【处暑】是中国传统二十四节气(the 24 traditional Chinese solar terms)中的第十四个节气,也是秋季的第二个节气。元代文人吴澄的著作《月令七十二候集解》说:“处,止也,暑气至此而止矣。”【处暑】,即为“出暑”,是炎热离开的意思。“三伏天”涉及【小暑】、【大暑】、【立秋】、【处暑】四个节气,这时“三伏天”已过或近尾声。时至【处暑】,太阳直射点继续南移、太阳辐射减弱,副热带高压也向南撤退,意味着中国大多数地区暑意渐消,迈入凉爽的秋天。
【处暑】至,秋风凉。有人闲适有人伤感。我们来古诗词之中感受一下。
1《早秋曲江感怀》
唐·白居易
离离暑云散,袅袅凉风起。
池上秋又来,荷花半成子。
朱颜易销歇,白日无穷已。
人寿不如山,年光急于水。
青芜与红蓼,岁岁秋相似。
去岁此悲秋,今秋复来此。
2《闲适》
宋·陆游
四时俱可喜,最好新秋时。
柴门傍野水,邻叟闲相期。
3《七月二十四日山中已寒二十九日处暑》
宋·张嵲
尘世未徂暑,山中今授衣。
露蝉声渐咽,秋日景初微。
四海犹多壘,余生久息机。
漂流空老大,万事与心违。
4《处暑》
明·张穆
一岁频过处暑天,单衣林麓胜情偏。
田无负郭供公役,邻有藏书借为编。
山市每欺沽酒近,岩居深德种桃先。
宵来疏雨添无赖,尽夜绳床恣意眠。
5《处暑》
宋·吕本中
平时遇处暑,庭户有馀凉。
乙纪走南国,炎天非故乡。
寥寥秋尚远,杳杳夜光长。
尚可留连否,年丰粳稻香。
“寒来暑往,秋收冬藏”,“四运循环转,寒暑自相承”。大自然四季循环,周而复始,生生不息。有人陪你立黄昏,有人问你粥可温,愿秋日凉来,诸君安康。
【处暑】的英语表达常见的有End of Heat,the Limit of Heat,和the Stopping of Heat 这几种,其中以End of Heat 用得最广泛。有时也直接用汉语拼音Chushu来表达。双语纪录片《四季中国》采用的也是End of Heat。
In China, regions beyond the Great Wall will enter autumn in early September. People can enjoy the gradual change of scenery from summer to autumn.
在中国,长城以北的地区将会在九月初进入秋季。人们可以欣赏自夏入秋逐渐变化的景色。
But in some areas, especially in South China, autumn is late in coming and people are still bothered by hot weather. End of Heat is also the busy harvest season for farmers.
但是在某些地区,特别是中国南方,秋天迟迟未至,人们依旧被酷热的天气困扰。【处暑】对农民而言也是忙碌的丰收季。
The autumn sky is clear and the air is crisp (adj.清新的,清脆的). Clouds in the sky scatter (v.散开,散落) around in different shapes. We can go for field trips with friends and families, and enjoy the beauty of nature.
秋天天气晴朗,空气清新。天空中的云以不同的形状散开。我们可以与朋友和家人一起去实地考察,享受大自然的美丽。
As the weather becomes cool during End of Heat, many people will feel languid (adj.倦怠的,无精打采的)and weary (adj.疲劳的,疲倦的), which is called “autumn weariness (n.疲倦,倦怠)”. We should get enough sleep and do more exercises.
【处暑】期间,随着天气转凉,一些人会感到精神不振,浑身乏力,这就是所说的“秋乏”。我们应该保持充足的睡眠,积极锻炼。
End of Heat is a precious season for flower viewing. The night-blooming cereus (昙花) often blooms during the period of End of Heat. While blooming, its core is as white as new snow, shining in the night, known as the “beauty under the moon”.
【处暑】是珍贵的观花季。昙花常在处暑时期绽放。昙花绽放时,其蕊如新雪,通身洁白,在夜色中熠熠生辉,素有“月下美人”的称呼。
There is a folk tradition of eating ducks before or after Chushu. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, ducks are sweet in taste and cool in nature. There are many recipes (n.食谱) for cooking ducks such as roast duck, cooked duck with lemon and smoked duck with walnut (n.胡桃).
民间有【处暑】吃鸭子的传统。传统中医理论记载,鸭子味甘,性凉。鸭子有很多种制作方法,例如烤鸭、柠檬鸭、胡桃酱熏鸭。
(图文参考网络,原创编辑。)
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