Unit4
【重点短语】
1. be more interested in 对…更感兴趣
2. on the swim team 游泳队的队员
3. be terrified of 害怕
4. gym class 体操课
5. worry about 担心
6. all the time 一直,总是
7. chat with 与…闲聊
8. hardly ever 几乎从不
9. walk to school = go to school on foot 步行去上学
take the bus to school = go to school by bus 乘车去上学
10. as well as 不仅…而且...
【考点详解】
1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 (这个知识点考的很多,大家要注意这个短语的意思,还要记着used后面用的是不定式to do)
如:He used to play football after school.
放学后他过去常常踢足球。
2. play the piano 弹钢琴(play后面如果跟西洋乐器,大家记住,中间要加the,如果是中国乐器,不加the,如:play erhu)
3. ①be interested in sth. 对…感兴趣
②be interested in doing sth. 对做…感兴趣(对于这两个用法大家一定要掌握,切记切记)
如:He is interested in math, but he isn't interested in speaking English. 他对数学感兴趣,但是他对说英语不感兴趣。
4. interested adj. 感兴趣的,指人对某事物感兴趣,往往主语是人
interesting adj.有趣的,指某事物/某人具有趣味,主语往往是物(对于interested和interesting要区分清楚,一个主语往往是人,一个主语往往是物)
5. be terrified of sth. 害怕…… 如:I am terrified of the dog.
be terrified of doing sth. 害怕做…… 如:I am terrified of speaking.
6. spend 动词,表示“花费金钱、时间”(spend和pay for它们的主语都是人,这一点大家要清楚)
①spend…on sth. 在某事上花费(金钱、时间)(重要考点)
②spend…(in)doing sth. 花费(金钱、时间)去做某事 (重要考点,尤其要注意动名词,也就是动词的ing形式)
如:He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着上。
He spend 3 months (in) building the bridge. 他花费了三个月去建这座桥。
7. take : 动词 ,有“花费时间”的意思,常用的结构有:
It takes sb to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间(在这个用法中,主语经常是it,这一点要清楚,大家仔细看一下下面的例子)。
如:It takes me a day to read the book.
8. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊
如:I like to chat with him. 我喜欢和他聊天。
9. worry about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事 , worry 是动词
be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事 , worried 是形容词
如:Don't worry about him. 不用担心他。
Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。
10. all the time 一直,始终
11. take sb. to 地方 送/带某人去某个地方
如:A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。
12. hardly adv. 几乎不、没有。 hardly 修饰动词时,通常放在助动词、情态动词之后,实义动词之前,
如:I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。
I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。
13. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内,常与完成时连用 如:
I have lived in China in the last few years. 在过去的几年内我在中国住。
14. be different from 与...…不同(常见考点,考的最多的是它的意思,大家只需要记住它的意思,做题的时候具体问题再具体分析即可)
15. 不定式与疑问词连用:动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用,构成不定式短语。
如:The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。
I don't know where to go. 我不知道去哪。
16. make sb./sth. 形容词 make you happy
make sb./sth. 动词原形 make him laugh
17. move to 地方 搬到某地 如:I moved to Beijing last year.
18. it seems that 从句 看起来好像…… (重要考点)
如:It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。
19. help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人(注意介词with,在某方面帮助要用这个介词)
help sb(to)do sth. 帮某人做某事(to经常省略)
She helped me with English. 她帮助我学英语。
She helped me(to)study English. 她帮助我学习英语。
20. fifteen-year-old 作形容词 ,15岁的(有一点要提醒大家,中间的year用的是单数)如:a fifteen-year-old boy 一个15岁的男孩
fifteen years old 指年龄,15岁。
21. can't afford to do sth. 支付不起……
can't afford sth. 支付不起…
如:I can't afford to buy the car.=I can't afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。
22. as 形容词/副词 as sb could/can 尽某人所能
如:Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。
23. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦
24. in the end 最后
25. make a decision :下决定,下决心
26. to one's surprise :令某人惊讶(往往出现在完型中,让我们填surprise)
如:to their surprise 令他们惊讶
to LiLei's surprise 令李雷惊讶
27. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪
如:His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪
28. pay attention to sth. 对…注意,留心
如:You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。
29. be able to do sth. 能够,有能力做某事
如:She is able to do it. 她能够做到。
30. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事(注意up后面用的是动词的ing形式)
如:My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。
31. 不再 ①no more =no longer
如:I play tennis no more.我不再打网球。
②not …any more = not …any longer 如:
I don't play tennis any longer. 我不再打网球。
【重点语法】
反意疑问句
反义疑问句遵循这样一个原则,前肯定后否定,前否定后肯定。
1. 肯定陈述句 否定提问 如:Lily is a student, isn't she?
