177 中子的结构

Structure of the Neutron

(https://www.nuclear-power.com/)

中子的结构

原子的个数越多质量越大吗(核言碎语246)(1)

中子的夸克结构。每个夸克的色分配是任意的,但所有三种色都必须存在。胶子传导夸克之间的力。

Neutrons and protons are classified as hadrons, subatomic particles subject to the strong force, and baryons since they are composed of three quarks. The neutron is a composite particle made of two down quarks with charge −⅓ e and one up quark with charge ⅔ e. Since the neutron has no net electric charge, it is not affected by electric forces, but the neutron does have a slight distribution of electric charge within it. This results in a non-zero magnetic moment (dipole moment) of the neutron. Therefore the neutron also interacts via electromagnetic interaction but is much weaker than the proton.

中子和质子被归类为强子,即受到强力的亚原子粒子,又因其由3个夸克组成而被归类为重子。中子是一种复合粒子,由两个带−⅓e电荷的下夸克和一个带⅔e电荷的上夸克组成。由于中子没有净电荷,它不受电力的影响,但中子内部确实有轻微的电荷分布。这导致中子的磁矩(偶极矩)非零。因此,中子也通过电磁相互作用,但比质子弱得多。

The mass of the neutron is 939.565 MeV/c2, whereas the mass of the three quarks is only about 12 MeV/c2 (only about 1% of the mass-energy of the neutron). Like the proton, most of the mass (energy) of the neutron is in the form of the strong nuclear force energy (gluons). The quarks of the neutron are held together by gluons, the exchange particles for the strong nuclear force. Gluons carry the color charge of the strong nuclear force.

中子的质量为939.565 MeV/c^2,而三个夸克的质量仅为12 MeV/c^2(仅为中子质能的1%)。和质子一样,中子的大部分质量(能量)是以强核力能量(胶子)的形式存在的。中子的夸克是由胶子结合在一起的,即强核力的交换粒子。胶子携带着强核力的色荷。

注:

(以下内容来自百度百科)

中子对外显示电中性而具有磁矩。高能电子、μ子或中微子轰击中子的散射实验显示中子内部的电荷和磁矩有一定的分布,说明中子不是点粒子,而具有一定的内部结构。中子是由3个更深层次的粒子——夸克构成的。中子和质子是同一种粒子的两种不同电荷状态,其同位旋为 1/2 ,中子的同位旋第三分量I3=-1/2。在轻核中含有几乎相等数目的中子和质子;在重核中,中子数则大于质子数,例如铀共有146个中子和92个质子。对于一定质子数的核,中子数可以在一定范围内取几种不同的值,形成一个元素的不同同位素。

(待续)

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