英语口语·吉米老师说
这些“热词”的变化体现出时代的变迁，吉米老师和你一起感受改革开放后的共同记忆。
英语·地道表达
来源：人民网微博及中国日报双语点津，版权归原作者所有，仅供参考学习
改革开放 reform and opening-up
南方谈话 south tour speeches
一国两制 one country, two systems
依法治国 rule of law
依法治国（rule of law）社会主义市场经济（socialist market economy）社会文明进步（social civilization progress）国家长治久安（enduring peace and stability of the country）
中国梦 Chinese dream
中华民族伟大复兴（the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation）国家富强（prosperity of the country）民族振兴（rejuvenation of the nation）人民幸福（happiness of the people）
“一带一路”倡议 Belt and Road Initiative
利益共同体、命运共同体和责任共同体（community with shared interests, a shared future and responsibility）
人类命运共同体 a community with a shared future for mankind
人类命运共同体（a community with a shared future for mankind）冷战思维（Cold War mentality）强权政治（power politics）零和游戏（zero-sum game）以邻为壑（beggar-thy-neighbor policies）
精准扶贫 targeted poverty alleviation
精准扶贫（targeted poverty alleviation）消除绝对贫困（eliminating absolute poverty）
反腐 anti-corruption
不管涉及到谁，都要一查到底，决不姑息（no leniency will be granted to those found guilty, no matter who is involved）巡视（discipline inspection）全覆盖（full-scale inspection）猎狐行动（Fox Hunt）和“天网”行动（Sky Net）
经济篇
经济特区 special economic zone
改革开放(reform and opening-up)国家级高新区(national high-tech zone)
下海 venture into business, jump into the business world
市场竞争(market competition)政府机关(government organs)
国有企业（State-owned enterprises）个体户(self-employed entrepreneur)外资企业(foreign enterprise)停薪留职(retain the job but suspend the salary)
“三农”问题 issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area
西部大开发 Western Development
调整结构（adjust structure）
搞好基础设施（focus on infrastructure）生态环境（environment）科技教育（technology and education）
入世 joining the WTO
世界贸易组织(World Trade Organization, WTO)，服务贸易(trade in services)市场准入(market access)外商投资(foreign investment)
家用电器篇
电视机 television（TV）set
电视机生产大国（a leading producer of television sets）国产品牌（domestic brands）高清电视（high-definition television）液晶电视(liquid crystal display televison, LCDTV )平板电视(flat-panel television, FPTV)
电风扇 electric fan
电器（electric appliances）吊扇（ceiling fan）台扇（desk fan）落地扇（floor fan）壁扇（wall fan）静音电风扇（quiet fan）节能风扇（energy-efficient fan）遥控风扇（remote-control fan）
洗衣机 washing machine
半自动洗衣机（semi-automatic washing machine）全自动洗衣机（automatic washing machine）洗衣桶（washer）脱水桶（dehydrator）洗衣、甩干（spin-dry）排水（drain off water）波轮洗衣机（ripple washing machine）滚筒洗衣机（cylinder washing machine）
收录机 radio cassette recorder
磁带（tape）来单卡收录机(single cassette recorder)双卡收录机(double cassette recorder)立体声收录机（stereo cassette recorder）随身听（walkman）CD机（CD player）
电冰箱 refrigerator（fridge）
日本原装进口冰箱（refrigerators imported from Japan）不断更新换代（keep upgrading）单开门冰箱（single-door refrigerator）双开门冰箱（two-door refrigerator）对开门冰箱（side by side refrigerator）三开门冰箱（three-door refrigerator）保鲜技术（preservation technology）
空调 air conditioner
壁挂式空调（wall-mounted air conditioner）柜式空调（cabinet air conditioner）中央空调（central air-conditioning system）变频空调（variable frequency air conditioner）自清洁空调（self-cleaning air conditioner）
电饭锅 electric cooker
小家电产品（small household electric appliances）电压力锅（electric pressure cooker）定时功能（timing function）
个人电脑 personal computer（PC）
台式电脑（desktop computer）笔记本电脑（laptop）显示屏（display screen）音响系统（audio system）
空气净化器 air purifier
健康意识（health consciousness）电子牙刷（electric toothbrush）按摩椅（massage armchair）豆浆机（soybean milk maker）空气加湿器（air humidifier）净水器（water purifier）
教育篇
高考 national college entrance exam
选拔性考试(selective exams)自主命题(independent proposition)学业水平(academic achievements)公平公正(fair and impartial)