2. 否定陈述句 肯定提问 如:She doesn't come from China, does she?
3. 提问部分用代词而不用名词 如:Lily is a student, isn't she?
4. 陈述句中含有否定意义的词 如:little, few, never, nothing, hardly等,其反意疑问句用肯定式(对于第四点大家不要忽视,尤其是列举的这几个词,出题的时候经常遇到,对于下面的两个例子大家要仔细看一下,要把这个知识点彻底搞懂)。
如:He knows little English, does he? 他一点也不懂英语,不是吗?
They hardly understood it, did they? 他们几乎不明白,不是吗?
5. 反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时,陈述部分要视为肯定含义,问句部分用否定形式。如:Your father is unhappy, isn't he?
The man is dishonest, isn't he?
It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isn't it?
Unit5
【重点短语】
1. be made of 由……制造
2. be made in 在……制造
3. environmental protection 环境保护
4. be famous for 以……而著名
5. be produced in 在……生产
6. be known for 以……闻名
7. as far as I know 据我所知
8. pick by hand 手工采摘
9. send for 发送
10. avoid doing sth 避免做某事
11. everyday things 日用品
【考点详解】
1. made of 由……制(构)成,后接构成某物质的原料。
例:This skirt is made of silk.这件裙子是用丝绸制成的。
be made of/from/up of的区别
(1)be made of 表示制成成品后,仍可看出原材料是什么,保留原材料的质和形状,制作过程仅发生物理变化。
例:The kite is made of paper.风筝是用纸做的。
(2)be made from 表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征,或原材料在制作过程中发生化学变化,在成品中已无法辨认。
例:The paper is made from wood.纸是木头做的。
Butter is made from milk. 黄油是从牛奶中提炼出来的。
(3)be made up of 用……构成或组成的,指人、物皆可,指结构成分。
例:Our class is made up of six groups. 我们班是由六个小组组成的。
2. It seems that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea.
好像全世界的许多人都在喝中国茶。
句型“It seems that…”意为“看起来好像/似乎……”,其中seem是连系动词,意为“似乎;好像”,句型中的it是形式主语,不能用其他代词来替代。
例:It seems that he was late for the train. 看来他没赶上火车。
seem的几种常见结构:
(1)seem to do sth此句型可与“It seems that…”转换。
例:They seem to find the way to the cinema. =It seems that they find the way to the cinema.
他们似乎找到了去电影院的路了。
(2)seem 形容词
例:My temperature seems (to be) all right. 我的体温看上去正常了。
(3)seem 名词
例: That seems not a bad idea. 看上去主意不错。
3. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing in factory.
当茶叶成熟时,就被用手工采摘然后送到工厂加工。
此句是由when 引导的时间状语从句,are picked, are sent都是一般现在时的被动结构。
例:When the fruit are ready, they are picked and are sent to the market for sale.
当这些水果成熟后就被摘下来并送到市场上卖掉。
4. No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries.
无论你买什么,你都可能认为那些产品是在那些国家生产的。
此句为由"no matter 特殊疑问词"引导让步状语从句。意为“无论….”,相当于whatever。
例:No matter what I said to her, she still didn’t believe me.
无论我对她说什么,她仍然不相信我。
5. find out, 查出,找到。
例:The police are trying to find out where the boy got off the train.
警察正在查找这个男孩是从哪下的火车。
find,find out和look for都含有“寻找、找到”的意思,但其含义和用法却不同。
① find意为“找到、发现”,通常指找到或发现具体的东西,强调的是找的结果。
Will you find mea pen? 你替我找支钢笔好吗?
② look for意为“寻找”,是有目的地找,强调“寻找”这一动作。
例:I’m looking for my pen everywhere. 我正到处找我的钢笔。
He is looking for his shoes. 他在找他的鞋子。
③ find out意为“找出、发现、查明”,多指通过调查、寻问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚、弄明白”,通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义,指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。
例:Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。
Read this passage,and find out the answer to this question.
