许多学生、家长包括老师谈考色变。考试取胜有诀窍，本文基于传授答题策略，确保考生答题完形填空得满分。
一、揭秘完型填空命题奥秘
1.揭秘考纲
完形填空是以阅读为形式，以上下文为基础，以词法和句法为内容，测试考生解决连接语言信息中断问题的能力。“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它不仅要求考生具有扎实的基础知识，而且还要求考生具有独立分析、对比取舍及灵活处理问题的能力。
2.揭秘考情
近几年，完形填空题目由传统的“语法知识型”命题模式转变为“情境能力型”的命题趋势。其最显著的特点就是突出语篇，即重在文意的干扰，把单一的语言知识融入具体的语言情境中：降低对单词本身词义及语法的考查；注重对上下文联系，考查学生对通过上下文对整体文意的把握能力；注重考查学生对英语语言知识的灵活运用；注重考查学生阅读理解能力、词汇运用能力、逻辑分析能力和推理判断的能力；考查重点会向语言交际化、情景生活化、词汇运用灵活化的方向发展。
3.揭秘特点
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选材特点 |
内容注重原汁原味，与现代社会生活密切相关，体现“关注学生情感，提高人文素质”的理念。 话题新颖时尚，涉及科普、社会、文化、政治、经济、名人轶事等领域。题材以幽默性或哲理性的故事题材居多。 体裁以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，兼顾说明文和议论文。 难易程度与初中教材相当，词数在220—280左右 |
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命题特点 |
注重在语境中综合考查学生对词义的理解、辨析与搭配。 考查结合语境进行分析、判断的能力。 |
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设题原则 |
设空以实词为主，虚词为辅，实词和虚词的比例基本是8:2或7:3。 |
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设题以根据上下文语境考查形近词或近义词的辨析为主，减少单纯考查语法的题目 |
4.揭秘角度
5.解密考点
（1）重语境
完形填空着眼于整体理解，必须在对短文大意进行了解的基础上才能较准确地推知答案。因此，需要注意上下句的逻辑关系以及整篇文章的情节，尤其是在需要填连接性词语时更需要上下文提供的线索，把自己置身于情景当中进行填空，这样才能比较顺利且有把握地捕捉到正确信息。
（2）重实词
完形填空的命题是在一句话中的关键词语上做文章。这种词语大多是名词、动词、形容词、副词等实词，当然也不排除能左右文章内容的一些虚词，如介词、连词等。
（3）重首句
首句通常不设选项。这是因为第一句是核心句，是观察全文的窗口，对熟悉语境、确定时态、推测文章大意等起着关键性的作用。如果设选项，就会加大难度，影响对文章信息的捕捉，使做题者陷入茫然。
（4）重快速领悟文章主旨的能力
完形填空题的特点在于人为地设置了很多空格，使文章支离破碎、残缺不全，这就造成了理解上的障碍。需要考生跳过空格，快速领悟文章主旨。只有这样，才能保证思路连贯，在理解的过程中迅速抓住文章的中心意思。设空有一定的规律性。一般说来大都是均衡分布，各空之间的距离大致相当，通常是隔一定词数，留出一个空格，不连续设空。关系过于密切时，只设一个选项。如果两个相互依存，关系密切的单词或短语都设为选项，就会形成错一个等于错两个，对一个等于对两个的现象。
（5）注重对文章的整体把握能力
对文章的整体把握就是指根据文章的主旨，通过上下文暗示，对整篇文章、整个段落或整个意群的整体文意的把握。
（6）重考查排除干扰、完形词义的能力
完形填空题中干扰项的干扰，一般与语法结构无太大关系，重在文意干扰。因此，只要把握了文意和具体的语境，通过对词义的辨析，一些错误的干扰项就容易被排除。
二、剖析中考真题
（陕西中考）One day, David and his friends talked about who their closest 21 were. When it was his turn, he said, “My best friend is Amy, 22 81-year-old woman living in Florida.”
Their friendship came 23 a game. In the game, David and Amy were on the same team. After this game, they became good friends. David even told her about his dream of music.
However, life was hard for David at that time. He hardly 24 time or money to play music. Most of the time, he had to work in a restaurant. He felt that his dream was hopeless(无望的). 25 he almost lost heart, Amy gave him lots of help and supported his dream. Two years later, he decided 26 to New York for his dream. There he held his first concert successfully.
After the concert, a famous reporter in New York heard of their story. He wanted to know what 27 . So he flew to Florida to interview her. To his surprise, the friendship between Amy and David was 28 than he could imagine.
Later, many people 29 by this story. But Amy thought it was nothing. She said, “As friends, we 30 give a hand when they need.”