211工程 Project 211
“211工程”即面向21世纪、重点建设100所左右的高等学校和一批重点学科的建设工程(the project of building 100 or so key higher educational institutions and a number of key disciplines for the 21st century)
985工程 Project 985
《面向21世纪教育振兴行动计划(Action Plan for Education Rejuvenation for the 21st Century)》
扩招 enrollment expansion
大学入学率(enrollment rate)精英教育(elite education)大众化教育(mass education)
保研 postgraduate recommendation
全国研究生入学考试(national postgraduate entrance examination)提交申请材料(submit application materials)全面发展(all-round development)
自主招生 independent recruitment
有门槛高(high threshold)通过率低(low pass rate)高考降分录取(be enrolled at a score lower than a normal enrollment line)
留学 overseas study
经济全球化(economic globalization)世界最大留学生生源国(the largest origin of international students)自费留学(self-funded overseas study)低龄化的趋势(present a low age tendency)海归(overseas returnee)
高考移民 national college entrance exam migrant
获取加分(get bonus points)教育公平(undermine the fairness of education)教育资源的分配不均(the uneven distribution of educational resources)
游学 overseas study tour
中产阶层的壮大(a growing middle class)海外游学(participate in overseas study tours)能丰富孩子的教育和生活经历(enrich their children's educational and life experiences)
“全球视角”(foster "global perspectives")提高语言能力(improve their language skills)
双一流 “Double First-Class” initiative
一流大学建设高校共计42所(42 universities and colleges will be developed into first-class educational institutions)
一流学科建设高校共计95所(95 universities will focus on building their preponderant disciplines into first-rate ones)
社会文化篇
婚纱照 wedding photo
证件照（identification photo）黑白结婚照（black and white wedding photo）物质生活（material life）时尚观念（ideas of fashion）影楼（photography studio）婚纱（wedding dress）外景地（shooting location）
下岗再就业 re-employment after being laid off
外需（overseas demand）内需（domestic demand）经济萧条期（economic recession）产业链条的停滞（stagnation of the industrial chain）下岗（laid off）失业（out of work）失业人员（unemployed people）劳动关系（sever labor relation）保证最低生活需要的条件下（guaranteed minimum living conditions）职业培训（vocational training）再就业（re-employment）
农民工 migrant workers
非农业工作（non-agricultural work）工业化（industrialization）城镇化（urbanization）一支新型劳动大军（a new type of work force）产业工人（industrial workers）现代化建设（modernization construction）新生代农民工（new generation of migrant workers）经济收入（income）文化程度（educational level）归属感（sense of belonging）
双休日 two-day weekend
家务活（house chores）电视台（TV stations）黄金时间（prime time）综合性娱乐节目（comprehensive entertaining programs）假日经济（holiday economy）
房奴 mortgage slave
福利分房（welfare-oriented public housing distribution system）住宅商品化（commercialization of housing）商品房（commodity housing）多年辛苦得来的积蓄（hard-earned savings）巨额房贷（housing mortgage loan）占可支配收入（disposable income）偿还贷款本息（repaying the loan principals and interests）房租（house rent）
黄金周 Golden Week
劳动节（Labor Day）国庆节（National Day）假日旅游热潮（holiday travel rush）集中出行（mass travel）交通拥堵（traffic jams）景区爆棚（crowded scenic spots）自由行（independent travel）亲子游（family trip）定制游（custom-made travel）出境游（outbound travel）乡村游（country tour）更加规范有序（more standardized and orderly）文明程度（level of civilization）
选秀 talent show
选美（beauty pageant）泳装（swimsuits）《超级女声》（Super Girls）全民偶像（super idol）视频网站（video sites）网络自制综艺（homemade online variety shows）真人秀（reality shows）亲子秀（family shows）
跳槽 job-hopping
“统包统配”（centralized labor allocation system）“铁饭碗”（iron rice bowl / secure job）企业用工制度（enterprise employment system）经济特区（special economic zones）沿海开放城市（coastal cities）发展空间（development space）升职加薪（promotion and salary increase）实现自我价值（achieve self-worth）
网红 online celebrity