【重点语法】
一般现在时的被动语态
一. 概念理解
1. 时态:在英语语言中,时态主要讨论行为动词发生的时间。
如:He often helps me with my English. 他经常帮助我学英语。(help这个动作经常发生often;故用一般现在时)
2. 语态:在英语语言中,语态主要讨论句子主语与行为动词的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
① 主语是动作的发出者(执行者)为主动语态。
如: The tall boy often hits his classmates (主语boy是谓语动词hit的发出者)。
② 主语是动作的接受者(承受者)为被动语态。汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:助动词be 及物动词的过去分词构成
如: Chinese is spoken by the most people in the world(主语Chinese是谓语动词speak的承受者)。
3. 语态与时态的关系:在任何一个英语句子中都同时存在语态和时态,他们是分析一个英语句子的两个主要元素。
如:① He is looking after his sister at home. (此句为现在进行时的主动语态结构)
② He is being looked after well by his parents. (此句为现在进行时的被动语态结构)
二. 被动语态最基本的句型结构: be 及物动词过去分词
说明:① be 有时态,人称和数的变化。
② 被动语态中的谓语动词必须是及物动词;因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者,某些短语动词如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等,也可用于被动语态。
三. 被动语态的使用
1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by 短语。
Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. (只是告诉老师杯子坏了,不知是谁弄坏的,或不想说出谁弄坏的)。
2. 突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by 短语。
如:The cup was broken by Paul.
四. 主动语态变被动语态的变法: 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换
1. 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2. 把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be 过去分词,时态要与原句保持一致。
3. 把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词,在被动语态中用in 地点名词作状语。
五. 一般现在时的被动语态:am /is/ are done
如:Tea is grown in Hangzhou. 杭州种植茶叶。
Unit6
【重点短语】
1. by accident 偶然地;意外地
2. without doubt 毫无疑问的;的确
3. by mistake 错误地
4. look up to 钦佩;仰慕
5. take place 发生;出现
6. all of a sudden 突然;猛地
7. divide…into… 把……分成......
8. the Olympics 奥林匹克运动会
9. the style of ……的样式
10. be used for 被用于……
【考点详解】
1. invent v. 发明
inventor n. 发明家
invention n. 发明
2. be used for doing 用来做…(是被动语态)(这个短语的考点有两点,一是used for的意思,二是for后面用动名词)
Pens are used for writing. 笔是用来写的。
3. 给某人某样东西 give sth. to sb.
I gave a pen to him. 我给他一支笔。
give sb. sth.
I gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔。
4. all day 整天
5. salty adj. 咸的 salt n. 盐
6. by mistake 错误地(犯错:make mistake,这些常见的短语大家务必要掌握)
I took the umbrella by mistake. 我不小心拿错了雨伞。
8. by accident 意外,偶然(常见短语,考的最多的是它的意思)
I met her by accident at bus stop. 我在公共汽车站意外地见到了她。
9. not…until… 直到…才…(重中之重,这个用法非常重要!)
I didn't go to bed until I finished my work. 我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉。
10. according to 名词,根据…
according to this article 根据这篇文章
11. over an open fire 野饮
12. leaf n. 叶子 复数形式 leaves
13. nearby adj. 附近的
14. fall into 落入,掉进
The leaf fell into the river. 叶子落入了河里。
fall down 摔倒
She fell down from her bike. 她从她自行车摔倒了。
15. quite 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时,冠词a必须放在它的后面
quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩
17. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快
pleasant adj. 愉快,高兴。指天气、时间、旅行令人高兴愉快
please v. 使高兴
18. battery-operated adj. 电池控制的,是名词 动词的运动分词构成的合成形容词
19. in the sixth century 在第6世纪
20. travel around 周游
21. more than == over 超过(相比较,more than更重要)
more than 300 == over 300 超过300
22. including 包括,可以与名词和动名词连用
Six people, including a baby, were hurt. 6个人包括一个小孩受伤了。
23. have been played 被上演 ,是现在完成时的被动语态,现在完成时的被动语态的结构:have/has been 过去分词。
4. be born 出生 (常见短语)
He was born in Canada. 他在加拿大出生。
25. safety n. 安全 safe adj. 安全的
26. knock into 撞上(某人)
27. divide sth. into…,将…划分成...,通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的部分
Let's divide ourselves into 4 groups. 让我们把我们自己划成4组。
28. since then 从那以后,常与完成时态连用
【重点语法】
一般过去时的被动语态
1. 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。
2. 被动语态基本结构:be 及物动词的过去分词
被动语态中的be 是助动词,有人称、数和时态的变化。
一般现在时的被动语态为:am/is/are 过去分词
一般过去时的被动语态为:was/were 过去分词
A lot of trees were planted here last year.
与情态动词连用的被动语态:情态动词 be 过去分词(关于被动语态,大家一定要熟悉,这个在中考的时候属于是必考内容,而且是重点内容)
关于被动语态更多内容,详见Unit5重点语法部分。
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