《美国重新开放，旅客入境有哪些要求？》
《The U.S. Is Reopening. Here’s What Travelers Need to Know About Testing, Boosters and More.》
On Nov. 8, the United States will lift an 18-month ban on international tourists, as long as they show proof of vaccination and a negative coronavirus test. The land borders with Canada and Mexico will also reopen for international visitors who are fully vaccinated and American citizens residing in those countries, as well as U.S. tourists returning home. Currently, passenger traffic in the United States is close to reaching 2019 levels, with millions of domestic travelers passing through Transportation Security Administration checkpoints each day.
11月8日，美国将取消对国际游客长达18个月的禁令，只需出示疫苗接种证明和新冠检测阴性证明即可。与加拿大和墨西哥的陆地边境也将对已完全接种疫苗的国际游客和居住在这些国家的美国公民，以及回国的美国游客重新开放。目前，美国国内的客流量已接近2019年的水平，每天有数百万国内旅客通过运输安全管理局的检查站。
Millions more are expected to hit the skies and the roads in the coming weeks. But as pandemic regulations ease in some countries, others are tightening entry rules to contain new waves of the virus. The shifting rules, rapidly changing course of the pandemic and lack of international coordination on travel regulations continue to leave consumers — and many travel operators — flustered and confused.
在接下来的几周，预计还会有数百万人进行航空和陆路旅行。但随着一些国家的疫情法规放宽，另外一些国家正在收紧入境规则，以遏制新一波的病毒浪潮。不断变化的规则、快速变化的疫情，以及缺乏国际协调的旅行法规，继续让消费者——以及许多旅游行业经营者——感到慌乱和困惑。
Travelers, both those going abroad and those entering the United States, are likely to have questions about the complicated regulations this holiday season. Here’s what we know so far, but be sure to come back — as rules are constantly changing.
美国出入境旅客可能会对假日期间的复杂规定产生疑问。以下是我们目前所知道的，由于规则在不断变化，你可能需要经常关注本文的更新。
Both PCR and viral tests are accepted for travel to the United States. Vaccinated travelers must take the test 72 hours before their departure, while unvaccinated American travelers must take the test within 24 hours.
可持PCR和病毒检测结果进入美国。接种疫苗的旅客必须在出发前72小时内进行检测，而未接种疫苗的美国旅客必须在出发前24小时内进行检测。
Many hotels offer in-house testing facilities for an additional fee. If not, ask the concierge service or hotel reception for the nearest place you can get tested that will guarantee results within the required time frame.
许多酒店提供额外收费的住店检测。如果没有，请向礼宾服务人员或酒店前台询问最近的检测地点，以保证在规定的时间内拿到结果。
Many pharmacies offer tests for travel and most major cities have walk-in test sites, which do not require appointments. Test prices can vary between $25 and $150, depending on the country and PCR tests are more expensive and results take longer to process.
许多药房提供旅行需要的检测，大多数主要城市都有无需预约的检测点。检测价格在25美元到150美元之间不等，具体取决于在哪个国家；PCR检测更昂贵，并且需要更长时间才能出结果。
As a fallback, most airports offer coronavirus testing, but expect to pay a hefty price and lines could be long, so make sure to go early.
作为后备选项，大多数机场都提供新冠病毒检测，但预计价格昂贵，而且有很多人排队，所以一定要早点去。
What about a self-test, is that accepted?
自我检测的结果是否会被接受？
Yes, as long as the test meets several requirements. It must be an antigen or nucleic acid amplification test that has been approved for emergency use by the Food and Drug Administration.
可以，只要检测满足几项要求即可。检测必须是经食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准紧急使用的抗原检测或核酸检测。
Make sure you have a good internet connection when you take the test because you will have to connect to a telehealth service that verifies your identity and provides supervision during testing.
做检测时请确保你的互联网连接顺畅，因为你必须连接到远程医疗服务，以验证你的身份并在检测时提供指导。
The F.D.A. has authorized eight home-tests, but not all of them provide digital supervision and prompt results.
FDA已授权八款家用检测，但并非所有检测都提供网络指导和即时结果。
The Abbott’s BinaxNOW Covid-19 AG Card Home Test usually produces results within 15 minutes and comes with a digital app called NAVICA, which can be helpful for travel as it facilitates easier access to results. Once you receive a negative test result, the app will generate a QR code that is renewed each time you take a new test.
雅培的BinaxNOW COVID-19 Ag卡式检测试剂通常会在15分钟内出结果，并附带一个名为NAVICA的数字应用程序，该应用程序有助于更轻松地获取结果，对旅行有帮助。一旦你收到阴性检测结果，该应用程序将生成一个二维码，每次你进行新检测时该二维码都会更新。
How much does a rapid-self test cost?