被大量网民关注（followed by a large number of netizens）走红（going viral）文化圈（cultural circle）娱乐生活（recreational life）集体记忆（collective memory）网络平台（online platforms）文化多元时代（multicultural era）炒作（hype）策划团队（planning team）购买力（purchasing power）。
红包 red packet
老式家庭（old-school families）过年（Spring Festival）婚嫁（wedding）大行其道（become popular）无纸化（paper-free）电子货币化（popularization of electronic currency）微信红包（WeChat red packets）长辈对晚辈的馈赠（the gift of the elder to the younger）
有钱人的称呼
万元户 ten-thousand-yuan household
大款 tycoon, fat cat
傍大款(gold digging)衣食靠山(find someone who can be a "breadwinner")
暴发户 upstart, new money
暴发户(people who get rich as fast as volcanic eruptions)暴发户的文化程度一般不高，但有一定的商业头脑，且敢于冒险(they are mainly half-educated but have a business mind and are adventurous)炫耀式消费(showing-off consumption)
百万富翁 millionaire
千位符(use a comma to separate thousands in numbers)
土豪 nouveau riche (new rich), rich guy
煤老板 coal boss
富二代 rich second generation, silver-spoon kid
高净值人士 high-net-worth individual (HNWI)
高净值人士指可投资资产(investable assets)受过良好教育(well-educated)有机食品(organic food)企业家(entrepreneurs)职业金领(gold collars)
创二代 second generation entrepreneur
创二代一般指出生于上世纪八十年代的新一代创业群体(a new generation of entrepreneurs born in the 1980s)，
曾经流行的服饰
喇叭裤 flared trousers, bell-bottomed pants
全国流行(a fashion trend nationwide)中国时尚界最初的冒险(the initial adventure in Chinese fashion industry)喇叭牛仔裤(flared jeans)铅笔裤(pencil pants)阔腿裤(loose pants)
蝙蝠衫 batwing-sleeved blouse/batwing blouse
必备行头(must-have wardrobe essentials)蝙蝠衫式的毛衣(batwing type sweater)当时摩登女青年的最爱(the favorite of modern young women at that time)。
蛤蟆镜 aviator sunglasses
蛤蟆镜是太阳镜的一种(a type of sunglasses)反光大镜片（large reflective lenses）引领了时代新潮流(lead new trend of times)
红裙子 red dress
健美裤 fitness tights
打底裤(leggings)“踩脚裤(anchored pants)”苗条修长的身材（slim figure）
露脐装 midriff-baring tops
腹部以及腰部曲线(flat abs and waist curve)观念更为开放(more open-minded)崇尚个性、追求自由的心理（pursuit of individuality and freedom）。
吊带裙 slip dress
深受年轻女孩喜爱的服装（fashionable and much-loved style of dress）碎花吊带裙（floral slip dress）搭配外套或坎肩(jacket or waistcoat)回头率绝对爆表(definitely a head-turner)
坡跟鞋 wedge heels
坡跟鞋(wedge heels)高跟鞋(high heels)平底鞋(flats)松糕鞋（platform shoes）
旗袍 cheongsam
中国传统服饰(traditional Chinese clothing)《花样年华》(In the Mood for Love)不仅展示出中国女性特有的优雅与柔美(reveal not only the distinctive elegance and tenderness of Chinese women)身姿的曼妙(graceful posture)
新中装 new Chinese-style outfits
立领（stand up collar）连肩袖（raglan sleeve）对开襟（Chinese-style jacket with buttons down the front）海水江崖纹图案（sea and mountain pattern）软实力（soft power）
出行篇
私家车 private car
中国第一位私家车主(China's first private car owner)车牌(car plate)轿车(sedan)私家车保有量(private car ownership)
绿皮车 green train
“绿皮车”是对老式火车的一种俗称(a traditional nickname for old-style trains)农民工外出(rural labor migration)春运(Spring Festival travel rush)运力不足(low transport capacity)超员严重(overcrowding)
长途汽车 long-distance bus
偏远地区（remote areas）
摩托大军 motorcycle ride
安全隐患(potential safety problems)免费机械维修(free mechanical repair)
高铁 high-speed train
最高时速(maximum speed)京津城际(Beijing-Tianjin intercity train)高速铁路2.5万公里(China had 25,000 km of high-speed railway lines)
占世界高铁里程(high-speed railway mileage)
共享单车 bicycle sharing
单车共享服务（bicycle sharing service）分时租赁(short-time rental)重回两轮时代(back on two wheels)互联网 共享经济(internet sharing economy)
网约车 online car-hailing/ride-hailing
叫车软件(car-hailing apps)出租车叫车服务(taxi-hailing service)专车(tailored taxi service)顺风车(ride sharing)快车(fast ride)
电动平衡车 electric self-balancing scooter
滑来滑去(glide along the street)。
BMW混搭出行 Bus Metro Walk (BMW)
绿色出行(green commuting)
