写好实用文书的基本标准包括(让这篇文书告诉你)(1)

2016年大学申请有条不紊进行。

前天刚刚从温哥华回到上海,一边倒时差,一边修改孩子们的申请作文。

作文曾经如潮水般涌来,但已经慢慢退潮。这个事实,让我很有成就感。但不会如释重负,因为RD就在眼前。

在申请季节,对你的顾问老师和文书老师都要好一点吧,你们不会知道他们在背后的默默付出的。所以,尽量不要用话语刺激他们,你们一起吃饭时候你尽量买个单吧,来公司时候顺便从楼下捎几杯鲜榨果汁,当然,苹果7上市了,如果你发现你的顾问老师真的特别好,你也就别心疼那几千块钱了(此处应有笑声的哈)。其实,是不是plus他们无所谓的。

更重要的是,你如果发现你的顾问老师经常在大桥下和小河边,特别是在高楼上,久久徘徊,且口中念念有词,眼神绝望,你要格外关心他们哈。你们都知道的,救人一命,胜造七级浮屠。好了,玩笑就开到这里了。

写好实用文书的基本标准包括(让这篇文书告诉你)(2)

在温哥华的一个月时间,几乎每天就是琢磨申请文书,大约动用了1千多次葛优躺,还是2千多次,没有计算过。有人告诉我,那也叫葛优瘫,但我是躺着的,因为我的电脑就在我的床边,我改完一段,就会躺在床上琢磨下一段。

文书修改是个消耗心血的事情。面对一篇稚嫩的初稿,起码要来回看上3遍以上(对有些意识流之类的初稿,要看上5遍以上),你才会对整体的内容彻底把握。然后,你就要开始葛优躺,为整篇文章的修改打腹稿,确定方向。

在修改过程中,你要决定原稿中哪些地方的细节要删掉,哪些地方为了主题的需要应该补充细节,哪些地方要极力渲染,而哪些地方因为字数限制你要一笔带过。

说到字数限制,真的是个头疼的问题。比如,common就是650字,你就算全部定稿了,发现字数是750字,你就要从头再来一次,看从哪里去删减这100字。第一次,你从头到尾删节了下,发现还多出29字,你就要再来一次,然后,你发现还多出3个子,你还得再来一次,但心情会舒畅很多,因为删除掉3个字,就是把个别的表达简洁化下就可以了。字数符合,主题符合,再从头到尾仔细斟酌下,看和孩子的表格部分有无冲突支出,然后把定稿发给他们。

这一刻的快感,和一个作家完成一部长篇的感觉,别无二致。

除去字数限制的问题,一个文书修改老师还面临一个时间限制问题。大学申请截止日期前,起码一个礼拜吧,你得把定稿弄出来,不管你有没有灵感,需要你修改了,你就得马上改,你不能说等我过几天有灵感了再来修改你的文章。就像一个妓女,你不能说,等我有了性欲我再接客。

次奥,这个比喻有点那个了。但我知道你们有人好这个,就把这个拾人牙慧的东西保留在这了。

因为字数限制的问题,我一直和我的学生们强调,就是文书写作,必须要一个主题,一竿子插到底。不要在主题之外,衍生出一些影响招生官阅读的枝枝节节,哪怕这样的衍生,就是举手之劳。

每年,都会有家长问类似这样今年问的一样的问题。今年,这些家长问我的问题很多,比如,我孩子的文书要不要再体现下他的坚忍不拔(而这个孩子的文书其实主题实在谈他用一杯水的纯净去面对这个世界),我的孩子的文书要不要体现他的思考能力(而这个孩子的文书主要在谈他对做小事和大影响的经历和认识),我的文书要不要体现他的远大抱负(而这个孩子的文书在谈微笑的力量)。等等等等,不一而足。

首先,我想说的是,一篇文章的字数限制基本上就是限制了你很多可以发挥的地方。比如,罗彻斯特大学的补充文书,连头带尾就是100个字,要你谈你对社区的改变。100个字,把一件事情很有逻辑地交代清楚就已经很不容易,你还有多少空间去谈认识谈梦想,你还有多少空间去展示你光辉的品质和卓越的人格。你是不改作文不知道的这个字数限制有多么麻烦的。

其次,即使一篇文章不限定你的字数,我想没有哪个招生官在忙得晕头转向的时候会感兴趣你的长篇大论。我一直喜欢一句话就是Brevity is a virtue(简洁是一种美德)。为什么这么说呢,因为你简洁,节约了读者的时间呗。所以,我在修改文章的时候,凡是一句话可以讲清楚的地方,我绝对不会用两句话,一个简单句可以搞定的,我绝对不用复合句或是复杂句,哪怕你的句子铿锵有力,气势滂沱。那又怎样?你是要给招生官讲故事,还是要讲修辞?

