The Su bjunctive Mood(虚拟语气)(1)．英语的动词一般可用三种不同的语气：陈述语气(The Indicative Mood)．祈使句语气(The Impera— tive Mood)和虚拟语气(The Su bjunctive Mood)。
1．陈述语气(The Indicative Mood)主要用来陈述一个事实或提出一种看法，它可分为肯定句、否定句、疑问句和感叹句四种形式。
2．祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)可以用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。
3．虚拟语气(The Su bjunctive Mood)表示说话人所说的内容不是事实．而是一种假设：愿望、怀疑或推测。
虚拟语气主要用于条件从句、状语从句和名词性从句中。
(1)表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。
if引导的条件句谓语动词用过去时，动词be的过去式多用were代替was；主句谓语动词用
should／would／could/might 动词原形。 eg：
I would ee,tainly go ifl had time．(I have no time)要是我有时间我一定去。
If he were here．everything would be aIl fight．(he is not here)如果他在这里,一切就没问题了。
1f he were／was here．we could ask him．如果他在这里，我们就可以问他了。
If you didn't hurry．you mighl be late again．如果你不抓紧，可能又要迟到了。
If he were here with us．we should,／would feel much better．
如果他和我们在一起，我们的感觉会好得多。
If I were you，1 would give an AIDS patient a hug． 如果我是你，我会给艾滋病患者一个拥抱。
(2)虚拟语气在条件句中表示与过去事实相反．谓语动词的主要形式如下：
条件从句用had 过去分词．主句用would(should．could，might) have 过去分词。 eg： If the hurricane had happened during the day time，there would have been many more deaths．
如果飓风发生在白天，死亡的人数还会更多。
lf you had come a few minutes earlier．you would(could，might)have met the famous singer．、 如果你早来几分钟的话，你就会(可能会)见到那个著名歌唱家。
If l had known you were free at that time．1 would have asked you to go with me．如果我知道那时候你有空．我就叫你和我一起去了。 ’
(3)虚拟语气在条件句中表示与将来事实相反或与将来事实可能相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：
条件从句动词过去式，或should 动词原形．或we,re to 动词原形，主句would(sHould，could，might) 动词原形。 eg：If it were to snow tomorrow，they would not go out．如果明． 天下雪，他们就不出去了。
lf he were to do this experi‘ment。he might do it in some other way．
要是他做这项实验，他可能用另外某种方法做。
H I should see her．what would I say to her?如果我见到她，对她说什么呢?
考题1 for the doctor's careful treatment, he till last year.
A. If it is not: can't live B. W.,ere in not; couldn't live
C. Had it not been; couldn't have lived
D. If they were not: couldn'tlive
考题2 -I'm sorry I spent so much money. Dad.
I wish you so.
A. hadn't done B. didn't do C. haven't" done D. wouldn't do
考题3 I advised that heto the hospital at once, but he insisted that he quite well then.
A. be sent: was feeling B. was sent: felt C. be sent; feel D. should be sent: should feel
考题4 Shall he come to sere you?
--Of course, please. And I'd rather he __ me the truth.
A. inform B. told C. will say D. spoke
(4)在I wish后面的宾语从句以及as if／thougfi引导的状语从句中要用虚拟语气，相当于从句的虚拟，即：如表示与过去的事实情况相反就用过去完成时；如表示与现在(或当时)的事实情况相反就用过去时。 eg：I wish I were young．我真希望自己年轻。
I wish I could visit your school again soon．我希望不久能再次访问你们学校。
How I wish I had taken the examination yesterday!我多么希望我昨天参加考试了!
