make plans(制定计划)
We’re making plans to travel to Australia next year.(我们在做一个明年去澳大利亚的旅行计划。)
- make a decision/choice(做一个决定/选择)
I’ve made my decision – I’m going to go to New York University, not Boston University.(我决定去纽约大学,不去波士顿大学。)
- make a mistake(犯了个错)
You made a few mistakes in your calculations – the correct total is $5430, not $4530.(你的计算中有蛮多的错误,正确的总金额是5430块,不是4530块。)
- make progress(有进展)
My students are making good progress. Their spoken English is improving a lot.(我的学生进步挺快的,他们的英语口语有了很大的提高。)
- make an attempt / effort(尝试,相当于try)
I’m making an effort to stop smoking this year.(今年我要戒烟。)
- make up your mind(做决定)
Should I buy a desktop or a laptop computer? I can’t make up my mind.(我不知道该买台式机还是手提电脑。)
- make a discovery(有发现)
Scientists have made an important discovery in the area of genetics.(科学家在基因领域有了重大发现。)
- make a list(列个清单)
I’m making a list of everything we need for the wedding: invitations, decorations, a cake, a band, the dress…(我正在列一个婚礼的清单,请柬,装饰,蛋糕,乐队,婚纱等等)
- make sure(确定,相当于confirm)
Can you make sure we have enough copies of the report for everybody at the meeting?(你确定开会的每个人都有一份报告吗?)
- make a difference(有区别)
Getting eight hours of sleep makes a big difference in my day. I have more energy!(能睡8个小时真的有很大区别,我现在精力充沛。)
- make an exception(破例)
Normally the teacher doesn’t accept late homework, but she made an exception for me because my backpack was stolen with my homework inside it.(一般来说老师不会接受晚交的作业,不过因为我的书包连同作业一起被偷了,所以她破例让我晚一点交了作业。)
【结语】希望这篇文章能让大家熟练掌握Do和Make的用法以及记住这些固定的短语搭配,学到原汁原味的英语。欢迎关注@大叔聊加拿大留学,分享英语学习经验和加拿大留学的最新资讯。
,