【长难句分析一直都是同学们的一个弱项，明明单词都认识，就是搞不明白句子在讲什么？别急哟，下面跟着枪哥一起见证奇迹的时刻，带领困惑的你轻松完成“词懂句不懂”到“词不懂句也懂”的华丽转变。】
1
Not far off the coast of Guam lies the deepest point on Earth's surface, the Mariana trench.
Not far off the coast of Guam lies the deepest point on Earth's surface, the Mariana trench. （倒装结构）
结构
全句只有1个谓语动词：lies。本句是完全倒装结构，按照正常语序应该是：The deepest point on Earth's surface, the Mariana trench, lies not far off the coast of Guam. 此处的倒装一方面可以避免出现句子“头重脚轻”的问题，另一方面可以起到强调的作用。
翻译
在距离关岛海岸的不远处存在着地球表面的最低点——马里亚纳海沟。
2
If Mount Everest were flipped upside down into it, there would still be more than 2km of clear water between the mountain's base and the top of the ocean.
If Mount Everest were flipped upside down into it, there would still be more than 2km of clear water between the mountain's base and the top of the ocean.（虚拟语气）
结构
全句有两个谓语动词：were flipped，would still be。本句运用了虚拟语气，因为根据句意，不可能真的把埃佛勒斯峰（即珠穆朗玛峰）倒置到海里面，所以只能是一个假设的说法，此处的would即表示不可能发生的情况。
翻译
如果把珠穆朗玛峰倒置在里面，山峰底部和海面之间仍存在超过2km厚的清水。
3
Since these nutrients, having once flowed into a trench, never make their way out again, Dr Jamieson found the notion that trenches have somehow remained untouched by human activities questionable.
Since these nutrients, (having once flowed into a trench), never make their way out again, Dr Jamieson found the notion that
trenches have somehow remained3untouched by human activities questionable.（插入结构）
结构
全句共有3个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为found。(having once flowed into a trench)是插入结构，分隔了Since引导的原因状语从句的主语和谓语，作nutrients的后置定语。that引导的同位语从句起到对notion补充说明的作用。本句可拆分为：
①Dr Jamieson found the notion questionable.（主句）
②Since these nutrients never make their way out again.（原因状语从句）
③Trenches have somehow remained untouched by human activities.（同位语从句）
翻译
因为这些曾经流入海沟的营养物质再也没能出去，使得杰米森博士发现，海沟未曾被人类活动破坏这一见解是站不住脚的。
4
He suspected that long-lived pollutants such as poly-chlorinated biphenyls (which were once used widely in electrical equipment) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers(employed in the past as flame retardants) might have made their way into the bodies of organisms living in trenches.
He suspected that long-lived pollutants such as poly-chlorinated biphenyls (which were once used widely in electrical equipment) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (employed in the past as flame retardants) might have made their way into the bodies of organisms living in trenches.（插入结构，分隔结构，并列结构）
结构
全句共有3个谓语动词，其中主句谓语动词为suspected。(whichwere once used widely in electrical equipment)和(employed in the past as flame retardants)是插入结构，前者为which引导的定语从句修饰poly-chlorinated biphenyls， 后者employed为过去分词作polybrominated diphenyl ethers的后置定语，注：此处的(employed in the past as flame retardants)实际上也可写成（which were employed in the past as flame retardants），但为了避免句子用法重复或过分冗杂，采用了过去分词作定语这一形式。such as poly-chlorinated biphenyls (whichwere once used widely in electrical equipment) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (employed in the past as flame retardants) 作为分隔结构将that引导的宾语从句中主语和谓语分隔开来。that引导的宾语从句中poly-chlorinated biphenyls和polybrominated diphenyl ethers为并列结构。本句可拆分为：
①He suspected …（主句）
②Long-lived pollutants such as poly-chlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers might have made their way into the bodies of organisms living in trenches.（宾语从句）
③(Poly-chlorinated biphenyls) were once used widely in electrical equipment（定语从句）
翻译
他怀疑，像多氯联苯（曾在工业中广泛应用）和多溴联苯醚（曾用作阻燃剂）这类有很长寿命的污染物会设法进入深海生物的体内。
5
This lander fell to the seabed and spent between 8 and 12 hours there, capturing amphipods (a type of crustacean, pictured) using funnel traps baited with mackerel.
This lander fell to the seabed and spent between 8 and 12 hours there, capturing amphipods (a type of crustacean, pictured) using funnel traps baited with mackerel.（分词结构，插入结构）
结构
全句中实际上只有1个谓语动词，fell和spent以并列形式同时作主句的谓语。句子主干为：This lander fell to the seabed and spent between 8 and 12 hours there。其中，capturing amphipods以现在分词形式作伴随状语，using funnel traps以现在分词形式作capturing amphipods的后置定语，baited with mackerel以过去分词形式作funnel traps的后置定语。(a type of crustacean, pictured)是插入结构，用来解释说明amphipods。
翻译
登陆车降落于海底并要在那里花费8-12个小时，用带有马鲛鱼诱饵的漏斗状夹子来捕获片脚类动物（一种甲壳纲动物，见图）。
6
Poly-chlorinated biphenyls disrupt the hormone systems of some animals that dwell nearer the surface, and can also cause cancer, so the news is unlikely to be good.
Poly-chlorinated biphenyls disrupt1the hormone systems of some animals that
dwell nearer the surface, and can also cause cancer, so the news is unlikely to be good.（并列结构）
结构
全句实际上有3个谓语动词，disrupt和can also cause属于并列结构共同作主句的谓语。dwell是that引导的定语从句中的谓语动词，定语从句修饰some animals。
翻译
多氯联苯会破坏一些居住在海面附近动物的荷尔蒙系统，还可以导致癌症，所以这并不是一个好消息。
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