无人驾驶汽车 autonomous/ self-driving vehicle
休闲娱乐篇
玩游戏 playing games
跳皮筋(rubber band skipping)踢毽子(shuttlecock kicking)跳房子(hopscotching)滚铁环(iron ring pushing)电子游戏(video games)电脑游戏(computer games)手机游戏(mobile games)体感游戏(motion sensing games)桌游(board role-playing games)
打台球 playing billiards
台球厅(billiards rooms)小镇青年们(small-town youngsters)旱冰场(roller rink)
唱K Karaoke singing
卡拉OK (Karaoke)五星级酒店(five-star hotels)娱乐活动(recreational activities)
蹦迪 disco dancing
迪斯科(disco)意为"公共舞厅(a public dance hall)"夜店(night club)中国摇滚乐(rock-and-roll)
交谊舞(ballroom dancing)
看电视 watching TV
春晚(Spring Festival gala)“四大名著(four great classics of Chinese literature)”追星族（celebrity fans）
古装武侠剧（martial arts drama）青春偶像剧（trendy drama）家庭剧（family drama）战争剧（war drama）反腐剧（anti-corruption drama）
上网 surfing the internet
低头族(phubbers)
不受时间、环境等客观条件的限制(no limitation of objective conditions, such as time and environment)
广场舞 square dancing
集体舞(group dancing)全民健身的热潮(a nationwide fitness craze)
网上自学(self-taught from the internet)
健身 workout, going to the gym
快节奏的都市生活(fast-paced city life)纤细腰部和诱人马甲线 (flat and firm abs, abdominal muscles)打保龄球(playing bowling)徒步（hiking）跑马拉松(running marathons)
旅游 traveling
跟团游(package tour)自由行(independent travel)国内游(domestic trip)出境游（outbound tour）深度游(in-depth travel)“血拼(shopping)”出境游学(overseas study tours)
发型的变化
爆炸头 Afro
越蓬越好(the bigger the hair the better)烫发(perming)波浪卷(waves)
飞机头 quiff
喇叭裤(bell bottoms)
大背头 pompadour /slicked-back hair
复古发型(vintage hairstyle)
郭富城头 the Aaron Kwok haircut
五五开的蘑菇头(center parted mushroom cut/bowl cut)纷纷效仿(follow suit)黑长直发(long straight black hair)波浪卷发(loose waves)boy短发(short boyish haircut)
中长发 medium length hair
马尾 ponytail
发绳(hair tie)丝带(ribbon)高马尾(high ponytail)低马尾(low ponytail)歪马尾(side ponytail)半马尾(half ponytail，即把头发分成上下两层，下层散开、上层弄成马尾造型)，宅男钟爱的萌系双马尾(bunches/twin-tail)，还可以高梳后编个麻花辫(plaits/braids)。
莫西干头/鸡冠头 Mohawk hairstyle
齐刘海 neat bang
杀马特发型 shamate hairstyle
90后(born in the 1990s)造型夸张（exaggerated hairstyle）扫把头(high-top fade)刺猬头(spiked hair)
丸子头 bun
长波波头 long bob
时代强音
解放思想，实事求是 Emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts
从我做起，从现在做起 It starts with me, it starts now
座右铭(a motto for a generation)
团结起来，振兴中华！Unite to revitalize China!
时间就是金钱，效率就是生命 Time is money, efficiency is life
冲出亚洲 走向世界 Out of Asia, into the world
贫穷不是社会主义 Poverty is not socialism
发展才是硬道理 Development is the absolute principle
要想富，先修路！If you want wealth, build roads first!
路通才能财通(wide roads will allow wealth to roll in)
同一个世界，同一个梦想 One World One Dream
撸起袖子加油干 Roll up our sleeves to work harder
新兴职业篇
淘宝店主 Taobao vendor/seller/shop owner
快递员 deliveryman
快递员指的是使用快递专用工具、设备和应用软件系统，从事快件揽收（collecting）、分拣(sorting)、封发（dispatching）、转运（transporting）、投送(delivery)、信息录入、查询、市场开发、疑难快件处理等工作的人员。
代购 daigou, purchasing agent
外卖送餐员 takeout deliveryman
2017年，我国外卖市场(takeout market)
食品卫生(food hygiene)
闯红灯(running red lights)逆行(traveling along the wrong side of the road)
网约车司机 online ride-hailing driver
网红 online celebrity
自媒体作者 We-Media writer
新媒体运营专员 new media specialist
网络主播 livestreaming host
电竞选手 e-sports player
婚恋模式的变化
相亲（盲约） blind date
电视相亲 TV dating
传统相亲模式(turn traditional matchmaking on its head)一夜成名(become famous overnight)
快速约会 speed dating
在线约会 online dating
征婚派对 matchmaking party
“富翁vs美女”相亲派对(matchmaking parties aimed at pairing up rich men with beautiful women)"
智慧相亲 intelligent dating
异地恋 long-distance relationship
异国恋（cross-country relationship）
奉子成婚 shotgun marriag
裸婚 naked marriage
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