The old man treated us as if we were his own children．
这老人对待我们好像我们是他自己的孩子一般。
They are talking to each othei as if they had been friends for years．
他们正在交谈．好像多年的老朋友似的。
(5)虚拟语气用于It is time(that)…句型中 ．
这种情况下，that从句中的谓语动词通常用过去时,表示“是……时候了”，time前可用high、 修饰，表示强调。 eg：
It's time 1 went and picked up my little girl from sch001．我该去学校接我的小女儿了。
It’s time that we stopped(should stop)this practice．现在是结束这种做法的时候了。
It’s high time you took actions．你早该采取行动了。
特别提醒：虚拟语气的其他用法：
(1)在in order that或so that引导的目．的状语从句中谓语动词多用“could／might(有时也用should) 动词原形”。 eg：
They gave their lives so that we might live a happy life．
他们牺牲自己的生命是为了使我们过上幸福生活。
In order that everyone may understand it．write it in simple language．为了使人人都能懂，请用简明的文字来写。
(2)在in case，for fear(that)等引导的从句中，谓语动词用“should 动词原形”。 eg：
Take your umbrella．in case it(should)rain．带着雨伞，以防下雨。
They work hard for fear that they should fail．他们努力工作．唯恐失败。
(3)在It is a pity／a shame／no wonder／unbelievable／strange／important／necessary／natural等结构后的that引导的主语从句中．谓语常用should 动词原形(或完成形式)表示惊奇、惶惑、怀疑、不满等语气。 eg：
It is a great pity that he should be so conceited．真遗憾他竟然这么自高自大。
It's strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings．真奇怪，她竟然没看
到自己的缺点。(4)虚拟语气在动词arrange，command，demand，desire，insist(坚持要求)．order，propose．
request．require，suggest(建议)，ask，prefer等后面的宾语从句以及这些动词转化成的
名词后的同位语从句用“(should) 动词原形”。 eg：
We suggested that we(should)have a meeting．我们建议开个会。
We insisted that they(should)go with us．我们坚持他们和我们一起去。
He demanded that we(should)start right away．他要求我们立刻开始。
The doctor ordered that she(should)stay in bed for a few days．医生命令她卧床休息几天。
(5)在would rather．would better之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气。对现在或将来的推测．从句用过去时；对过去的推测，从句用“had 过去分词”eg：
I would rather you did the work at once．我宁愿你立刻工作。
I would like you had done the work before．我希望你以前做过这项工佑。
(6)虚拟语气用于If only．一是一个省略了主句的条件句．用来表达某种强烈的不可能实现的愿望。谓语动词可以有三种形式：①过去时．表示一种与现在事实相反的愿望；②过去完成． 时，表示与过去事实相反的愿望；③could,rnight 动词原形，表示与将来事实相反的愿望。
(7)虚拟语气用于“愿望、意图、打算等动词的过去完成式十不定式一般式”的句子结构表示“愿望、意图、打算”等，如hope，expect，think，intend．want．mean，plan，promise，suppose等动词的过去完成时后接一般形式的不定式，常常表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算。 eg：
We had meant to give Joan a surprise，but she knew the secret early．我们本打算给琼一个惊喜．但她提前知道了这个秘密。
They had wanted to help us，but couldn't get here in time．他们本想要帮助我们，但是没能及时赶到这里。
I had intended to come over to see you last night，but someone called and I Coufdn't get away．我昨晚本打算过来看你．但因有人来访而不能脱身。
We had planned to go to Beijing by train，but you didn't turn up．我们本来计划坐火车去北京，但是你没有出现。
考题1点拨；答案为c。考查对过去事情的假设，从句用had．done主句用情态动词 have done。．当if条件句省略if时，将助动词 had提到句首。句意为：“要是没有医生的精心治疗，他不可能活到去年。”
考题2点拨：答案为A。从1 wish 可以看出此处应为虚拟语气。1 wish that从句用had done，句意为：“我希望你没有花那么多钱。”
考题3点拨：答案为A。advise that从句用(should) 动词原形，而insist当“建议”时后接(should) 动词原形，当“坚持认为”时用陈述语气。本句的insist当“坚持认为”讲，故选A。句意为：“我建议他应立即被送往医院，但他那时坚持认为他很好。”
考题4点拨：答案为B。Shall he come to see you?表示现在发生的事，而would rather that后用一般过去时表示现在发生的事。句意为：“我宁愿他告诉我实话。”tell sb．the truth“说实话”固定搭配。