再次,一篇文章就是一个主题,一个主题,从头到尾,一竿子插到底,你的所有细节都在为这个主题服务,你的起转承合,都在使这个主题更容易被招生官迅速看清,使整个文章的脉络清楚,逻辑流畅。不要衍生一些你自以为可以反映你品质的但有与主题不相关的内容,这叫聪明反被聪明误,你所认为的高大全,在别人看来不过是一锅大杂烩。

就像做菜,你要做条鱼,是需要放点油盐酱醋更入味,但这个油盐酱醋是看不出来的,你让人家一眼扫过去都分不清油盐酱醋和鱼,你这个鱼还能吃吗?

写好实用文书的基本标准包括(让这篇文书告诉你)(3)

所以,我贴出下面这篇主文书,去年的一个学生我帮着润色的,我找了下邮箱,只找到这篇663字的版本的,应该不是最终版本,但我记得很清楚,大概就是这个样子。

全篇就是谈自己的好奇心,如何开始,如何发展,如何认识。从一句西谚好奇害死猫开始,从小时候的睡前故事,谈到长大后用自己的双脚去丈量世界,用自己的眼睛去发现世界,直到最后也意识到“世界就是个等待探索的奇迹。我这个小猫已经跨出了第一步,在这个世界上留下足迹。我还是如儿时一样充满着好奇心,但我现在心里已经清楚,无论我对这个世界如何好奇,无论我学到了多少,这个世界,永远有一些东西,值得我的好奇心的漫长等待。”

全文在不同地方都提到了curiosity,使得整个逻辑链步步为营,环环相扣。

好好体会下这篇文章,用心感受,什么叫一个主题,一竿子插到底。

附带说一声,前段时间一个朋友讲,你把你这些干货贴出来都被你的同行学走啦。我哈哈一笑,首先我的干货很多啊,贴再多的文章都用不完的。另外,同行觉得我的有用,我会很高兴地说声“拿走不谢”,更要谢谢人家的抬举呢,自古同行相轻,有同行喜欢我的文章高兴都来不及。再说,在不同的岗位都是在为人民服务嘛。

不过,不要把我改过的东西去向什么外教求证,就我所知道的在中国混的一些外教的作文修改水平来看,我只能送他们两个字:丢人!

不要激动,那些让你激动起来的,往往是真理。

写好实用文书的基本标准包括(让这篇文书告诉你)(4)

好了,看这篇被美国前20录取的学生文书吧:

They say curiosity kills a cat. Well, I am that cat, but I was not killed by curiosity,but was forged into what I am now.

When I was a little kitty, mom would read bed stories to me every evening. A splendid stony castle where live a prince and his beautiful princess, a line of dragon-riding cavaliers in the gathering dusk, a crowd of talking animals in elegant suits and ties—all these magical, supernatural figures and places that would send me into my dreams.

Then,the little kitty grew up, and he began to sense the flaws in mom’s bed stories. In bed stories, all animal can talk, but in real life, my puppy dog never talks in a way that I can understand. Finally I found out that those bed stories are just fantasies that mom used to lull me into sleep.

But my curiosity toward this world stems from those bed stories. And I began to ask mom many, many questions about the world. I need answers to my urgent questions, from “why people die” to “ why should I eat veggies.” Mom was patient at first, but each of her answers incurred more questions from me, and the whole process would end with her shouting of “stop” or a nice spanking on my bottom. She complained to dad that I was mewing too much,or just too curious for my age.

Then one day, mom bought me a few books to “help me learn more”. (Or perhapse, just to shut me up.) I took instant interest in a 7 volumes of encyclopaedia for teenagers, which covers the celestial bodies to the ants on the ground. In the book, a question is posed ,then a simple answer is offered.The encyclopaedia did clear much of my confusion, but ignited my more curiosity about the world we live in.

In reading those books, I came across science fiction, and I immediately realized that science fiction was written perfectly for me, as it combines two elements I am pursuing--science, knowledge of the true nature, and fiction, imaginative tales.

From then on, I spent hours and hours beside my dimly lit wooden desk, on my unmade bed, in the crowded pubic library of the city, and on the floor of a humble book store at the corner of the street, carried away from reality into the supernatural realm where I could day dream. Each time when a story ended tight,I had to wake up to the reality, with my mind still lingering and wandering.And I was curious that if the supernatural things may become reality, supposing technology develops in leaps and bounds.

The kitty grew into a young an adult, and he began to measure the world with hisown feet, his curiosity never getting waned. In the darkening sky of Australia,myriad stars winked on and off, casting their shimmering light onto the ground.While other visitors were marveling at the grandness of a clear, open nightsky, I was trying to locate the Polaris, the Big Dipper, and other constellations I had known in my textbook. Equipped with sunglasses and oxygen,I climbed up Mount Yulong of Yunnan, China, 4,000 meters above sea level,amazed by the reflection power of the brightly white snow covering the mountain range. In Canada’spolar region, I beheld the magnificent scenery of aurora, the grand painting created by the sun through the agent of ionized oxygen particles.

Yes,the world is a miracle and there is so much awaiting my exploration. A kitty has taken his first steps outside his nest, and is leaving his foot prints inthe world. He is still as curious as he was as a toddler, but now bears in mind that however curious he is, how much he has learned, there is always somethingin the world that deserves his ever-lasting curiosity.

注:本文转自《张一冰说》微信公众号

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