1. die/ dead/ death
Ⅰ.die 是不及物动词，一般指因生病，负伤等原因而死。且是非延续性动词（瞬间动词），不能和表示一段时间的状语（for 段时间短语；或since……）连用。如：
① He was born in 1847 and died in 1913. 他生于1847年，死于1913年。
② His grandfather has been dead for two years. = His grandfather died two years ago. 他爷爷去世两年了。
③ He died ten years ago.他是10年前死的。（不可说：He has died for ten years. 或应说：It is 10 years since he died）
Ⅱ.dead 是形容词，表状态，可在句中作表语和定语。但不可作谓语。如：
① He is dead, but his name sill live for ever in our hearts.他虽然死了但他的名字将永远活在我们心中。
② It doesn’t look like a dead fox.看来不像一只死狐狸。
Ⅲ.death是抽象名词，只能在句中作主语或宾语。如：
① The murderer was sentenced to death. 杀人犯被宣判死刑。
② I heard of his death when I got to his house.我一到他家就得知他已经去世了。
[注]：①die /dye 此两词本来意义是完全不同的（die “死” dye “染，染上”）,只时二者的现在分词形式常易混淆。die—→dying dye—→dyeing
② die for / die from / die of/die away/die down/ die off/ die out
1. die for 表“为某一目的、事业等而死”；“渴望、极想”。
1).To die for the people is a glorious death..为人民而死，虽死犹荣。
2).I’m dying for a cup of coffee. 我很想喝杯咖啡。
2. die from. 表“死于（创伤、劳累、忧愁等）”。(除疾病或情感以外的原因)。如：
1).He died from a wound. 他死于创伤。
2).She died from overwork. 她过度操劳而死。
3. die of 表“死于（疾病、情感、饥饿、年老等）”。
1).The old man died of cancer.那老人患癌症死的。
2).His father died of starvation in Germany.他的父亲饿死在德国。
3). The old woman died of grief soon after her husband’s deth. 那位老太太在失去丈夫后不久就因悲伤而死。
4. die away “消失；停息”如：
1).The sound of the car died away in the distance.汽车的响声在远处消失了。
2).The wind has died away. 风已经停息。
5. die down 指灯火等慢慢地“熄灭”；指骚动等渐渐地“平息下来”如：
1).They waited till the storm died down. 他们一直等到风暴停息。
2).The fire died down. 火慢慢地熄灭了。
3).The fighting has died down. 战斗渐渐停止。
6. die off 指一个个相继“死掉”如：
1).They had to watch their young children died off through lack of food. 他们不得不眼睁睁地看着孩子们因为没有东西吃而一个个地死掉。
7. die out. “死光；绝种”如：
1).These animals have already died out. 这类动物已经绝种。
2. difficult/ hard
Ⅰ. difficult “困难”多指智力上的困难。一般可与hard代换。但比它程度要大。如：
① The question is difficult to answer.
Ⅱ. hard “困难”多指体力上的困难。如：
①Some of the apples are hard to reach.
3. litter / rubbish
litter 和 rubbish 都可指“垃圾”，用作不可数名词。Litter 常指“（室内或公共场所）乱扔的废物（纸屑、不要的包装纸、废瓶等）”还可回收；
rubbish 则指“没用的东西（被扔或将要丢弃的无用的东西）”不可回收。如：
① Throw the rubbish out. 把垃圾扔出去。
② The room is full of rubbish. 房间里堆满了垃圾。
③ Pick up your litter after a picnic. 野餐后将废弃物收拾好。
4. discover/ invent/ find / find out
Ⅰ. discover “发现”发现的事物是本来存在的或是有人知道的。如：
① Columbus discovered America. 哥伦布发现了美洲。
② He discovered a box hidden under the floor. 他发现了一只藏在地板下箱子。
Ⅱ. invent “发明”， 发明的东西是从前没有的。如：
① Who invented the steam engine?谁发明了蒸汽机？
② He has invented a new way of making silk. 他发明了一种造丝的新方法。
Ⅲ. find “找到”指寻找的结果。是非延续性动词。如：
I am looking for my bike, but I may not find it. 我正在找我的自行车，可是不一定能找到。
Ⅳ. find out “找出、查明”指经过观察、调查把某事、某物查出来，搞清楚，弄明白。如：
When he was a child, he liked to find out how things worked. 他孩提时代时，就爱弄明白各种事物的来龙去脉。
