小升初英语语法动词短语讲解(新学期必备小升初英语必须牢记的十类词性分类及用法)(1)

一周知识总结

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1、some

用于肯定句中,在否定句和问句中改为any,但当表示委婉语气时仍用。

如:Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?

2 、代词

人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前。

主格分别是 I ,you, he, she, it ,we ,you ,they。

宾格做宾语用,一般放在动词或介词后。

宾格分别是me ,you, him, her ,it, us ,you ,them。

如:Open them for me.Let us …, join me等。

形容词性物主代词放在名词前,不能单独使用。

分别是my ,your, his ,her, its, our, your, their。

名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词,它只能单独使用后面不好加名词。

分别是mine ,yours ,his, hers ,its, ours, yours ,theirs。

3 、介词

介词后要么不加动词,加动词只能加动词ing形式。

如:be good at running;

do well in jumping.

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4 、时间介词

季节前,月份前用介词in。

如:in summer;in March

具体的哪一天如星期几,几月几日用介词on。

如:on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning

在几点钟前用介词at。

如:at a quarter to four;

只在上下午晚上用in

如:in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;但在夜间用at night。

另:季节,月份和星期前不好加the.

5、 名词复数的构成方法

有规则的有:

(1)直接在名词后加s

如orange—oranges; photo—photos

(2) 以x, s, sh, ch 结尾的加es

如:box—boxes; glass—glasses; waitress—waitresses; watch—watches;peach--peaches

(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es

如:study—studies;library—libraries; hobby—hobbies; family—families

(4)以f, fe结尾的改f, fe 为v es

如:knife—knives; thief—thieves

(注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es, mango—mangoes其余加s,)

不规则的有:

man—men; woman—women; people—people; child—children

6、 动词第三人称单数的构成

(1)直接在动词后加s

如:run—runs; dance—dances

(2)以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es

如:do—does;go—goes;wash—washes;catch—catches

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es

如:study—studies; carry—carries

7、现在分词的构成

(1)直接在动词后加ing

如:sing—singing; ski—skiing

(2)双写词尾加ing

如:swim—swimming; jog—jogging;run—running

(3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing

如:ride—riding; dance—dancing; make—making

8、 规则动词过去式的构成

(1)直接在动词后加ed

如:clean—cleaned; milk—milked; play—played

(2)以e结尾的直接加d

如:dance—danced; taste—tasted

(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed

如:study—studied;carry—carried

(4)双写词尾加ed

如:stop—stopped; jog—jogged

不规则的有:

am,is—was; are—were; do,does—did; have,has—had; go—went; meet—met; sit—sat; see—saw; get—got; tell—told; run—ran; come—came; steal—stole; read—read

9 、形容词副词比较级的构成

规则的:

(1)直接在形容词或副词后加er

如:small—smaller; low—lower

(2)以e结尾的加r

如:late—larer

(3)双写词尾加er

如:big—bigger; thin—thinner; fat—fatter

(4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er

如:heavy—heavier; early—earlier

不规则的有:

good, well—better(最高级为best); many, much--- more(最高级为most); far---farther

10、 Rain和Snow的用法

(1)作为名词意思是雨水和雪是不可数名词

如:There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那儿的春天有很多雨水。

(2) 作为动词意思是下雨和下雪,有四种形式分别是:

动词原形rain, snow;

第三人称单数rains ,snows;

现在分词raining; snowing;

过去式rained; snowed。

如:①Look! It is raining now. 瞧!天正在下雨。

②It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天经常下雨。

③ It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。

④It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。

3)形容词为rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的

如:It is often rainy here in spring.这儿的春天经常是有雨的。

If it is rainy tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.如果明天是有雨的,我将呆在家里。

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