21. A. friend B. friends C. classmate D. classmates
22. A. the B. / C. a D. an
23. A. from B. below C. to D. at
24. A. have B. had C. has had D. will have
25. A. Before B. When C. Unless D. If
26. A. go B. going C. to go D. gone
27. A. Amy was like B. was Amy like C. is Amy like D. Amy is like
28. A. beautiful B. beautifully C. more beautiful D. the most beautiful
29. A. is moved B. are moved C. was moved D. were moved
30. A. should B. would C. mustn’t D. can’t
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题号 |
答案 |
命题角度 |
解析 |
难度 |
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21. |
B |
语境理解 与名词复数 |
根据下句“My best friend is Amy”可知此处表达“谈论他们最亲密的朋友是谁”。且根据were，可知用名词复数 |
** |
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22. |
D |
冠词用法 |
此处介绍艾米是一个生活在加利福尼亚州的81岁的老太太，表示泛指；且eighty-one以元音音素/ei/开头，故使用an。 |
* |
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23. |
A |
固定搭配 |
根据短语come from（来自），句意：他们的友谊来自一场比赛。 |
* |
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24. |
B |
动词时态 |
本句和上句表示的是同一个时间发生的事情。根据上句的时间状语at that time，可知此句话用一般过去时态。 |
** |
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25. |
B |
连词辨析 |
根据后半句“艾米给了他许多帮助并且支持他的梦想”可推知这是在他灰心的时候所做的事情。when意为“当……时候”。 |
** |
|
26. |
C |
非谓语动词 |
句意：两年后，他决定为了他的梦想去纽约decide to do sth.（决定做某事） |
* |
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27. |
A |
宾语从句 |
空白处所填内容和what构成宾语从句，作动词know的宾语。宾语从句的语序为陈述语序；且主句的谓语动词wanted是过去时，所以宾语从句的动词也用一般过去时。 |
*** |
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28. |
C |
形容词比较级 |
因空白处后面有than，可知此处填形容词的比较级形式。 |
* |
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29. |
D |
动词时态与主谓一致 |
由整篇短文的时态可知此处叙述过去发生的事情，所以这句话也用一般过去时的被动语态。又因主语是many people，所以be动词使用were。 |
** |
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30. |
A |
情态动词 |
由上文艾米的做法可知艾米在此处想要表达“当朋友需要的时候，我们应该帮助他们” |
** |
三、“三步”“五法”解答完形
1.答题三步曲
完形填空答题总原则：先完意再完形
2.答题五技巧
技巧一：利用上下文语境推断句意解题
在试题中，如果脱离上下文语境，每个选项放在空格处，在语法、词性、意义上可能都是正确的，但是在上下文具体的语境中，正确答案是唯一的。
（2北京中考）Thirty engineers were working as a team in a company. They were young and eager to learn. The management decided to teach them about finding real solutions to problems.
One day, the team was called for a 13. game in a hall. ...
The manager asked everyone to pick a balloon and blow it up. Then they were asked to write their names on their respective(各自的) balloons 15. carefully so that the balloons wouldn’t blow out. All tried, but not everyone was 16 . Five balloons blew out due to pressure(压力).
...
16. A. honest B. ready C. patient D. successful
【一招制胜】
技巧二：利用词汇复现关系解题
空格处正确的选项,会再次在短文中的其他位置（紧接着或相隔几句甚至是几段）出现。词汇复现包括词汇前复现、词汇后复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。考生可以结合上下文意及联系确定选项。
（青海中考）A girl was working as a nurse in a private hospital. One day, a patient who was 41. seriously ill was brought to her hospital, but soon had to be moved to a different hospital for an operation. The director of the hospital said that the patient couldn’t leave 42. unless he paid his bill first. The patient’s family asked if they could pay the bill 43. after the operation, as the patient was terribly ill. But their request was refused.
The nurse, who had just arrived to work, heard about the situation and made a 44. surprising decision. She took off her golden 45 and used it to pay the patient’s bill. 46. with her help, the patient was immediately taken to the other hospital and his life was saved. Although the watch was the only piece of valuable thing she 47. owned , ...
...
45. A. necklace B. watch C. ring D. glasses
【一招制胜】
技巧三：利用固定搭配、固定句式及习惯表达解题
英语中的词汇、短语的搭配是比较固定的、约定俗成的，一些句型的用法也是固定的。因此，只要能熟记这些用法，就会轻松解答试题。
（广州中考）Xian Xinghai was a very famous musician in China. ....
Xian was born in Panyu, Guangzhou, China in 1905. Because his father died before he was born, Xian moved from place to place with 2. his mother. He began learning to play 3. the violin when he was 20 years old. In the beginning, his violin was 4 cheap and badly made that he 5. could not play it well. ...
...
4. A. so B. such C. very D. much
【一招制胜】
技巧四：利用文化背景和生活常识解题
答题时，考生积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，注意中西方文化方面存在的差异，会简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，快速地选出正确的答案。
（2018·江西中考）There are purple clothes,purple handbags,purple bicycles,purple furniture,even purple computers!So purple is one of the most 36. popular colors today. ...
...
During the time of Roman Empire（37BC-476AD）,it was very 41. difficult to make purple dye（染料）. The dye came from sea snails（海螺）. But 10,000 dead sea snails 42. got you just one gram（克）of purple dye ... as well as a very bad smell! This 43. special purple dye was called Tyrian purple, and it was the preferred__44__of emperors.
...
44. A. color B. smell C. plant D. animal
【一招制胜】
技巧五：利用逻辑推理关系解题
完形填空的短文行文流畅,逻辑关系密切、紧凑。考生可以通过分析上下句或上下文之间的关系（如：并列、转折、递进、让步等），合理推断得出正确答案。
（2018·河北中考）Once there was a king and his daughter. The king asked his daughter how much she loved him. She said that she loved him as much as she loved 36. salt. Her answer made the king very happy. Salt is a simple thing, 37 it is very important. So the king thought his daughter cared a lot about him.
...
37. A. or B. so C. and D. but
【一招制胜】
四、一线名师话误区
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答题误区 |
规避策略 |
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对篇章主旨理解不准确 |
充分利用首句、首段等信息理解篇章大意 |
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忽视上下文逻辑关系 |
结合上下文，利用因果、类比、对比、时间、空间等关系 |
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语法知识运用不娴熟 |
考虑句子结构、动词形式时态、语态等 |
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凭主观臆断选择答案 |
站在作者的立场解题 |
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固定搭配不熟练 |
注意积累、记忆常用短语和固定搭配 |
五、学霸君支妙招Ø 研究首尾找主题
Ø 分析判断扣文意
Ø 上下联系寻信息
Ø 左顾右盼找搭配
Ø 思前想后觅逻辑
Ø 语境分析辨词义
Ø 集中精力破难题
Ø 复读原文严谨细