5. dollar/ pound
Ⅰ. dollar “美元”其货币符号为：＄ 如：
①$12.5 = 12.5 dollars 12美元5美分。
Ⅱ. pound “英磅”，英国货币单位。符号为：￡。如：
②￡12.5 = 12.5pounds. 12英磅5便士。
[注]人民币为yuan, 符号为：￥。
6. door/ gate
Ⅰ. door“门”指进出房屋的门或屋内的门，也指车辆或橱柜等的门。如：
① The door opened and a man came out. 门开了，一个人走了出来。
② There are sliding doors between rooms. 房间之间有滑门。
Ⅱ. gate “门、大门”，指出入某一场所的门，如城门以及围墙、围栏、篱笆等的门。如：
① We’ll gather at the school gate at 6:30. 我们六点半在校门口集合。
② Who is the man at the garden gate? 谁在花园门口？
7. drag/ draw/ pull
Ⅰ. drag“拖、拉” 指慢慢地拖着笨重的东西，意味着所拖的东西阻力很大。如：
① The horse was dragging a heavy load. 马拖着很重的东西。
② The escaped prisoner was dragged out of hiding place. 那逃犯被人从隐藏的地方拖了出来。
Ⅱ. draw “拖、拉”与pull相比，它通常指较平稳地，也往往是比较从容地拉。如：
① Draw your chair up to the table. 把你的椅子拉到桌子旁边来。
② He drew the book towards him. 他把书拉/拖到他面前。
Ⅲ. pull “拖、拉”是普通用语，指用力拉，与push 相对。如：
①Pull the door open. Don’t push it. 把门拉开，别推。
8. put down/ put up/ put on/ put away /
put off /put one’s heart into…
Ⅰ. 如：
① Don’t put down your hands. Put them up. 不要放下手，举起来。
② A new notice has been put up. 已经贴出来一张新的通告。
① He took down the old picture and put up the new one. 他把旧画拿了下来，挂上了一幅新画。
② A big building has been put up (= set up / build)in our school. 我们学校又盖起了一座大楼。
③ He put on his coat and hat and went out. 他穿上大衣，戴上帽子出去了。
④ Has the play been put on at this theater?这个剧院上演过那部戏剧吗？
⑤ Let’s put our Christmas gifts away and keep them a while. 我们还时把圣诞礼物暂时保存起来吧。
⑥ Put away your coats in summer. 夏天时把大衣收起来。
⑦ The meeting has been put off because of the rain. 大会因大雨而延期举行。
⑧ You can do anything well if you put your heart into it. 如果你全心身地投入，你什么事都能做好。
⑨ He put his heart into his work and didn’t notice me.
9. dress/ put on/ wear/ in/ try on
Ⅰ. dress “穿”指穿的动作，也指其状态。如：
① His mother dressed him in new clothes. 他的母亲给他穿上了新衣服。
② Get up and dress quickly. 快起床穿衣。
③ She dresses neatly. 他穿着整齐。
[注]：作vt，直接对象是人，而不是穿的衣服；作vi时，不能表穿什么衣服。
Ⅱ. put on “穿；戴”强调其动作。如：
① Put on your coat. 穿上大衣。
② He put on his hat and went out. 他戴上帽子出去了。
Ⅲ. wear “穿；戴” 强调其状态。如：
① He wears a coat. 他穿着大衣。
② The teacher wears glasses.老师戴着眼镜。
Ⅳ. in “穿；戴” 是介词。它构成的短语作定语或表语表其状态。其后还可接表颜色的词。如：
① She is in a coat . 她穿着大衣。
② The boy in blue is my brother. 那个穿蓝色衣服的男孩是我的弟弟。
Ⅴ. try on “试穿/ 戴”如：
Please go to the tailor’s to have a suit tried on. 请到裁缝店去试穿一套衣服。
10. drill/ exercise/ practice
Ⅰ. drill “练习” 指有组织，有指导地反复进行的练习。尤指在课堂上或军队里进行的教练。如：
Question-and –answer drills are important when yu are learning a foreign language.
Ⅱ. exercise 指为发展智力或锻炼身体而进行的练习。如：
① He is doing an exercise in English grammar.
② We do morning exercises every day.
Ⅲ. practice 是不可数名词，指为了达到熟练或完善的程度 而反复进行的练习。尤指在艺术、手艺或技巧方面。如：
Piano playing needs a lot of practice.弹钢琴需要多练。
（资料来源于网络，仅用于教学教研分享之用，尊重原创和所有权）
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