JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)是一个受 JavaScript 的对象字面量语法启发的轻量级数据交换格式,本文介绍Python json库的使用,也就是json的序列化和反序列化方法。
json序列化dump写入到文件,将对象转换为json字符串格式,这样更容易存储。
import json
data = {'Numbers':1, 'Strings':"value", 'Arrays':[1,2,3], 'Dicts':{'1':1,'2':2}}
with open("data1.json", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
json.dump(data, f, sort_keys=True, indent=4)
dumps
将对象转换为string,这样更容易传输
data2 = {'Numbers':1, 'Strings':"value", 'Arrays':[1,2,3]}
data = json.dumps(data2, sort_keys=True, indent=4)
print(data)
print(type(data))
执行结果:
{
"Arrays": [
1,
2,
3
],
"Numbers": 1,
"Strings": "value"
}
<class 'str'>
也可以将类实例转化成json字符串,需要先将实例转化为可序列化操作的对象。下面介绍3种方案:
- 获取实例的__dict__成员变量
- 使用Python内置函数vars()获取__dict__
- 类继承JSONEncoder,自定义JSONEncoder.default()函数
class JsonClassSerializable(json.JSONEncoder):
"""JSON serializer for objects"""
def default(self, obj):
if isinstance(obj, Person):
return obj.__dict__
else:
return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)
class Person():
def __init__(self, name, height):
self.name = name
self.height = height
p = Person("zhangsan",175)
print(p.__dict__)
data1 = json.dumps(p.__dict__, sort_keys=True, indent=4)
print(data1)
data2 = json.dumps(vars(p), sort_keys=True, indent=4)
print(data2)
data3 = json.dumps(p, default=lambda x: x.__dict__, sort_keys=True, indent=4)
print(data3)
data4 = json.dumps(p, cls=JsonClassSerializable, sort_keys=True, indent=4)
print(data4)
执行结果:
{'name': 'zhangsan', 'height': 175}
{
"height": 175,
"name": "zhangsan"
}
{
"height": 175,
"name": "zhangsan"
}
{
"height": 175,
"name": "zhangsan"
}
{
"height": 175,
"name": "zhangsan"
}
json反序列化是将json数据或者字符串转化为Python对象,对应load和loads两个方法:
- load:针对文件句柄,用于读取文件
- loads:针对内存对象,将string转换为对象
with open("data1.json", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
data = json.load(f)
print(data)
print(type(data))
print(type(data['Arrays']))
执行结果:
{'Arrays': [1, 2, 3], 'Numbers': 1, 'Objects': {'1': 1, '2': 2}, 'Strings': 'value'}
<class 'dict'>
<class 'list'>
datas = '{"Numbers":1, "Strings":"value", "Arrays":[1,2,3]}'
data = json.loads(datas)
print(data)
print(type(data))
执行结果:
{'Numbers': 1, 'Strings': 'value', 'Arrays': [1, 2, 3]}
<class 'dict'>
class Person():
def __init__(self, d):
self.__dict__ = d
def introduce(self):
print(f"My name is {self.name}")
data = '{"name": "zhangsan", "height": 175}'
p = json.loads(data, object_hook=Person)
print(p)
print(p.name)
print(p.height)
p.introduce()
执行结果:
<__main__.Person object at 0x000001FA98439748>
zhangsan
175
My name is zhangsan
参考文档:
- https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3.9/library/json.html
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