快速自检的费用是多少？
A six-pack of the BinaxNow tests costs $150 and can be purchased online at eMed. Packs of two home tests are also available at select pharmacies for around $25.
六包BinaxNow检测售价150美元，可在eMed网站购买。部分药房也可购买两片装的居家检测，价格约为25美元。
The Ellume home test, another popular option for international travel, costs between $30 and $40. The home-tests are in high demand, so make sure to order them well in advance of your trip.
Ellume家用检测是国际旅行的另一种流行选择，费用在30美元到40美元之间。由于家庭检测的需求量很大，因此请务必在出发之前提前订购。
Will I need a digital vaccine certificate to travel?
需持数字疫苗证书才能旅行吗？
While most countries accept the white paper C.D.C. vaccination card, some places, like the Cayman Islands, require digital certificates and impose quarantine restrictions on people who are unable to provide them.
虽然大多数国家接受美国疾控中心的白纸疫苗接种卡，但例如开曼群岛等地方要求数字证书，并对无法提供者实行检疫限制。
There are several digital health passes in the United states that are convenient for travel, but make sure you check country-specific requirements before your departure. The Smart Health Card is a verifiable digital proof of vaccination that generates a QR code, which only shows the individual’s name, date of birth and vaccination status. It can be obtained in states using the Smart health system or through the retail pharmacy program.
美国有多种数字健康通行证可供旅行使用，但请务必在出发前查看所去国家的要求。SMART健康卡是一种可验证的数字疫苗接种证明，可生成二维码，仅显示个人姓名、出生日期和疫苗接种情况。它可以在使用SMART健康系统的州获得，或通过零售药房计划获得。
Healthpass by Clear is another option that generates a QR code and vaccination details, including the type and number of shots received. Clear has partnered with the Hawaii Safe Travel program, and provides verification of a passenger Covid-19 test results or proof of vacation to satisfy the state’s quarantine exemption requirements. The app allows visitors to skip the verification line upon arrival in the state.
CLEAR的Healthpass是另一个选择，它可以生成二维码和疫苗接种详细信息，包括疫苗类型和剂次。CLEAR已与夏威夷安全旅行计划合作，可以验证旅客的新冠检测结果或假期证明，以满足该州的隔离豁免要求。该应用程序允许访问者在到达该州时跳过验证队伍。
Several states, like New York and California, have their own digital apps, which pull data from the state’s immunization registry and can be used for travel.
纽约州和加利福尼亚州等几个州都有自己的数字应用程序，这些应用程序从这些州的疫苗接种登记处提取数据，可作为旅行所需的证明。
While most countries will accept the digital passes for entry, some require visitors to apply for local digital passes to secure access to restaurants, bars, and cultural activities. Switzerland was one of the first countries to adopt this measure last month, requiring all tourists from outside the European Union and Schengen Area to register for a Swiss health pass before arrival.
虽然大多数国家在入境时会接受数字通行证，但有些国家要求游客申请当地数字通行证，以确保能够进入餐厅、酒吧和参与文化活动。瑞士是上个月率先采取这一措施的国家之一，它要求所有来自欧盟和申根区以外的游客在抵达前注册瑞士健康通行证。
Masks continue to be required for domestic air travel.
国内航空旅行仍然需要戴口罩。
Do my children need to be vaccinated to travel internationally?
我的孩子需要接种疫苗才能出国旅行吗？
Every country has its own entry requirements, so first check the policy for your destination. Unvaccinated children under the age of 18 are permitted to enter the U.S. if they are over the age of 2, are traveling with a vaccinated adult and have taken a coronavirus test with negative results three days before departure. If a child is traveling alone or with an unvaccinated adult, they will have to test within 24 hours of travel.
每个国家都有自己的入境要求，因此请先查看目的地的政策。未接种疫苗的18岁以下儿童如果年满2岁，与已接种疫苗的成年人一起旅行，并且在出发前三天进行了新冠病毒检测且结果为阴性，则可以进入美国。如果儿童单独旅行或与未接种疫苗的成人一起旅行，他们必须在旅行24小时内进行检测。
Are the rules different at land border crossings?
陆路过境点的规则是否不同？
As of Nov. 8, the U.S. land borders with Canada and Mexico will reopen for fully vaccinated foreign nationals. While visitors will need to show proof of vaccination, there is no testing requirement for land-border crossings. Children under the age of 18 are allowed entry if accompanied by a vaccinated adult.
自11月8日起，美国与加拿大和墨西哥的陆地边界将对已接种疫苗的外国人重新开放。虽然游客需要出示疫苗接种证明，但陆路过境没有检测要求。未满18岁的儿童在已接种疫苗的成人陪同下可以入境。
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